Reactions最新文献_第4页

A New Pd-Based Catalytic System for the Reductive Carbonylation of Nitrobenzene to Form N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide Selectively in One Pot 一种新型钯基催化体系，用于一锅选择性还原硝基苯羰基化形成 N-(4-羟基苯基)乙酰胺

Reactions Pub Date : 2023-11-17 DOI: 10.3390/reactions4040042

A. Vavasori, Marco Capponi, L. Ronchin

引用次数: 0

Silver Nanoparticles Coated with Recombinant Human Epidermal Growth Factor: Synthesis, Characterization, Liberation and Anti-Escherichia coli Activity 涂有重组人表皮生长因子的银纳米粒子：银纳米粒子的合成、表征、释放和抗大肠杆菌活性

Reactions Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.3390/reactions4040041

Layla M. Gonzales Matushita, Luis Palomino, J. Rodriguez-Reyes

{"title":"Silver Nanoparticles Coated with Recombinant Human Epidermal Growth Factor: Synthesis, Characterization, Liberation and Anti-Escherichia coli Activity","authors":"Layla M. Gonzales Matushita, Luis Palomino, J. Rodriguez-Reyes","doi":"10.3390/reactions4040041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/reactions4040041","url":null,"abstract":"Epithelial tissue regeneration may be favored if the tissue receives both therapeutic agents such as recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) and, simultaneously, antibacterial materials capable of reducing the risk of infections. Herein, we synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which are well-known antibacterial materials, and impregnate them with rhEGF in order to study a bio-nanomaterial of potential interest for epithelial tissue regeneration. A suspension of Ag NPs is prepared by the chemical reduction method, employing sodium citrate as both a reducer and capping agent. The AgNPs suspension is mixed with a saline solution containing rhEGF, producing rhEGF-coated Ag NPs with rhEGF loadings between 0.1 and 0.4% w/w. ELISA assays of supernatants demonstrate that, in all studied cases, over 90% of the added rhEGF forms part of the coating, evidencing a high efficiency in impregnation. During the preparation of rhEGF-coated Ag NPs, no significant changes are observed on the nanoparticles, which are characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and infrared spectroscopy. The liberation of rhEGF in vitro was followed for 72 h, finding that approximately 1% of rhEGF that is present is released. The rhEGF-coated AgNPs shows antibacterial activity against E. coli, although such activity is decreased with respect to that observed from naked AgNPs. Having confirmed the possibility of simultaneously liberating rhEGF and reducing the proliferation of bacteria, this work helps to support the use of rhEGF-loaded metallic nanoparticles for tissue regeneration.","PeriodicalId":20873,"journal":{"name":"Reactions","volume":"31 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139272068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental Control of a Methanol Catalytic Membrane Reformer 甲醇催化膜重整器的实验控制

Reactions Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.3390/reactions4040040

Alejandro Cifuentes, Maria Serra, Ricardo Torres, Jordi Llorca

引用次数: 0

Glycerol Hydrogenolysis to Bio-Propanol: Catalytic Activity and Kinetic Model for Ni/C Modified with Al(H2PO4)3 甘油氢解制生物丙醇:Al(H2PO4)3改性Ni/C的催化活性及动力学模型

Reactions Pub Date : 2023-11-05 DOI: 10.3390/reactions4040039

Martín N. Gatti, Federico M. Perez, Gerardo F. Santori, Francisco Pompeo

{"title":"Glycerol Hydrogenolysis to Bio-Propanol: Catalytic Activity and Kinetic Model for Ni/C Modified with Al(H2PO4)3","authors":"Martín N. Gatti, Federico M. Perez, Gerardo F. Santori, Francisco Pompeo","doi":"10.3390/reactions4040039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/reactions4040039","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present research is to investigate the effect of different operation variables in the hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1-propanol and to develop a simple kinetic model useful for the design of the reactor. For this purpose, a carbon-based composite was impregnated with 4 wt.% of Al(H2PO4)3 (CPAl) and used as a support to prepare a Ni catalyst. The support and the catalyst were characterized by BET, XRD, NMR, potentiometric titration, isopropanol decomposition reaction, TEM and TPR analysis. The catalytic tests were carried out at 220–260 °C and 0.5–4 MPa of H2 initial pressure varying the glycerol concentration in aqueous solutions between 30 and 80 wt.%. The presence of aluminum phosphates in the Ni/CPAl catalyst moderates the surface acidity and the formation of Ni2P leads to a high selectivity towards 1-propanol. In this sense, the Ni/CPAl catalyst showed total glycerol conversion and 74% selectivity towards 1-propanol at 260 °C and 2 MPa of H2 initial pressure using 30 wt.% glycerol aqueous solution and 8 h of reaction time. A slight increase in particle size from 10 to 12 nm was observed after a first reaction cycle, but no changes in acidity and structure were observed. Based on these results, a power-law kinetic model was proposed. For glycerol consumption, partial orders of 0.07, 0.68 and −0.98 were determined with respect to glycerol, H2 and water, and an apparent activation energy of 89 kJ mol−1 was estimated. The results obtained indicate that the model fits the experimental concentration values well and can predict them with an average error of less than 7%.","PeriodicalId":20873,"journal":{"name":"Reactions","volume":"35 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135725304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Conversion of Biomass-Derived Molecules into Alkyl Levulinates Using Heterogeneous Catalysts 利用多相催化剂将生物质衍生分子转化为乙酰丙酸烷基酯

Reactions Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.3390/reactions4040038

Nobutaka Yamanaka, Shogo Shimazu

{"title":"Conversion of Biomass-Derived Molecules into Alkyl Levulinates Using Heterogeneous Catalysts","authors":"Nobutaka Yamanaka, Shogo Shimazu","doi":"10.3390/reactions4040038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/reactions4040038","url":null,"abstract":"Alkyl levulinates are promising and versatile biomass-derived chemicals, which are utilized as fuel additives, flavoring agents, fragrances, solvents, and precursors for synthesizing valuable γ-valerolactone. A method for synthesizing alkyl levulinates involves the esterification of levulinic acid with the corresponding alkyl alcohols in the presence of solid acid catalysts that have abundant Brønsted acid sites. Alkyl levulinates can also be synthesized from other biomass-derived molecules such as furfuryl alcohol and furfural via alcoholysis and one-pot conversion, respectively. Thus far, various heterogeneous catalysts have been developed for the conversion of the biomass-derived molecules (levulinic acid, furfuryl alcohol, and furfural) into alkyl levulinates. To obtain the target products in high yields, numerous strategies have been employed including increasing Brønsted acidity, dispersing and incorporating Brønsted acid sites, inducing the formation of mesopores, and inducing a synergistic effect of metal–Brønsted acid sites that are present on a catalyst surface. Here, we summarily reviewed the performances of the heterogeneous catalysts in the conversions, describing the design and development of the heterogeneous catalysts that ensured the excellent yield of alkyl levulinates.","PeriodicalId":20873,"journal":{"name":"Reactions","volume":"150 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135271495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reaction of Bis(cyclopentadienyl)diaryltitaniums with Terminal Alkynes 钯催化双(环戊二烯基)二芳基钛与末端炔的交叉偶联反应

Reactions Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.3390/reactions4040037

Yuki Murata, Yuya Nishi, Mio Matsumura, Shuji Yasuike

{"title":"Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reaction of Bis(cyclopentadienyl)diaryltitaniums with Terminal Alkynes","authors":"Yuki Murata, Yuya Nishi, Mio Matsumura, Shuji Yasuike","doi":"10.3390/reactions4040037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/reactions4040037","url":null,"abstract":"Organotitanium compounds find application in diverse reactions, including carbon–carbon bond formation and oxidation. While titanium (IV) compounds have been used in various applications, the potential of bis(cyclopentadienyl)diaryltitanium in cross-coupling reactions remains unexplored. This study focuses on Sonogashira-type cross-coupling reactions involving terminal alkynes and organotitanium compounds. Diaryltitanocenes were synthesized using titanocene dichloride with lithium intermediates derived from aryl iodide. Under open-flask conditions, reactions of diphenyltitanocenes with ethynylbenzene in the presence of 20 mol% Pd(OAc)2 in DMF produced coupling products in a remarkable 99% yield. Various diaryltitanocenes and alkynes under standard conditions yielded corresponding cross-coupling products with moderate to good yields. Notably, the Sonogashira-type alkynylation proceeds under mild conditions, including open-flask conditions, and without the need for a base. Furthermore, this cross-coupling is atom-economical and involves the active participation of both aryl groups of the diaryltitanocene. Remarkably, this study presents the first example of a Sonogashira-type cross-coupling using titanium compounds as pseudo-halides.","PeriodicalId":20873,"journal":{"name":"Reactions","volume":"7 2-3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135728782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inversely Finding Peculiar Reaction Conditions toward Microfluidic Droplet Synthesis 反求微流控液滴合成的特殊反应条件

Reactions Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.3390/reactions4040036

Takashiro Akitsu

{"title":"Inversely Finding Peculiar Reaction Conditions toward Microfluidic Droplet Synthesis","authors":"Takashiro Akitsu","doi":"10.3390/reactions4040036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/reactions4040036","url":null,"abstract":"With the development of microfluidics, there are increasing reports of syntheses using not only conventional laminar flow at the microscale, but also the dissociation and aggregation of microdroplets. It is known, to some extent, that the microfluidics scale differs from normal scales in terms of the specific surface area, mass diffusion, and heat conduction; these are opposite to those in scale-up in-plant chemical engineering. However, it is not easy to determine what changes when the microdroplet flows through the channel. In this context, the author would like to clarify how the behavior of chemical species, which is expected to appear unique at the nanoscale, contributes to chemical reactions. What do we need in order to develop a completely new theory of chemical reactions? The characteristics of chemical reactions on the nanoscale are clarified via the encountering of solutions by the microfluidic device itself, or the chemical reaction of nanoscale droplets generated by the microfluidic device. Specifically, in recent years, experimental reports have accumulated that are expected to develop a fluidic device that can stably generate nanodroplets, and complex reactions of different reactivity are expected to occur that are specific to the nanoscale. In this short article, microfluidic devices, nanoscale droplets, experimental synthetic examples, and findings that may provide solutions are described.","PeriodicalId":20873,"journal":{"name":"Reactions","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136115575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Confinement of LiAlH4 in a Mesoporous Carbon Black for Improved Near-Ambient Release of H2 介孔炭黑对LiAlH4的约束改善H2的近环境释放

Reactions Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.3390/reactions4040035

Pavle Ramah, Rasmus Palm, Kenneth Tuul, Jaan Aruväli, Martin Månsson, Enn Lust

{"title":"Confinement of LiAlH4 in a Mesoporous Carbon Black for Improved Near-Ambient Release of H2","authors":"Pavle Ramah, Rasmus Palm, Kenneth Tuul, Jaan Aruväli, Martin Månsson, Enn Lust","doi":"10.3390/reactions4040035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/reactions4040035","url":null,"abstract":"LiAlH4 is a potential solid-state H2 storage material, where safe and efficient H2 storage is of critical importance for the transition towards a sustainable emission-free economy. To improve the H2 release and storage properties of LiAlH4, confinement in porous media decreases the temperature of H2 release and improves the kinetics, where considerably improved H2 release properties are accompanied by a loss in the total amount of H2 released. The capability of mesoporous carbon black to improve the H2 storage properties of confined LiAlH4 is investigated with temperature-programmed desorption and time-stability measurements using X-ray diffraction and N2 gas adsorption measurements to characterize the composite materials’ composition and structure. Here, we present the capability of commercial carbon black to effectively lower the onset temperature of H2 release to that of near-ambient, ≥295 K. In addition, the confinement in mesoporous carbon black destabilized LiAlH4 to a degree that during ≤14 days in storage, under Ar atmosphere and at ambient temperature, 40% of the theoretically contained H2 was lost due to decomposition. Thus, we present the possibility of destabilizing LiAlH4 to a very high degree and, thus, avoiding the melting step before H2 release at around 440 K using scaffold materials with fine-tuned porosities.","PeriodicalId":20873,"journal":{"name":"Reactions","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136208611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transformations of Glycerol into High-Value-Added Chemical Products: Ketalization and Esterification Reactions 甘油转化为高附加值化工产品:烷基化和酯化反应

Reactions Pub Date : 2023-10-08 DOI: 10.3390/reactions4040034

Federico M. Perez, Martin N. Gatti, Gerardo F. Santori, Francisco Pompeo

{"title":"Transformations of Glycerol into High-Value-Added Chemical Products: Ketalization and Esterification Reactions","authors":"Federico M. Perez, Martin N. Gatti, Gerardo F. Santori, Francisco Pompeo","doi":"10.3390/reactions4040034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/reactions4040034","url":null,"abstract":"Biomass allows us to obtain energy and high-value-added compounds through the use of different physical and chemical processes. The glycerol obtained as a by-product in the synthesis of biodiesel is considered a biomass compound that has the potential to be used as a raw material to obtain different chemical products for industry. The development and growth of the biodiesel industry allows for the projection of glycerol biorefineries around these plants that efficiently and sustainably integrate the biodiesel production process together with the glycerol transformation processes. This work presents a review of the ketalization and esterification of glycerol to obtain solketal and acetylglycerols, which are considered products of high added value for the chemical and fuel industry. First, the general aspects and mechanisms of both reactions are presented, as well as the related chemical equilibrium concepts. Subsequently, the catalysts employed are described, classifying them according to their catalytic nature (zeolites, carbons, exchange resins, etc.). The reaction conditions used are also described, and the best results for each catalytic system are presented. In addition, stability studies and the main deactivation mechanisms are discussed. Finally, the work presents the kinetic models that have been formulated to date for some of these systems. It is expected that this review work will serve as a tool for the advancement of studies on the ketalization and esterification reactions that allow for the projection of biorefineries based on glycerol as a raw material.","PeriodicalId":20873,"journal":{"name":"Reactions","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135251447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multicomponent Reactions Promoted by Ecocatalyst from Metal Hyperaccumulating Plant Pluchea sagittalis 金属超富集植物矢车菊生态催化剂促进多组分反应

Reactions Pub Date : 2023-10-07 DOI: 10.3390/reactions4040033

Leonardo H. R. Alponti, Monize Picinini, Ernesto A. Urquieta-Gonzalez, Caroline S. da Silva, Simone Y. S. Silva, Sebastião C. Silva, Marilene N. de Oliveira, Juliana Viera, Maria Fatima das G. F. da Silva, Arlene G. Corrêa

引用次数: 0