Psychiatry Research最新文献

{"title":"EEG measures of brain arousal in relation to symptom improvement in patients with major depressive disorder: Results from a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hyperstable arousal regulation during a 15-min resting electroencephalogram (EEG) has been linked to a favorable response to antidepressants. The EMBARC study, a multicenter randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial, provides an opportunity to examine arousal stability as putative antidepressant response predictor in short EEG recordings. We tested the hypothesis that high arousal stability during a 2-min resting EEG at baseline is related to better outcome in the sertraline arm and explored the specificity of this effect. Outpatients with chronic/recurrent MDD were recruited from four university hospitals and randomized to treatment with sertraline (<em>n</em> = 100) or placebo (<em>n</em> = 104). The change in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD-17) was the main outcome. Patients were stratified into high and low arousal stability groups. In mixed-model repeated measures (MMRM) analysis HRSD-17 change differed significantly between arousal groups, with high arousal stability being associated with a better outcome in the sertraline arm, and worse outcome in the placebo arm at week 4, with moderate effect sizes. When considering both treatment arms, a significant arousal group x time x treatment interaction emerged, highlighting specificity to the sertraline arm. Although findings indicate that arousal stability is likely to be a treatment-specific marker of response, further out-of-sample validation is warranted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20819,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165178124004505/pdfft?md5=6fd884f86b1a5a92a0e3017cd116558c&pid=1-s2.0-S0165178124004505-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142311716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-dependent association study of complement C4 gene with treatment-resistant schizophrenia and hospitalization frequency","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The complement component 4 (<em>C4</em>) gene, codes for two isotypes, C4A and C4B, and can exist in long or short forms (<em>C4L</em> and <em>C4S</em>). The <em>C4AL</em> variant has been associated with elevated schizophrenia (SCZ) risk. Here, we investigated the relationship between <em>C4</em> variation and clinical outcomes in SCZ. <em>N</em> = 434 adults with SCZ or schizoaffective disorder were included in this retrospective study. A three-step genotyping workflow was performed to determine <em>C4</em> copy number variants. These variants were tested for association with clinical outcome measures, including treatment-resistant SCZ (TRS), number of hospitalizations (NOH), and symptom severity (PANSS). Sex and ancestry stratified analyses were performed. We observed a marginally significant association between <em>C4S</em> and TRS in males only, and a negative association between <em>C4S</em> and NOH in the total sample. <em>C4AS</em> had negative association with NOH in males and non-Europeans. Lastly, <em>C4A</em> copy numbers and <em>C4A</em> predicted brain expression showed negative association with NOH in males only. Our study provides further support for sex-specific effect of <em>C4</em> on SCZ clinical outcomes, and also suggests that <em>C4S</em> and <em>C4AS</em> might have a protective effect against increased severity. <em>C4</em> could potentially serve as a genetic biomarker in the future, however, more research is required.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20819,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142327673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between community-based psychiatric rehabilitation pathways and re-hospitalization trajectories: A three-decade follow-up","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Psychiatric rehabilitation is essential for the recovery of individuals with schizophrenia. However, re-hospitalization is sometimes inevitable. This study examined the association between varied community psychiatric rehabilitation services (PRS) and long-term re-hospitalization parameters.</div><div>National registries provided data on 5163 adults diagnosed with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Patients with recurrent hospitalizations were tracked over three periods: before rehabilitation legislation (1991–2000), during rehabilitation implementation (2001–2009), and follow-up (2010–2017). Associations between PRS types and annual re-hospitalization days (ARHD) during follow-up were analyzed.</div><div>Findings revealed that the rehabilitation group had a median time-to-readmission of 757 days, while the non-rehabilitation group had 321 days. Combined residential and vocational rehabilitation was associated with a 20-day decrease in ARHD, while residential or vocational rehabilitation alone were associated with reductions of 2 and 5 days, respectively. Higher levels of residential support were linked to reduced ARHD. Of the vocational rehabilitation types, supported-employment and sheltered-workshops showed association with the greatest reductions in ARHD (17 days).</div><div>Overall, community-based PRS is linked to prolonged time-to-readmission and reduced re-hospitalization days. A combination of vocational and residential services is related to a synergistic decrease in re-hospitalization days. This suggests that recurrent hospitalization for patients who are using PRS is shorter and may be part of their recovery pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20819,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142323592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of adverse childhood experiences on risk for internalizing psychiatric disorders in youth at clinical high-risk for psychosis.","authors":"Eugenia Giampetruzzi, Elaine F Walker, Jean Addington, Carrie E Bearden, Kristin S Cadenhead, Tyrone D Cannon, Barbara A Cornblatt, Matcheri Keshavan, Daniel H Mathalon, Diana O Perkins, William S Stone, Scott W Woods, Allison M LoPilato","doi":"10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Research has established that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) confer risk for psychiatric diagnoses, and that protective factors moderate this association. Investigation into the effect of protective factors in the relationship between ACEs and internalizing disorders (e.g., depression, anxiety) is limited in high-risk groups. The present study investigated the relationship between ACEs and risk for internalizing disorders in youth at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P) and tests the hypothesis that protective factors moderate this relationship.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>688 participants aged 12-30 (M = 18; SD = 4.05) meeting criteria for CHR-P were administered measures of child adversity, protective factors (SAVRY), and diagnostic assessment (SCID- 5). Logistic regression tested whether ACEs predicted internalizing disorders. Moderation regression analyses determined whether these associations were weaker in the presence of protective factors.</p><p><strong>Results & conclusions: </strong>Higher levels of ACEs predicted history of depressive disorder (β = 0.26(1.30), p < .001), self-harm/suicide attempts (β = 0.34(1.40), p < .001), and substance use (β = 0.14(1.15), p = .04). Childhood sexual abuse (β = 0.77(2.15), p = .001), emotional neglect (β = 0.38(1.46), p = .05), and psychological abuse (β = 0.42(1.52), p = .04), predicted self- harm/suicide attempts. Sexual abuse (β = 1.00 (2.72), p = .001), and emotional neglect (β = 0.53(1.71), p = .011), were also linked to depressive disorder. There was no association between ACEs and anxiety disorder, and no moderation effect of protective factors in the relationship between ACEs and psychiatric outcomes. These findings add nuance to a growing literature linking ACEs to psychopathology and highlight the importance of investigation into the mechanisms that may buffer this relationship.</p>","PeriodicalId":20819,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142378216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prevalence of mental health conditions and effectiveness of psychological interventions among university students in Italy: A systematic literature review","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this review was to synthesize extant literature concerning the prevalence of mental health problems among Italian university students seeking psychological help in university counseling services (UCS) and the effectiveness of these interventions.</div><div>A systematic search was conducted on main scientific databases following the PRISMA guidelines. Using the PICO method, the study included research on college students seeking psychological help through UCS (P), focusing on psychological interventions delivered by UCS (I), examining the prevalence of psychological problems and/or the effect of UCS intervention on symptoms of mental health issues as (primary or secondary) outcome (O). Class comparisons (C) did not apply to this study. Studies excluded consisted of non-peer-reviewed journal articles, qualitative studies, or publications that reported only descriptive or not fully relevant information. The systematic search was conducted on the PsycInfo, PsycArticles, PsycCRITIQUES, PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases up to December 17, 2023. The data was organized in a narrative synthesis. Finally, the review was registered on OSF (osf.io/t2y9q). Study quality was assessed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.</div><div>Thirty-six studies were found to meet the inclusion criteria for a total of 7,432 participants (5,390 female, 6,625 accessing UCS). Most studies (n = 21) had a pre-post intervention design, followed by cross-sectional (n = 12) and case-control (n = 3) designs. Data from the period between 1983 and 2022 were collected (n = 7 studies focused specifically on the COVID-19 pandemic period), primarily using self-report measures. Students attending UCS exhibited significant psychological distress (63.2–92.7 %), various psychopathological symptoms, and poor psychological functioning, including depressive symptoms (9–30 % up to 48.9 %) and anxiety symptoms (11.2–36 %). Studies (n = 21) testing the effectiveness of counseling intervention showed that treatment was helpful in improving students’ mental health, regardless of the approach employed.</div><div>Limitations in the examined studies’ design (e.g., heterogeneity in studies outcomes and measures, small sample size, self-reported data, low methodological quality) should be addressed in future research to obtain a more comprehensive picture on the topic under investigation.</div><div>The high levels of psychological problems and psychopathological symptoms found in students attending UCS support the need of mental-health promotion activities. Counseling interventions seems to be an effective first-line service for university students experiencing psychological problems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20819,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142356986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to editor - Yoga App for depression","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116215","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20819,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142327674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 4-week morning light treatment reduces amygdala reactivity and clinical symptoms in adults with traumatic stress","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Trauma leads to mental health problems including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety. New treatments are needed for traumatic stress that can overcome barriers to care while targeting underlying biological mechanisms of the pathology. Morning light treatment has potential as a novel intervention for traumatic stress. We conducted a randomized clinical trial testing 3 doses of a 4-week morning light treatment in people with traumatic stress to evaluate brain mechanisms underlying the treatment. Forty-six participants completed a baseline week followed by a 4-week morning light treatment (15, 30 or 60 mins each morning). Functional magnetic resonance imaging was conducted at pre- and post-treatment using an emotional faces task to probe the amygdala, based on prior work showing direct effects of light on the amygdala and the role of amygdala in traumatic stress. Clinician-rated symptoms and self-reported symptoms were also assessed at pre- and post-treatment. No group differences were observed in left amygdala reactivity, but right amygdala reactivity reduced only in the 30 and 60 min groups with medium effect sizes. Clinical symptoms reduced in all groups with medium to large effect sizes. Self-reported depression and anxiety scores reduced more in the 60 min than in the 15 min group (<em>p</em> = .02). The results suggest that 4 weeks of morning light treatment of at least 30 min per day can reduce amygdala reactivity and symptoms of traumatic stress. Morning light treatment should be further explored as a potential treatment for traumatic stress, given it is relatively safe, acceptable, accessible and scalable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20819,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loss of normal facial asymmetry in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: Implications for development of brain asymmetry in psychotic illness","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Development of the craniofacies occurs in embryological intimacy with development of the brain and both show normal left-right asymmetries. While facial dysmorphology occurs to excess in psychotic illness, facial asymmetry has yet to be investigated as a putative index of brain asymmetry. Ninety-three subjects (49 controls, 22 schizophrenia, 22 bipolar disorder) received 3D laser surface imaging of the face. On geometric morphometric analysis with (<em>x, y, z</em>) visualisations of statistical models for facial asymmetries, in controls the upper face and periorbital region, which share embryological intimacy with the forebrain, showed marked asymmetries. Their geometry included: along the <em>x</em>-axis, rightward asymmetry in its dorsal-medial aspects and leftward asymmetry in its ventral-lateral aspects; along the <em>z</em>-axis, anterior protrusion in its right ventral-lateral aspect. In both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder these normal facial asymmetries were diminished, with residual retention of asymmetries in bipolar disorder. This geometry of normal facial asymmetries shows commonalities with that of normal frontal lobe asymmetries. These findings indicate a trans-diagnostic process that involves loss of facial asymmetries in both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Embryologically, they implicate loss of face-brain asymmetries across gestational weeks 7–14 in processes that involve genes previously associated with risk for schizophrenia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20819,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142319076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creative puppet therapy reduces hallucinations in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia: Preliminary findings","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anomalous experiences and hallucinations characterize schizophrenia. This study aimed at determining the efficacy of creative puppet therapy (CPT; creation of a puppet with malleable DAS) to reduce severe anomalous experiences and hallucinations among patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Double-blinded, controlled trials were performed on a convenience sample of 24 patients from a mental health center. The intervention group of 12 patients (who created puppets) and the pseudo-treatment group of 12 patients (who were involved in outdoor leisure trips) were compared to the control group of 12 control participants (who created puppets). <em>Cardiff Anomalous Perceptions Scale</em> (CAPS) assessed hallucinations; <em>Emotional Expression Inventory</em> (EEXI) assessed the emotional expression of one's own puppet. Puppet facial features were measured. Results showed that CPT effectively reduced (<em>d</em> = –4.00) hallucination frequency in patients. Hallucination reduction occurred across all sensory modalities, but touch and bodily interoception. Exteroceptive vs. interoceptive hallucinations was the most valuable classification in patients. Compared to controls, puppets created by patients expressed more negative emotions and had larger eye diameters, shorter noses, and larger whole face width. Eye diameter was correlated with fear, sadness, anger, and disgust, and whole face width with boredom. Fragmented-self integration of schizophrenia through CPT treatment might exploit aggregative dominance of the patient's own body.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20819,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142319077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic scoping review of the literature on sexual orientation obsessive compulsive disorder (SOOCD): Important clinical considerations and recommendations","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is characterised by the occurrence of persistent thoughts, urges, or images that are experienced as intrusive and unwanted (obsessions), and compulsive actions that the individual feels driven to act on in response to an obsession. These actions are carried out by an individual in order to try and prevent or reduce anxiety or distress, or to prevent something terrible from happening (American Psychiatric Association, APA, 2013). The aim of this review was to identify studies which have explored SO<img>OCD. Because this is a relatively under-researched field, the decision was made for the present systematic review to take an inclusive approach. A systematic PRISMA review was conducted. A total of eleven studies were identified in this review. Two were cases and nine were empirical studies. Overall, the studies in this review highlight that although relatively common in individuals with OCD, SO<img>OCD is frequently misunderstood by both clinicians and patients. This emphasises the need for education and training (or they are not even aware of the condition).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20819,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142318663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}