Reactions最新文献_第9页

Preliminary Studies on the Electrochemical Conversion of Liquefied Forest Biomass 液化森林生物质电化学转化的初步研究

Reactions Pub Date : 2022-10-31 DOI: 10.3390/reactions3040037

Tiago Silva, José Condeço, D. Santos

{"title":"Preliminary Studies on the Electrochemical Conversion of Liquefied Forest Biomass","authors":"Tiago Silva, José Condeço, D. Santos","doi":"10.3390/reactions3040037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/reactions3040037","url":null,"abstract":"Bio-oils produced from three different biomass sources, namely cork, pinewood, and olive stones, are evaluated concerning their suitability and prospects of including their electrochemical transformations in a biorefinery scenario for the production of added-value compounds. Different types and concentrations of electrolytes (e.g., H2SO4, KOH) are added to the bio-oils to increase the samples’ initially low ionic conductivity. The samples prepared by mixing bio-oil with 2 M KOH aqueous solution (50 vol.%) lead to a stable and homogeneous bio-oil alkaline emulsion suitable for electrochemical studies. The bio-oil samples are characterized by physicochemical methods (e.g., density, viscosity, conductivity), followed by analyzing their electrochemical behavior by voltammetric and chronoamperometric studies. The organics electrooxidation and the hydrogen evolution reaction in the bio-oils are assessed using Pt electrodes. Single- and two-compartment cell laboratory bio-oil electrolyzers are assembled using nickel plate electrodes. Electrolysis is carried out at 2.5 V for 24 h. Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry are applied to identify possible changes in the bio-oil samples’ chemical structure during the electrolysis experiments. Comparing the analyses of the bio-oil samples subjected to electrolysis with the blank samples demonstrates that bulk electrolysis significantly changes the bio-oil composition. The bio-oil obtained from cork biomass shows the most promising results, but further studies are required to understand the nature of the actual changes.","PeriodicalId":20873,"journal":{"name":"Reactions","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84960138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Greener and Efficient Epoxidation of 1,5-Hexadiene with tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide (TBHP) as an Oxidising Reagent in the Presence of Polybenzimidazole Supported Mo(VI) Catalyst 在多苯并咪唑负载的Mo(VI)催化剂存在下，以过氧化叔丁基(thbhp)为氧化试剂更环保高效地环氧化1,5-己二烯

Reactions Pub Date : 2022-10-21 DOI: 10.3390/reactions3040036

M. M. R. Bhuiyan, M. Mohammed, B. Saha

{"title":"Greener and Efficient Epoxidation of 1,5-Hexadiene with tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide (TBHP) as an Oxidising Reagent in the Presence of Polybenzimidazole Supported Mo(VI) Catalyst","authors":"M. M. R. Bhuiyan, M. Mohammed, B. Saha","doi":"10.3390/reactions3040036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/reactions3040036","url":null,"abstract":"Alkene epoxidation with TBHP as an oxidising reagent using heterogeneous Mo(VI) catalyst is an environmentally friendly process since it eliminates acid waste and chlorinated by-products often associated with the conventional industrial method that uses stoichiometric peracid such as peracetic acid and m-chloroperbenzoic acid. Polybenzimidazole supported Mo(VI) complex, i.e., PBI.Mo has been successfully prepared, characterised and assessed for the epoxidation of 1,5-hexadiene in the presence of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as an oxidising reagent. A quadratic polynomial model has been developed, demonstrating the yield of 1,2-epoxy-5-hexene in four independent variables. The effects of different parameters such as reaction temperature, feed mole ratio of 1,5-hexadiene to TBHP, catalyst loading, and reaction time were studied. Response surface methodology (RSM) using Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was employed to study the interaction effect of different variables on the reaction response. This study presents the optimization of 1,5-hexadiene epoxidation in a batch reactor using TBHP as an oxidant and a polymer-supported Mo(VI) catalyst.","PeriodicalId":20873,"journal":{"name":"Reactions","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84261590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Measuring Kinetics in Flow Using Isoperibolic Flow Calorimetry 用等循环流量量热法测量流动动力学

Reactions Pub Date : 2022-10-12 DOI: 10.3390/reactions3040035

T. Frede, Moritz Greive, N. Kockmann

引用次数: 2

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Tri-Substituted 1,3,5-Triazines from Metformin Using Benzotriazole Chemistry 苯并三唑化学微波辅助二甲双胍合成三取代1,3,5-三嗪

Reactions Pub Date : 2022-10-04 DOI: 10.3390/reactions3040034

S. Panda, Eyana Thomas, Ashley M. Pham

引用次数: 2

Amphotericin B 两性霉素B

Reactions Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40278-022-25663-2

引用次数: 0

Amphotericin B 两性霉素B

Reactions Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40278-022-26303-y

引用次数: 0

Nitrous oxide 一氧化二氮

Reactions Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40278-022-25165-z

Gurney Bf

引用次数: 0

Kinetic Modeling for the Gas-Phase Hydrogenation of the LOHC γ-Butyrolactone–1,4-Butanediol on a Copper-Zinc Catalyst 铜锌催化剂上LOHC γ-丁内酯- 1,4-丁二醇气相加氢的动力学模拟

Reactions Pub Date : 2022-09-26 DOI: 10.3390/reactions3040033

Vincent Gautier, Isabelle Champon, Alban Chappaz, I. Pitault

{"title":"Kinetic Modeling for the Gas-Phase Hydrogenation of the LOHC γ-Butyrolactone–1,4-Butanediol on a Copper-Zinc Catalyst","authors":"Vincent Gautier, Isabelle Champon, Alban Chappaz, I. Pitault","doi":"10.3390/reactions3040033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/reactions3040033","url":null,"abstract":"Liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) are an interesting alternative for hydrogen storage as the method is based on the reversibility of hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions to produce liquid and safe components at room temperature. As hydrogen storage involves a large amount of hydrogen and pure compounds, the design of a three-phase reactor requires the study of gas and liquid-phase kinetics. The gas-phase hydrogenation kinetics of LOHC γ-butyrolactone/1,4-butanediol on a copper-zinc catalyst are investigated here. The experiments were performed with data, taken from the literature, in the temperature and pressure ranges 200–240 °C and 25–35 bar, respectively, for a H2/γ-butyrolactone molar ratio at the reactor inlet of about 90. The best kinetic law takes into account the thermodynamic chemical equilibrium, is based on the associative hydrogen adsorption and is able to simulate temperature and pressure effects. For this model, the confidence intervals are at most 28% for the pre-exponential factors and 4% for the activation energies. Finally, this model will be included in a larger reactor model in order to evaluate the selectivity of the reactions, which may differ depending on whether the reaction takes place in the liquid or gas phase.","PeriodicalId":20873,"journal":{"name":"Reactions","volume":"707 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78717870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advances for Biorefineries: Glycerol Hydrogenolysis to 1,3-Propylene Glycol 生物炼制的进展:甘油氢解制1,3-丙二醇

Reactions Pub Date : 2022-09-19 DOI: 10.3390/reactions3030032

M. Gatti, N. Nichio, F. Pompeo

{"title":"Advances for Biorefineries: Glycerol Hydrogenolysis to 1,3-Propylene Glycol","authors":"M. Gatti, N. Nichio, F. Pompeo","doi":"10.3390/reactions3030032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/reactions3030032","url":null,"abstract":"Humanity’s growing dependence on non-renewable resources and the ensuing environmental impact thus generated have spurred the search for alternatives to replace chemicals and energy obtained from petroleum derivatives. Within the group of biofuels, biodiesel has managed to expand worldwide at considerable levels, going from 20 million tn/year in 2010 to 47 million tn/year in 2022, boosting the supply of glycerol, a by-product of its synthesis that can be easily used as a renewable, clean, low-cost raw material for the manufacture of products for the chemical industry. The hydrogenolysis of glycerol leads to the production of glycols, 1,2-propylene glycol (1,2-PG) and 1,3-propylene glycol (1,3-PG). In particular, 1,3-PG has the highest added value and has multiple uses including its application as an additive in the polymer industry, the manufacture of cosmetics, cleaning products, cooling liquids, etc. This review focuses on the study of the hydrogenolysis of glycerol for the production of 1,3-PG, presenting the main reaction mechanisms and the catalysts employed, both in liquid and vapor phase. Engineering aspects and the effect of the operating variables to achieve maximum yields are discussed. Finally, studies related to the stability and the main deactivation mechanisms of catalytic systems are presented.","PeriodicalId":20873,"journal":{"name":"Reactions","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88008829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Thiol-Ene Reaction of Heparin Allyl Ester, Heparin 4-Vinylbenzyl Ester and Enoxaparin 肝素烯丙基酯、肝素4-乙烯基苄基酯与依诺肝素的硫烯反应

Reactions Pub Date : 2022-09-05 DOI: 10.3390/reactions3030031

R. Taylor, D. Poudel

引用次数: 0