Reaktor Pub Date : 2019-03-31 DOI: 10.14710/REAKTOR.18.04.183-193

Santiyo Wibowo, N. Lestari

{"title":"Effect of Peanut Shell Torrefaction on Qualities of The Produced Bio-pellet","authors":"Santiyo Wibowo, N. Lestari","doi":"10.14710/REAKTOR.18.04.183-193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/REAKTOR.18.04.183-193","url":null,"abstract":"Peanut shells could be regarded as biomass wastes generated from agricultural products, which are abundantly available. The current handling of those wastes is merely through direct incineration, without a proper and controlled manner. Consequently, it could arouse environmental concerns, such as air pollution and human respiratory diseases. One alternative solution is converting those peanut shells to bio-pellet, expectedly applicable for fuels. Relevantly, research on bio-pellet manufacture from peanut shells, previously treated with the torrefaction, was conducted. It’s aimed mainly to identify the fuel-related characteristics of bio-pellet products. The tested bio-pellet parameters covered, moisture content, ash content, volatile matters, fixed carbon content, calorific values, and density. The results revealed that torrefaction temperature and time at raw materials (peanut shells) could improve their qualities in regard to particular calorific value compared to those before such torrefaction; which referred to Indonesia’s Standard (SNI-8021-2014) for wood bio-pellet. Further, torrefaction could increase bio-pellet quality which satisfied the SNI’s Standard, except for ash content. Optimal torrefaction treatment was obtained at 300oC temperature for 60 minutes, whereby it achieved remarkable bio-pellet characteristics in terms of moisture content (3.092%), ash content (6.116%), volatile matters (38.387%), fixed carbon (55.447%), calorific value (6174 cal/g), and density (0.703 g/cm3). The torrefaction bio-pellets from peanut shells could achieve remarkable performances, with respect to fuel consumption rate (0.68 kg/hr), heating value (6174 kcal/kg), and thermal efficiency (16.67%).Keywords: biomass wastes, bio-pellet, conversion, peanut shells, torrefaction treatment","PeriodicalId":20874,"journal":{"name":"Reaktor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73134474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Assessment of Compost Maturity using The Static Respirometry Index 用静态呼吸指数评价堆肥成熟度

Reaktor Pub Date : 2019-03-31 DOI: 10.14710/REAKTOR.18.04.194-201

G. A. Kristanto, Syifa’ Aulia Rahmah

{"title":"Assessment of Compost Maturity using The Static Respirometry Index","authors":"G. A. Kristanto, Syifa’ Aulia Rahmah","doi":"10.14710/REAKTOR.18.04.194-201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/REAKTOR.18.04.194-201","url":null,"abstract":"To be used as organic fertilizer, compost must be stable and mature enough to ensure that it is safe for agricultural application. The stability and maturity of compost can be viewed from physical, chemical, and biological parameters. One of the biological parameters is the static respiration index (SRI). In many places, the SRI is applied as a representative indicator of the stability and maturity of compost but not in Indonesia compost standard of the SNI 19-7030-2004. This study aims to assess the index of the static respiration of composts and analyze their stability and maturity. The assessment was carried out on 10 compost samples sold in Jakarta and Depok. It is observed that 8 of 10 tested composts was stable and mature, with a static respiration index of 0.61–1.35 mg O2 g-1 VS h-1. One of the 10 composts was very stable and very mature, with a static respiration index of 0.46 mg O2 g-1 VS h-1 and 1 compost was unstable and immature, with an index of 1.79 mg O2 g-1 VS h-1. The results indicated that re-composted for seven days was adequate to make the compost more stable and mature than the initial state. Since maturity is not described by a single property, it is great assurance for the compost producer and end user in Indonesia that not only physical and chemical characteristics are used as indicator for compost stability and maturity but also biological indicator such as SRI. Keywords: compost; maturity; stability; static respiration index","PeriodicalId":20874,"journal":{"name":"Reaktor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85127332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Antimicrobial Activity of Kaffir Lime Peel Extract against Streptococcus mutans 青柠皮提取物对变形链球菌的抑菌活性研究

Reaktor Pub Date : 2019-03-31 DOI: 10.14710/REAKTOR.18.04.235-240

Rosalie Maria Windy Purwanto, Jeni Pabontong, Ery Susiany Retnoningtyas, W. Irawaty

{"title":"Antimicrobial Activity of Kaffir Lime Peel Extract against Streptococcus mutans","authors":"Rosalie Maria Windy Purwanto, Jeni Pabontong, Ery Susiany Retnoningtyas, W. Irawaty","doi":"10.14710/REAKTOR.18.04.235-240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/REAKTOR.18.04.235-240","url":null,"abstract":"Kaffir lime peels contain polyphenols as natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agent. The aims of this study were to (1) extract phenolics compounds from kaffir lime peels using water, ethanol 70% and ethanol 96% as the solvent, and (2) assess the antibacterial activity of the extract against Streptococcus mutans which is the main cause of dental caries. Research methodology includes preparation and extraction of polyphenols from kaffir lime peels, preparation of mouthwash based-kaffir lime peels extracts and evaluation the mouthwash ability to inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans. The results show water exhibited the best solvent to extract polyphenols among the three solvents. The total phenolics content in the water extract was observed at 11.42±0.48 mg GAE/g, whilst in the two ethanolic extracts were 10.91±0.87 and 8.87±0.53 mg GAE/g for ethanol 70 and 96%, respectively. Consequently, the water-based extract performed the highest antimicrobial activity. The highest inhibition zone was demonstrated by 100% extract of concentration extract variation. Although the inhibition zone of the mouthwash was smaller than the commercial product, the extract has the potential to be developed as a safe mouthwash for long-term usage.Keywords: dental caries; kaffir lime; mouthwash; peel; phenolic; Streptococcus mutans","PeriodicalId":20874,"journal":{"name":"Reaktor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87572263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Back Matters 回到问题

Reaktor Pub Date : 2019-03-31 DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.18.04.xxx-xxx

A. C. Kumoro

引用次数: 0

Front Matters 前很重要

Reaktor Pub Date : 2019-03-31 DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.18.04.i-v

A. C. Kumoro

引用次数: 0

Evaluation Performance of Pneumatic Dryer for Cassava Starch 木薯淀粉干燥机的性能评价

Reaktor Pub Date : 2019-03-31 DOI: 10.14710/REAKTOR.18.04.216-223

S. Suherman, N. Hidayati

引用次数: 1

Synthesis of Surfactant Tert-Butyl Glycosides from Glucose and Tert-Butanol 葡萄糖和正丁醇合成表面活性剂叔丁基糖苷

Reaktor Pub Date : 2019-03-31 DOI: 10.14710/REAKTOR.18.04.202-208

H. Pawignya, T. Kusworo, B. Pramudono

引用次数: 2

Characterization and Development of Edible Film/Coating from Lesser Yam Starch-Plasticizer Added with Potassium Sorbate or Cinnamon Oil in Affecting Characteristics and Shelf Life of Stored, Coated Strawberry 山梨酸钾和肉桂油对小山药淀粉增塑剂可食性膜/包衣特性和保质期的影响

Reaktor Pub Date : 2019-03-31 DOI: 10.14710/REAKTOR.18.04.224-234

W. D. R. Pokatong, Jessica Decyree

{"title":"Characterization and Development of Edible Film/Coating from Lesser Yam Starch-Plasticizer Added with Potassium Sorbate or Cinnamon Oil in Affecting Characteristics and Shelf Life of Stored, Coated Strawberry","authors":"W. D. R. Pokatong, Jessica Decyree","doi":"10.14710/REAKTOR.18.04.224-234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/REAKTOR.18.04.224-234","url":null,"abstract":"Starch of lesser yam (‘gembili’ in Indonesian) has been used as a base for edible film and coating. Potassium sorbate and cinnamon oil are known as strong antimicrobial agents. This research was aimed to investigate the physical and mechanical characteristics of edible film from lesser yam starch-plasticizer formulations added with potassium (K) sorbate or cinnamon oil and its application as coating to strawberries. Incorporation of either K-sorbate or cinnamon oil at higher concentration resulted in reduced tensile strength and elongation with higher water vapor transmission rate (WVTR). The selected edible film formulations were applied as coating on strawberry stored at two conditions: room (28-30°C) and refrigeration temperature (5-6°C). At room temperature, controls had shelf life only for 2 and 4 days and strawberries coated with addition of K-sorbate lasted for 5-6 days, and those with addition of cinnamon oil prolonged for 5-11 days. At refrigeration storage, shelf life of controls was 9 and 18 days whereas K-sorbate-added formulations further prolonged shelf life of strawberries for 19-21 days, and those added with cinnamon oil lasted for 25-26 days. Therefore, all coated, stored strawberries had longer shelf life and more retained strawberries’ quality including lower weight loss, higher hardness, and lower microbial count.Keywords: cinnamon oil; edible coating; edible film; potassium sorbate; strawberry","PeriodicalId":20874,"journal":{"name":"Reaktor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89813219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Integrated Electrocoagulation and Tight Ultrafiltration Membrane for Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse 电絮凝-紧密超滤膜一体化废水回收回用研究

Reaktor Pub Date : 2019-03-31 DOI: 10.14710/REAKTOR.18.04.209-215

F. A. Nugroho, P. Aryanti, B. Irawan, M. Kurnia, T. Prasetyo

{"title":"Integrated Electrocoagulation and Tight Ultrafiltration Membrane for Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse","authors":"F. A. Nugroho, P. Aryanti, B. Irawan, M. Kurnia, T. Prasetyo","doi":"10.14710/REAKTOR.18.04.209-215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/REAKTOR.18.04.209-215","url":null,"abstract":"Wastewater reclamation and reuse have become an alternative to saving operational costs while reducing the impact of waste pollution. In this paper, integration of electrocoagulation (EC) and polysulfone-based ultrafiltration (UF-PSf) membranes were used for the mentioned purpose. The EC unit equipped with 7 (seven) pieces of E-shaped of Al electrodes, which operated at a current of 3 (three) Amperes and a residence time of 2 (two) hours. The waste samples obtained from textile and oil palm industries. The experimental results were compared based on product quality and economic feasibility. When used for textile waste treatment, the integrated EC-UF units reduced TDS, TSS, BOD, and COD by 77%, 95%, 70 -80%, and 60-70%, respectively. While in palm oil waste treatment, the TDS and TSS reduced by 92% and 98%. The electrode loss rate in palm oil waste treatment was 2 (two) times greater than textile waste. By assuming that the waste production capacity of both industries was 400 m3/day, the water production cost in textile waste treatment was Rp. 4,000/m3. While in the palm oil waste treatment, the water production cost was Rp. 6,000/m3. These results showed that the EC-UF unit could be used as an economical and environmentally friendly alternative process for reclamation of industrial wastewater that meets the clean water quality standards.Keywords: electrocoagulation, industrial wastewater, ultrafiltration, reclamation, reuse water","PeriodicalId":20874,"journal":{"name":"Reaktor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74596890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Effect of pH and Gas Flow Rate on Ozone Mass Transfer of Κ-Carrageenan Solution in Bubble Column Reactor pH和气体流速对Κ-Carrageenan溶液中臭氧传质的影响

Reaktor Pub Date : 2019-03-31 DOI: 10.14710/REAKTOR.18.04.177-182

A. Prasetyaningrum, Dyah Arum Kusumaningtyas, Purbo Suseno, R. Ratnawati

引用次数: 4

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