Psychiatry Research最新文献

{"title":"Management of somatic comorbidities in psychiatric emergencies: Insights from a real-world cohort study","authors":"Martin Schulze Westhoff ,&nbsp;Tim Reimers ,&nbsp;Johannes Heck ,&nbsp;Torben Brod ,&nbsp;Stefan Bleich ,&nbsp;Adrian Groh ,&nbsp;Sebastian Schröder","doi":"10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The presence of somatic comorbidities alongside psychiatric emergencies (PEs) has a significant impact on treatment and prognosis. While there is evidence for benefits of psychiatric consultation services on diverse patient-specific outcome parameters, the role of internal medicine consultations in psychiatry, particularly in emergency departments (EDs), remains understudied.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective cohort study examined internal medicine consultations in 525 of 12,920 initially screened PE cases treated in a psychiatric ED of a German university hospital between January 2019 and December 2023. Treatment was jointly provided by psychiatric and internal medicine physicians under specialist supervision. Data included demographics, psychiatric diagnoses, consultation reasons, recommended diagnostics, medication changes, and whether internal medicine assumed primary care.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Frequent consultation reasons included alcohol intoxication, abdominal/gastric pain, electrolyte disturbances, and infections. Internal medicine often recommended further diagnostics, specialist consultations, and medication adjustments. In 16.8 % of cases, internal medicine assumed primary responsibility. Intoxication with prescribed medication was significantly associated with such a transfer (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), with trends for alcohol intoxication and liver dysfunction. In contrast, abdominal/gastric pain was associated with continued psychiatric care (<em>p</em> = 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study highlights that although only a small proportion of all PE cases were transferred to internal medicine, such transfers were common among those seen by internal medicine. This highlights the clinical importance of somatic complications in selected patients and the need for internal medicine consultation, particularly for intoxication. Standard guidelines for managing somatic complications in PE are needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20819,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 116630"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pain threshold and pain tolerance in young people with self-injurious behavior: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Moa Pontén ,&nbsp;Maria Lee ,&nbsp;Samantha Khoo ,&nbsp;Georg Nilsson ,&nbsp;Erik Nevin ,&nbsp;Ylva Walldén ,&nbsp;Dennis Ougrin ,&nbsp;Tatum M. Cummins ,&nbsp;Oskar Flygare ,&nbsp;Johan Bjureberg","doi":"10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116638","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116638","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Aims</h3><div>Pain sensitivity has been proposed as a contributing factor to self-injurious behavior (SIB). Meta-analytic results show that individuals with SIB have lower pain sensitivity than healthy controls (HC). However, these findings are primarily based on adult populations. SIB typically begins in the early teen years and is most prevalent among youth. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to quantify the association of SIB and pain thresholds and pain tolerance in young people aged 10 to 24 years.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We performed a systematic search of the literature (MEDLINE, Web of Science Core Collection and PsycINFO) up until 10 December 2024. Titles, abstracts, and full texts were independently screened by multiple reviewers. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed on two pain-related outcomes: pain threshold and pain tolerance. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guideline was followed. Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 5200 screened studies, 221 full-text articles were retrieved whereof 8 studies fulfilled the criteria (n=592). Participants ranged from 10 to 22 years. Meta-analysis demonstrated statistically significantly higher pain threshold (Hedges’ g = 0.79, 95 % CI [0.13, 1.46]) in individuals with SIB compared to HC and no statistically significant difference in pain tolerance (Hedges’ g = 0.39, 95 % CI [-0.02; 0.79], p = 0.056).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Young people with SIB demonstrate higher pain thresholds compared to healthy controls, suggesting that lower sensitivity to painful stimulation may be a risk factor for SIB across developmental stages. Future studies should examine whether this association is independent of psychiatric comorbidity and other confounding factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20819,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 116638"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144702674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational linguistic investigation in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders","authors":"Berat Arslan ,&nbsp;Elif Kizilay ,&nbsp;Yaren Ecesu Turan ,&nbsp;Burcu Verim ,&nbsp;Cemal Demirlek ,&nbsp;Muhammed Demir ,&nbsp;Özge İlhan ,&nbsp;Ezgi Cesim ,&nbsp;Emre Bora","doi":"10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Computational linguistic analysis has been increasingly used to capture formal thought disorder in schizophrenia. Despite promising outcomes, investigations of the computational linguistic disturbances of schizophrenia in a transdiagnostic context are limited. Particularly, shared characteristics, neurodevelopmental origins, and the role of speech in the diagnosis of schizophrenia and autism indicate a need to explore both the commonalities and distinctions in the computational linguistic profiles of these groups. In this study, we investigated the semantic and structural properties of speech samples of 35 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder, 25 patients with autism spectrum disorder, and 25 healthy controls in free speech and picture description tasks. Our findings showed that only 5 of 45 features differed between the clinical groups. All of these were from the structural domain, while semantic features did not differ between these neurodevelopmental disorders. The clinical groups demonstrated elevated local and global semantic similarity, and negative sentiment compared to controls. Moreover, the speech of autism spectrum disorder included lower unique word frequency in picture description, alongside shorter pronouns and adverbs in free speech relative to other groups. Schizophrenia spectrum disorder used shorter adjectives than autism spectrum disorder and controls in free speech. Importantly, adjective frequency in schizophrenia spectrum disorder was lower than in autism spectrum disorder in free speech. Overall, our findings demonstrated an extensive dominance of similar computational linguistic traits between schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders, indicating shared communication disturbances in these disorders. This outcome highlights the critical role of transdiagnostic and neurodevelopmental perspectives in computational linguistic investigations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20819,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 116633"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144611651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fibromyalgia and post-traumatic stress disorder: A systematic review","authors":"Amaia Aguirre de Cárcer Vidal ,&nbsp;María Frenzi Rabito Alcón ,&nbsp;Eva Izquierdo Sotorrío","doi":"10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116635","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116635","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Fibromyalgia (FM) is considered an idiopathic condition characterised by diffuse and chronic musculoskeletal pain. Emerging evidence suggests that exposure to traumatic events may be associated with an increased likelihood of developing this multifaceted disorder. This systematic review examines the role of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the etiology and progression of FM, aiming to synthesise findings from published literature on the PTSD-FM association over the past thirty years.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Relevant studies published between 1993 and 2023 were identified through a comprehensive search of the PubMed, ProQuest, and Scopus databases. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, yielding a final selection of 20 articles. These studies were assessed based on their methodological quality, as well as the relevance of their objectives, sample populations, and findings.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results indicate an association between FM and PTSD, with some evidence linking PTSD to greater FM symptom severity. Limited evidence also suggests an association between PTSD and increased likelihood of FM development.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings highlight the need for an interdisciplinary, biopsychosocial approach to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of FM and PTSD. Methodological limitations were identified across the included studies, such as the absence of a biopsychosocial perspective, reliance on self-reported PTSD assessments, small and unrepresentative samples, and inconsistent control of psychological factors. Future research should adopt rigorous diagnostic methods, incorporate biopsychosocial frameworks, use larger and more representative samples, and employ longitudinal designs to enhance generalisability and deepen understanding of the relationship between PTSD and FM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20819,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 116635"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal associations between melancholic depression and executive function in adult patients with major depressive disorder: a 12-month follow-up study","authors":"Guillem Navarra-Ventura ,&nbsp;Pau Riera-Serra ,&nbsp;Adoración Castro ,&nbsp;Juan José Montaño ,&nbsp;Miquel Roca ,&nbsp;Margalida Gili","doi":"10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Major depressive disorder (MDD) is often associated with deficits in executive function, but the long-term cognitive impact of specific depressive subtypes, in particular melancholic depression (MelD), is underexplored. This is the first prospective study aimed at exploring longitudinal associations between MelD and executive function in adult patients with MDD. This is a secondary analysis using data from a larger project with assessments at baseline, 6 and 12 months. MelD was identified using an algorithm derived from a subset of eight items from the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self Rated, which provides a standardized framework for the identification of this specific depressive subtype. Executive function was assessed using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. Longitudinal associations between MelD and executive function, including a global domain, four subdomains (working memory, planning, response inhibition and decision-making), and eight individual variables used to calculate the composite scores of the five (sub)domains, were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models adjusted for demographic and clinical variables and psychomotor speed. One hundred and five patients (20.95 % MelD) were analyzed at baseline, 73 (17.81 % MelD) at 6 months, and 61 (19.67 % MelD) at 12 months. MelD, older age and female sex were significantly associated with worse performance in the global executive function domain, in the working memory subdomain, and in four individual variables within the working memory, planning and decision-making subdomains, independent of other demographic and clinical variables and psychomotor speed. The findings highlight MelD as a distinct risk factor for worse long-term executive function in adult patients with MDD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20819,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 116636"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144597120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships between cognition and symptoms across mood and psychotic disorders","authors":"Stephanie A. Gombas ,&nbsp;Erin K. Moran ,&nbsp;Deanna M. Barch","doi":"10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cognitive impairments are common across mood and psychotic disorders; however, it is unclear whether different diagnoses show the same level of impairment. Further, it is unclear whether cognition is related to similar symptom domains across diagnostic groups. Differences in working memory, processing speed, vocabulary, and cognitive control were examined in schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and healthy controls (HC). We examined relationships between these cognitive domains and the symptom domains of psychosis, negative symptoms, disorganization, and depression. In regards to group differences in cognition, people with SCZ showed reductions across all cognitive domains examined relative to HC, BD, and MDD. MDD showed no group differences in any domain relative to HC. BD showed reductions in cognitive control relative to HC. In SCZ, processing speed and vocabulary were significantly related to negative symptoms and working memory showed a strong trend in relation to negative symptoms as well. However, in BD, negative symptoms were only related to cognitive control. There were no correlations between other major symptom domains and cognition in any patient group. While different diagnostic groups may share some cognitive deficits, cognitive functioning does not have the same relationships to symptoms across diagnoses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20819,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 116628"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144653946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive effort-based decision making in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: Associations with clinical symptoms and cognitive performance","authors":"Logan D. Leathem ,&nbsp;Deanna M. Barch ,&nbsp;Erin K. Moran ,&nbsp;Pooja K. Patel ,&nbsp;Michael F. Green ,&nbsp;Jonathan K. Wynn","doi":"10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116629","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Individuals frequently make decisions about how much cognitive effort to expend for specific tasks. For a given reward, individuals with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder choose to exert less effort than comparison subjects, which contributes to motivational deficits common in these disorders. One component of motivation is an analysis in which potential rewards are discounted by the costs, such as effort, associated with that reward. Impairments in such a cost/benefit analysis are associated with cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Prior work using mathematical discounting functions has modeled how individuals evaluate rewards against delay and probability costs, but no study has modeled effort-based discounting in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Using the Cognitive Effort Discounting task (CogED), the shape and slope of effort discounting curves was modeled across three groups of Veterans: those with schizophrenia (<em>n</em> = 35) those with bipolar disorder (<em>n</em> = 23) and controls (<em>n</em> = 32). Veterans with schizophrenia displayed a blunted discounting curve compared with controls and those with bipolar disorder, driven, in part, by the schizophrenia group assigning smaller subjective values to low effort, high reward tasks. Discounting rate was related to cognitive performance in both schizophrenia and bipolar patients, such that greater cognitive ability was associated with steeper discounting. The use of discounting models extends our understanding of effort-based decision-making in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and supports the role of cognitive impairment as a contributor to decision making abnormalities in the two disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20819,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 116629"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144597119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of LSD in the treatment of mental and substance use disorders: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials","authors":"Maria Helha Fernandes-Nascimento ,&nbsp;Priscila Weber ,&nbsp;André Brooking Negrão","doi":"10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116622","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116622","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>LSD (lysergic Acid Diethylamide), a psychedelic compound, has been investigated in recent studies for the treatment of mental disorders. We analyzed the efficacy and safety of LSD in the treatment of mental disorders and substance use disorders in adult patients. We searched Embase, PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library, CENTRAL, BVS, EBSCO, Epistemonikos, and the grey literature for double-blind randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE tool. Heterogeneity was assessed with I² statistics and Cochran's Q test, and random-effects models were used. A funnel plot was generated to assess publication bias, and R was used for statistical analysis. We initially identified 3133 publications and included 11 trials with 682 participants diagnosed with substance use disorders, anxiety, or depression. LSD was associated with a small but statistically significant effect for substance use disorders (SMD = 0.19 [0.06; 0.32], <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01), with no observed heterogeneity (I² = 0 %). Notably, 45 % of the studies did not report adverse events, indicating the need for further studies to draw definitive conclusions. Serious adverse events were reported in only one study. The effectiveness of LSD appears to vary significantly depending on the type of mental disorder treated. Results suggest a positive effect on substance use disorders. High heterogeneity requires caution and highlights the need for more double-blind RCTs. Most included RCTs were conducted in the 1960s and 1970s, with only three studies conducted in more recent years. It underscores the need for high-quality contemporary research to strengthen evidence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20819,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 116622"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validated eating disorder screening tools for paediatric populations: A systematic review","authors":"Maya Jabs ,&nbsp;Jamie-Lee Pennesi ,&nbsp;Simone Baillie ,&nbsp;Phillipa Hay ,&nbsp;Deborah Mitchison ,&nbsp;Lyza Norton ,&nbsp;Katarina Prnjak ,&nbsp;Tracey D. Wade ,&nbsp;Laura Hart","doi":"10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116631","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116631","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Importance</h3><div>The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a rise in paediatric eating disorder (ED) cases, highlighting the need for validated screening tools, particularly for pre-adolescent children, to enable early detection.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This review aims to systematically evaluate the validation and psychometric properties of screening tools for assessing EDs in the paediatric population, with a focus on pre-adolescents (under 12 years).</div></div><div><h3>Evidence Review</h3><div>A systematic search of Medline (OVID) and PsycInfo (OVID) databases was conducted following Cochrane Rapid Review Guidelines, registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023465366). Studies were selected based on seven criteria, including ED diagnoses (anorexia nervosa, avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder) in children under 12. A random 20% sample was cross-checked for errors. Data extraction followed a pre-defined template with additional independent checks. The primary outcome was the predictive validity of the screening tools.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 3,911 citations screened, 28 studies (N=25,444) were included, with six focusing on children under 12 (N=1,430). The methods varied, with 18 studies using clinical interviews and 10 using validated questionnaires. Most tools achieved a Level 3 rating on The Rational Clinical Examination Levels of Evidence, indicating methodological limitations. The child version of the Eating Attitudes Test (ChEAT) had the most evidence, though it has not been validated for DSM-5 criteria.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3><div>There is a significant gap in validated ED screening tools for children under 12. Future research should focus on developing tools for this population to improve early detection and treatment outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20819,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 116631"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between the seroprevalence of infectious pathogens and depression in U.S. adults","authors":"Jie Yang ,&nbsp;Qiya Zhong ,&nbsp;Lei Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>There is a paucity of knowledge concerning the relationship between exposure to various pathogens and depression in adults residing in the United States. The objective of the study was to examine the prevalence and severity of depression in populations at risk of viral infections and to investigate the potential association between these two factors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study was derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), which included 39,749 participants aged 20 years or older between 2005 and 2018. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was employed to assess the presence and severity of depressive symptoms. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the odds ratios and associations between viral seropositivity and depression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant associations were observed between seropositivity for hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6, 11, 16, and 18, and herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2 and an increased risk of depression (all p-values &lt; 0.05). No significant associations were observed for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis D virus (HDV), hepatitis E virus (HEV), or HSV type 1.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Seropositivity for HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18, HAV, HCV, HIV, and HSV-2 was significantly associated with depression in a representative sample of U.S. adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20819,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 116627"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144572244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}