Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Psychological Adaptation Issues and Nursing Strategies for Elderly Middle-Aged and Older Adults Patients with Diabetes.","authors":"Chunhua Diao","doi":"10.5152/pcp.2025.251080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5152/pcp.2025.251080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background: To investigate the effects of a comprehensive nursing intervention program oriented toward psychological adaptation on blood glucose control, psychological status, and self-management capabilities in middle-aged and elderly diabetic patients and to analyze the correlations between patients' psychological status, glycemic control, and self-management ability. Methods: A total of 104 middle-aged and elderly diabetic patients were selected and randomly divided into a control group (n=50) and an intervention group (n=54) using a random number table. The control group received routine nursing intervention, including basic health education, blood glucose monitoring guidance, standardized dietary planning, and exercise instruction. The intervention group received an additional psychological adaptation-oriented comprehensive nursing program, comprising individualized disease management, multi-level psychosocial support, family support system construction (a quaternary model integrating patient-family-medical staff-community), and staged self-management capability training. The intervention period was 6 months, with assessments conducted at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months post intervention. The Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) were used to evaluate psychological status, while the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) assessed self-management ability. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were monitored. Medication adherence was evaluated using the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8), and follow-up rates were recorded. Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess relationships between variables. Results: After 6 months of intervention, the intervention group showed significantly lower SDS scores (41.25 ± 8.43 vs 51.86 ± 9.12, P < .001) and SAS scores (40.62 ± 7.83 vs 50.84 ± 7.98, P < .001) compared to the control group. The intervention group demonstrated higher SDSCA scores (71.85 ± 6.42 vs 61.85 ± 7.26, P < .001) than the control group. HbA1c levels (7.21 ± 0.78% vs 7.73 ± 0.84%, P < .001) and FPG (7.13 ± 0.68 vs 7.82 ± 0.76 mmol/L, P < .001) were significantly lower in the intervention group. Medication adherence (MMAS-8 ≥ 6 points: 88.89% vs 72.00%, P=.008) and follow-up completion rates (92.59% vs 78.00%, P=.018) were superior in the intervention group. Correlation analysis revealed significant associations between patients' psychological status and both glycemic control (r=0.465- 0.486, P < .05) and self-management ability (r =-0.512 to -0.534, P < .01). Conclusion: A psychological adaptation-oriented comprehensive nursing intervention program effectively improves psychological status, enhances self-management ability, and optimizes glycemic control in middle-aged and elderly diabetic patients. The close correlation between patients' psychological status, glycemic control, and self-management ability suggests that psychological intervention s","PeriodicalId":20847,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145192746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Causal Relationships Between Psychiatric Disorders and Diabetic Retinopathy: A Mendelian Randomization Study.","authors":"Qi Hu, Zhuoyu Hu, Zhimin Liu, Xiangdong Chen","doi":"10.5152/pcp.2025.251164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5152/pcp.2025.251164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major complication of diabetes that leads to vision impairment and blindness. This study aims to assess the causal relationships between genetically predicted psychiatric disorders and DR risk, as well as the reverse causal effect of DR on psychiatric disorders. Methods: A 2-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted using genetic variants from large-scale genome-wide association studies as instrumental variables. Exposures included genetically predicted anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), personality disorders, and schizophrenia. Causal effects were assessed using inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger, and weighted median methods while addressing pleiotropy and confounding. Results: The MR analysis identified ADHD as a significant protective factor for DR (odds ratio [OR]=0.913, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.870-0.957, P < .001). No evidence of a causal relationship was found between DR and other psychiatric disorders, including bipolar disorder (P=.335), depression (P=.188), OCD (P=.931), personality disorders (P=.465), schizophrenia (P=.314), or genetically predicted anxiety (P=.374). Additionally, reverse MR analysis found no evidence that DR causally influences mental health disorders. Conclusion: These findings suggest that ADHD may exert a protective causal effect on the risk of diabetic retinopathy, underscoring the need to further investigate ADHD-related neuroendocrine and vascular mechanisms in DR pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":20847,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145192696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Individualized Psychological Nursing on Quality of Life in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus.","authors":"Lijuan Zhang","doi":"10.5152/pcp.2025.251072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5152/pcp.2025.251072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background: The aim of this study was to explore the influence of individualized psychological nursing on the quality of life in patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods: A single-center cohort study with an ambispective design was conducted. According to a 1:1 ratio, the retrospective cohort included 48 patients from January 2022 to December 2022, which was the control group (CG), and the prospective cohort included 48 patients from January 2023 to December 2023, which was the intervention group (IG). The IG carried out individualized psychological intervention on the basis of routine nursing. The blood glucose control status, blood lipid metabolism indicators, negative emotions, self-management ability, and quality of life were compared between groups. The correlation between negative emotions, self-management ability, and quality of life as well as mediating effect test were analyzed. Results: After 6 months of follow-up, the differences of fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2hPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), and triglyceride before and after intervention in IG were higher than those in CG (P < .05). The scores of Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), and Diabetes Specific Quality of Life Scale (DSQL) in IG after 6 weeks and 12 weeks of intervention and after 6 months of follow-up were lower than those in CG while the score of the Type 2 Diabetes Self-Care Scale (2DSCS) was higher than that in CG (P < .05). The SAS and SDS were positively correlated with DSQL (P < .001), and 2DSCS was negatively correlated with DSQL (P < .001). The SAS and SDS played a partial mediating role between 2DSCS and DSQL, and their mediating effects accounted for 23.08% and 18.25% of the total effects respectively. Conclusion: Individualized psychological nursing can improve the negative emotions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and enhance self-management ability and quality of life. Negative emotions play a partial mediating role between self-management ability and quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":20847,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Network Meta-Analysis of the Effects of the Choice of Exercise Mode on the Character of Children and Adolescents.","authors":"Lulu Dong, Binghai Ke, Liang Chen","doi":"10.5152/pcp.2025.251129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5152/pcp.2025.251129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background: To compare the effects of different exercise modalities on personality development in children and adolescents, providing support for the design of physical education programs. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 1950 and 2023 were retrieved from the Web of Science, PubMed, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases. Quality assessment was conducted using Review Manager 5.3, and network meta-analysis was performed using R Studio/Addis 1.16.6. Results: The effects varied by age group. Children: Combined exercise-cognition training was most effective in reducing anxiety and depression; game-based activities enhanced vitality. Adolescents: Tai Chi and yoga reduced anxiety, while fitness training improved vitality. Conclusion: Psychology-movement training (PMT) significantly alleviates anxiety and depression in children (50-60 minutes/session, ≥6 months) but may exacerbate depressive symptoms in adolescents. Tai Chi/yoga combined with aerobic/strength exercises reduces anxiety in adolescents. Aerobic/ strength training (4 sessions per week, 25-30 minutes per session, 50%-85% HRmax) boosts vitality and reduces hostility. Game-based activities and moderate Tai Chi/yoga (5 sessions per week, ≥30 minutes per session) significantly enhance vitality. Team training improves athletic competence but has no significant effect on emotional outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20847,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brief Manual for Multi-Modal Motion-Assisted Memory Desensitization and Reconsolidation Therapy for the Treatment of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder.","authors":"Eric Vermetten, Lisa Burback, Phillip R Sevigny, Mirjam J Nijdam, Olga Winkler, Emmanuel Espejo, Pinata Sessoms, Katherine Bright, Michael J Roy, Suzette Brémault-Phillip","doi":"10.5152/pcp.2025.241028","DOIUrl":"10.5152/pcp.2025.241028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multi-Modal Motion-Assisted Memory Desensitization and Reconsolidation (3MDR) is an innovative exposure-based immersive psychotherapeutic intervention for the treatment of post-traumatic conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other related trauma disorders. This manual reviews the theoretical foundations, protocol, and key therapeutic processes of 3MDR, emphasizing its applicability across clinical and research settings. Developed to overcome barriers to traditional trauma-focused psychotherapies, 3MDR combines immersive virtual reality (VR), motion-assisted engagement, and personalized trauma cues to facilitate memory processing and emotional reconsolidation. The 3MDR integrates VR technology, treadmill-assisted movement, and dual-attention tasks to create a dynamic and interactive therapeutic environment. The intervention consists of 3 phases: pre-platform preparation, platform exposure, and post-platform reconsolidation, allowing for structured and progressive trauma processing. Patients engage with self-selected trauma-related images and music, guided by a therapist, to confront distressing memories, reduce avoidance, and foster emotional regulation. The dual-attention task and affect labeling enhance cognitive and emotional integration, while walking promotes a sense of agency and movement through trauma. Clinical research demonstrates 3MDR's efficacy in reducing PTSD symptoms, depression, and anxiety, with high acceptability and low dropout rates among military personnel, veterans, and first responders. Emerging evidence suggests its adaptability for diverse populations, including civilians and individuals with complex trauma histories. This manual provides detailed guidance for implementing 3MDR, underscoring the importance of therapist training, ethical considerations, and continued research to optimize its application and expand access to this promising intervention. This manual should be seen as a companion and not a replacement for training.</p>","PeriodicalId":20847,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":"35 Suppl 1","pages":"S122-S134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12410239/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linguistic Analysis of Patients' Labels During 3MDR Psychotherapy.","authors":"Eric Vermetten, Samantha Barcaro, Emmanuel Espejo, Paula Bellini, Michael J Roy, Suzette Bremault-Phillips","doi":"10.5152/pcp.2025.241024","DOIUrl":"10.5152/pcp.2025.241024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background: This study explores the role of linguistic labels expressed by patients during Motion-assisted Multi-modal Memory Desensitisation and Reconsolidation (3MDR) therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Labels represent a patient's key emotional, cognitive, and physical reactions to images associated with traumatic experiences. By analyzing labels, the goal is to provide insights into their progress throughout the therapeutic process. Methods: Data were collected from 6 patients who underwent 3MDR therapy across 6 sessions. A total of 1060 labels associated with trauma-related images were analyzed, with 91.3% of the data included after excluding irrelevant or ambiguous responses. Patient-generated labels were categorized and analyzed based on emotional tone, somatosensory processes, verb tense, and word count. The Friedman test was used to perform the statistical analysis. In case of significance, further comparisons were performed with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: The linguistic analysis revealed observable trends in patient progress. Use of present verb tense increased, indicating a shift towards present-moment awareness. Sentence word count also steadily increased, reflecting patients' improved ability to articulate their emotions. Results of positive and negative emotional tone, past and future verb tense usage, somatosensory processes, and single words were not significant, suggesting that further exploration of these aspects with a larger dataset could give further insights into their importance. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that linguistic analysis of patient-generated labels during 3MDR therapy can offer valuable insights into patient progress. The findings suggest that as therapy progresses, patients become more expressive and articulate, and are able to live more in the present. Further research with larger datasets is recommended to better understand the role of language in PTSD therapy and its potential for predicting therapeutic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20847,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":"35 Suppl 1","pages":"S29-S35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12410231/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial Appreciation: Special Issue on Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorders Published in Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology (PCP).","authors":"Eric Vermetten, Andrew Greenshaw, Mihriban Heval Özgen","doi":"10.5152/pcp.2025.250805","DOIUrl":"10.5152/pcp.2025.250805","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20847,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":"35 Suppl 1","pages":"S1-S2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12410230/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Augmented Reality 3MDR Therapy for the Treatment of PTSD and Comorbid Moral Injury: A Case Study.","authors":"Annabel Lee Raboy, Van Dehy Jacob, Paula Bellini, Vrajeshri Ordek, Pinata Sessoms, Eric Vermetten, Michael J Roy","doi":"10.5152/pcp.2025.24989","DOIUrl":"10.5152/pcp.2025.24989","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rates of veteran suicide, post-traumatic stress, and moral injury remain alarmingly high and continue to rise. While virtual reality and augmented reality technologies have shown promise in improving post- traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) severity, research on these innovative methods is still limited. Multi- modal memory desensitization and reconsolidation (3MDR), a cutting-edge therapy that combines Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy or Augmented Reality Exposure Therapy with a \"walk and talk\" therapy, has demonstrated significant potential in enhancing participant engagement and substantially reducing symptoms of PTSD and moral injury among combat veterans. This case study highlights the novel use of 3MDR with an augmented reality head-mounted display for treating combat-related PTSD and moral injury, offering a new perspective on addressing these critical issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":20847,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":"35 Suppl 1","pages":"S176-S183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12410234/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Distribution of Mental Disorders at Inpatient Psychiatry Service of a Large Military Hospital in Ukraine.","authors":"Oleg Druz, Oleg Chaban, Iryna Frankova, Sofiia Lahutina, Oksana Lyzak, Serhii Kyryliuk, Olena Khaustova","doi":"10.5152/pcp.2025.24871","DOIUrl":"10.5152/pcp.2025.24871","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background: In recent years, dramatic political changes and the ensuing war in Ukraine have led to a significant increase in the number of stress-related disorders, in particular among military personnel. The study was designed to evaluate the prevalence and distribution of mental health disorders among the Ukrainian military referred to inpatient assessment and treatment at a large military psychiatric hospital located in Kyiv, Ukraine. Methods: The study was a retrospective analysis of 9109 inpatient admissions to the psychiatric clinic of national military medical clinical centre in Kyiv, Ukraine, between January 2014 and December 2018. Most of the patients were contracted military service officers, 2014-2018. Results: The population suffered from a wide range of mental illnesses. Neurotic, stress-related, and somatoform disorders were predominant among the officers, while psychotic disorders, personality disorders, and mental retardation were prevalent among the conscripts. In 2016-2018, the nosological structure of mental disorders remained stable with the highest prevalence of stress-related and somatoform disorders, except a decrease in substance use disorders and an increase in psychotic disorders. Among the outpatients discharged (n = 128) in 2017-2018, the majority had sleep disturbances and flashbacks (73%); anxiety and irritability (84%); and suffered from fatigue and low mood (80.9%). The level of satisfaction with the social benefits and support from the authorities of the veterans was extremely low (7.4%). Conclusion: The study revealed the impact of war trauma on the mental health of the service members, necessitating the development of specific preventive measures and digital mental health tools to support military personnel resource shortages and stigma.</p>","PeriodicalId":20847,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":"35 Suppl 1","pages":"S47-S56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12410244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolving Psychotherapeutic Approaches for PTSD: Beyond the Fear-Based Model.","authors":"Lisa Burback, Olga Winkler, Rakesh Jetly, Jennifer Swainson, Yanbo Zhang, Venkat Bhat, Eric Vermetten","doi":"10.5152/pcp.2025.241019","DOIUrl":"10.5152/pcp.2025.241019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditional trauma-focused psychotherapies (TFPs) were developed based on an anxiety disorder model of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, PTSD is a more complex disorder with heterogeneous onset, presentation, trajectory, and treatment responsivity. As half of treated patients do not respond to first-line treatments, innovative therapies are emerging to improve outcomes. This narrative review of therapist-delivered psychotherapies for PTSD focuses on interventions not yet endorsed by clinical guidelines. A systematic search of MEDLINE and American Psychological Association PsycINFO was conducted for English-language human clinical studies, guidelines, and reviews related to PTSD psychotherapy through June 29, 2024. Data were thematically analyzed, focusing on how emerging interventions modify or diverge from current guideline-recommended treatments. The review identified 4 key themes for improving trauma therapy: (1) optimizing existing TFPs, (2) adapting psychotherapies used for other conditions, (3) reimagining exposure therapies, and (4) new therapeutic modalities. New exposure treatments include those capitalizing on memory reconsolidation science, combination with pharmacotherapies, neuromodulation, or virtual reality technologies, and mind-body and somatic psychotherapies. Moral injury, identity, and spirituality-focused therapies aim to resolve intense internal conflicts, guilt and shame, and issues of meaning and purpose. Finally, multi-modal treatments like 3MDR and psychedelic-assisted psychotherapies have multiple synergistic mechanisms. Ongoing research will be crucial to validating emerging approaches and optimizing their combined potential. A PTSD staging model may provide a structured framework for rigorous empirical evaluation and clinical implementation. Future research should prioritize randomized controlled trials with diverse patient populations and long-term follow-up to ensure their safety, efficacy, and scalability.</p>","PeriodicalId":20847,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":"35 Suppl 1","pages":"S152-S167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12410240/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}