Psychiatry Research最新文献

{"title":"Sex dependent genetic architecture of biochemically verified tobacco use","authors":"Meghan J. Chenoweth ,&nbsp;Caryn Lerman ,&nbsp;Jo Knight ,&nbsp;Rachel F. Tyndale","doi":"10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Tobacco use differs by genetics and sex, and dose-dependently increases the risk for numerous diseases. Nicotine is metabolized to cotinine (COT) which is further metabolized to 3′hydroxycotinine (3HC). COT and COT+3HC are biomarkers which capture tobacco intake more accurately than self-reported measures such as cigarettes/day. It is currently not known whether genetic risk factors for heavier tobacco intake, measured using these biomarkers, differ by sex.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a genome-wide genotype-by-sex (GxS) interaction analysis of COT and COT+3HC measured from blood in European treatment-seeking smokers (<em>n</em> = 541 males, <em>n</em> = 389 females) (NCT01314001). Linear regression models included Genotypes (coded additively), Sex, a GxS interaction term, covariates, and all covariate-by-genotype and covariate-by-sex interaction terms.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>For COT, five suggestive (<em>P</em> &lt; 5 × 10^–6) loci on chr 4, 15, 19, 12, and 1 were identified; the top variant was rs11520555 (5′ of <em>SPOCK3</em>; beta=0.38, se=0.08, GxS <em>P</em> = 7.39 × 10^–7). For COT+3HC, eight suggestive loci on chr 21, 18, 17 (2 loci), 13, 5, 8, and 19 were identified; the top variant was rs73157714 (3′ of <em>HSPA13</em>; beta=0.33, se=0.06, GxS <em>P</em> = 3.48 × 10^–7). Overall, 26 genes were mapped, with 9 showing moderate to high expression in brain, and 5 showing prior associations with psychiatric traits in the GWAS Catalog.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings suggest that the genetic architecture of tobacco intake, measured accurately using biomarkers, differs between women and men. A more granular understanding of factors influencing tobacco intake in women versus men may identify risk factors for heavier use and sex-specific opportunities to promote smoking cessation and mitigate disease risk.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>This genome-wide interaction study suggested that some of the genetic influences on tobacco intake, measured accurately using biomarkers, differ by sex. The loci identified in our study could be a starting point for developing new genetic biomarkers that predict sex-specific differences in tobacco intake and disease risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20819,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 116465"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral versus long-acting injectable antipsychotics in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A systematic review of patients’ subjective experiences","authors":"Sofia Francesca Aprile ,&nbsp;Alessandro Rodolico ,&nbsp;Antonio Di Francesco ,&nbsp;Sofia Varrasi ,&nbsp;Irene Bighelli ,&nbsp;Sabrina Castellano ,&nbsp;Maria Salvina Signorelli ,&nbsp;Stefan Leucht ,&nbsp;Filippo Caraci","doi":"10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Schizophrenia spectrum disorders significantly impact daily functioning, with antipsychotic medications regarded as the gold standard treatment. However, their efficacy is often limited by side effects and adherence rates. Understanding patient perspectives and subjective experiences, particularly regarding oral versus long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics, is crucial for improving medication outcomes and patient-tailored treatments. A systematic review of qualitative studies was conducted following the ENTREQ guidelines. Data were extracted from PubMed, Scopus, and PsycInfo, with thematic synthesis used to identify key themes in patient-reported experiences. Thirty-nine studies (1.477 patients) were included and analyzed, revealing three core themes: (1) perception and experience of medication, (2) social dynamics and influence, and (3) trust and communication with healthcare providers. Side effects and lack of information were often mentioned by patients. While LAI antipsychotics were linked to symptom stability and functional improvements, many patients lacked adequate information about their effects, contributing to adherence difficulties. Stigma and negative beliefs were common across both oral and LAI formulations, thus determining significant barriers to medication adherence. This review emphasizes that patients’ experiences with antipsychotic medications are shaped by three key factors: the environment, the therapeutic relationship, and the drug itself. Two critical areas warrant particular attention: psychoeducation and stigma. Bridging psychoeducational gaps and addressing stigma could significantly enhance treatment adherence and outcomes. Additionally, greater emphasis on providing comprehensive and accurate information about antipsychotic treatment options is essential to support patient-centred care and informed decision-making.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20819,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 116460"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143735032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suicidal ideation and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder: Findings from the ARFID-GEN study","authors":"Baiyu Qi ,&nbsp;Maria A. Kalantzis ,&nbsp;Laura M. Thornton ,&nbsp;Jennifer P. White ,&nbsp;Casey M. MacDermod ,&nbsp;Shelby N. Ortiz ,&nbsp;Emily M. Pisetsky ,&nbsp;Lisa Dinkler ,&nbsp;Jerry D. Guintivano ,&nbsp;Jessica S. Johnson ,&nbsp;Nadia Micali ,&nbsp;Cynthia M. Bulik","doi":"10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116471","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116471","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examined the prevalence of suicidal ideation (SI) among adults with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) across different demographic groups and explored associations between SI and specific ARFID dimensions. The sample included 3299 adults who screened positive for ARFID using two validated scales. SI over the past two weeks was assessed using item 9 from the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. The overall prevalence of SI was 22.9 %, with a higher prevalence among transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) individuals (34.7 %) compared to cisgender men (17.8 %) and cisgender women (16.8 %). Participants with SI (mean = 27.6 years, SD = 10.1) were younger than those without SI (mean = 32.3 years, SD = 13.4). The ARFID dimensions picky eating/sensory-based avoidance and low appetite/lack of interest in eating or food were positively associated with SI; however, these associations became non-significant after adjusting for age, gender, and depression. Interestingly, fear/concern about aversive consequences was significantly negatively associated with SI after adjusting for covariates. Our results suggest that the fear presentation of ARFID may be a distinct subtype with a lower risk of suicidality compared to other presentations, highlighting the importance of comprehensively evaluating ARFID dimensions and underlying depressive symptoms to better address the risk of suicidality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20819,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 116471"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transition from schizotypal disorder to non-affective psychotic disorders including schizophrenia: A nationwide Swedish cohort study","authors":"S Lindström ,&nbsp;J Nordgaard ,&nbsp;J Berge","doi":"10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the transition rates from schizotypal disorder to non-affective psychosis and schizophrenia in particular aiming to identify clinical and demographic factors associated with these transitions. We conducted a nationwide cohort study using data from the Swedish Patient Register and the Cause of Death Register, including patients aged 18 and older diagnosed with schizotypal disorder (ICD-10 F21) between 2006 and 2017. Cox proportional hazards regression was employed to assess the associations between baseline characteristics and transitions to schizophrenia (ICD-10 F20) and other non-affective psychotic disorders (ICD-10 F20-F29, excluding F21), with follow-up extending up to 12 years. Of the 667 patients included, 12.0 % transitioned to schizophrenia, and 22.5 % to other non-affective psychotic disorders. The estimated 10-year cumulative risks of transition were 24.6 % for schizophrenia and 43.5 % for non-affective psychotic disorders. Older age and diagnosis allocated during the study's early observation years were associated with a reduced risk of transition to schizophrenia, while pre-existing depression and anxiety disorders had protective effects. In contrast, substance use disorders other than alcohol were associated with an increased risk of transitioning to non-affective psychotic disorders. These findings highlight that a significant portion of individuals with schizotypal disorder progress to more severe psychotic disorders, underlining the need for careful monitoring, especially in those with comorbid substance use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20819,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 116470"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attenuated symptoms are associated with connectedness and emotional expression in narratives based on emotional pictures in a Brazilian clinical high-risk cohort","authors":"Natália Bezerra Mota ,&nbsp;Marina Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Bárbara Malcorra ,&nbsp;Felipe Argolo ,&nbsp;Ana Caroline Lopes-Rocha ,&nbsp;Anderson Ara ,&nbsp;João Medrado Gondim ,&nbsp;Guillermo Cecchi ,&nbsp;Alexandre Andrade Loch ,&nbsp;Cheryl Mary Corcoran","doi":"10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116469","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116469","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural language processing tools have been applied to identify symptoms through the analysis of narratives. Here we use this strategy to map attenuated symptoms when applied to prodromal stages of psychosis. We assessed narratives in a population-based prodromal screen-positive Brazilian cohort of individuals confirmed through structured interview as at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR) (<em>N</em> = 42) or as controls (<em>N</em> = 29) to identify language markers predictive of transition to diagnosis or remission. Participants were identified by screening &gt;4500 individuals with the Prodromal Questionnaire–Brief and the Perceptual and Cognitive aberrations scale, followed by the Structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes. After 2.5 years of follow-up, 23 CHR individuals were found to have transitioned to mood and anxiety disorders and 4 to psychosis. We assessed word-recurrence graph connectedness and emotional content in baseline narratives elicited with affective pictures, finding CHR markers and associations with mood symptoms. Specifically, greater recurrence (vs. randomness) in reciprocal connectedness was associated with dysphoric mood (ρ=0.64), social anhedonia (ρ=0.56), and perseveration (ρ=0.53), suggesting these may be related to rumination related to depression in individuals with psychosis risk. Language markers combined with years of education explained 58 %, 57 %, and 44 % of dysphoric mood, social anhedonia, and perseveration severity variance, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20819,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 116469"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bibliometric analysis of suicide risk assessment in children and adolescents: Trends and future directions","authors":"Christina Yeni Kustanti ,&nbsp;Rika Sarfika ,&nbsp;Ferry Efendi ,&nbsp;Khatijah Lim Abdullah ,&nbsp;Erik Adik Putra Bambang Kurniawan ,&nbsp;Nindi Eka Wijaya ,&nbsp;Wulandari Pratiwi","doi":"10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Suicide risk among children and adolescents continues to rise, yet critical trends and research gaps in suicide risk assessment remain unexamined. This study aimed to analyze global research trends on suicide risk assessment in children and adolescents using Scopus-indexed literature from 1984 to 2024. VOSviewer was used to visualize keyword co-occurrence and thematic trends. Bibliometric data were extracted from abstracts, including publication volume, citation counts, and author productivity. The search strategy identified 1195 articles, with 259 meeting the inclusion criteria. Publications grew annually by 7.78 %, with contributions from 1243 unique authors and an average document age of 9.22 years. The United States was the leading contributor, followed by China, Spain, and the United Kingdom. The Journal of Affective Disorders is the one with the highest number of publications on network analysis in suicide risk assessment, followed by the Journal of Archives of Suicide Research and Psychiatry Research. Most documents were articles (236), with few reviews (15). Key research areas included suicidal ideation, psychometric evaluations, and stress markers. However, critical gaps persist, particularly in developing culturally sensitive assessment tools, integrating biological and psychosocial risk factors, and expanding research in low- and middle-income countries. Most assessment tools are developed in Western settings, limiting cross-cultural applicability. Given the role of sociocultural factors in suicidal behaviors, future research should prioritize culturally adapted assessment methods and validate self-report tools in diverse populations. Addressing these gaps is essential for improving global suicide prevention strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20819,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 116468"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotional memory biases in patients with bipolar depression","authors":"Sung Hun Sim ,&nbsp;Eunhye Jeong ,&nbsp;C. Hyung Keun Park","doi":"10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Emotional memory biases, defined as the tendency to remember emotionally valenced information more accurately than healthy controls (HCs), may contribute to the onset and persistence of bipolar depression (BD). However, specific investigations of these biases are limited. This study sought to examine emotional memory biases by comparing patients with BD to HCs and exploring potential differences between bipolar I depression (BD-I) and bipolar II depression (BD-II). A recognition task was designed to assess recognition memory for previously presented stimuli. Participants (14, 58, and 73 for BD-I, BD-II, and HCs, respectively) were shown words with positive or negative valence and were asked to identify whether each word had been presented earlier during a self-reference effect task, where they chose the more personally relevant word from a pair of positive and negative words. Mixed-model analyses of covariance compared the BD and HC groups, adjusting for years of education and medication use, and assessed BD subtypes, adjusting for age and medication use. Results indicated that patients with BD recognized negative words (“hits”) more accurately and were more likely to incorrectly identify non-presented negative words as presented (“false alarms”) compared to HCs, reflecting a pronounced bias toward negative stimuli. No significant differences were observed between the BD-I and BD-II subtypes. These findings suggest that emotional memory biases may be a key feature of BD, potentially contributing to the persistence of depressive episodes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20819,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 116464"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rates of anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and substance use disorders in federally qualified health centers, 2019-2022","authors":"Jack Tsai ,&nbsp;Laura Witte ,&nbsp;Vanessa Schick","doi":"10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) provide comprehensive health care services to underserved communities throughout the U.S. and are an important setting to examine changes in mental health and substance use disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. National data from 1359 unique FQHCS serving over 29 million patients from 2019–2022 were analyzed. Diagnoses of mental health and substance use disorders were based on the Uniform Data System. From 2019–2022, the number of patients seen in FQHCs increased by 661,521 patients (2.26 % increase). Across FQHCs, diagnoses of anxiety and trauma-related disorders (AXD) increased by 22.78 %, mood disorders (MD) increased by 1.64 %, drug use disorder (DUD) increased by 4.42 %, and alcohol-related disorders (AD) increased by 2.55 %. By U.S. state, the relatively largest increases in diagnoses of AXD and MD were in Delaware and Alabama. The largest increases in diagnoses of AD and DUD were in North Dakota and Alabama. FQHCs that served larger homeless patient populations showed smaller increases in diagnoses of mental health and substance use disorders than other FQHCs. In conclusion, there was a greater than 20 % increase in AXD diagnoses across FQHCs from 2019–2022, but a &lt;5 % increase in diagnoses of other individual common mental and substance use disorders. These findings highlight both the vulnerabilities and resilience of FQHCs and their patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20819,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 116457"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Angiotensin receptor blockade modulates resting state functional connectivity in the memory network rather than fear network – implications for posttraumatic stress disorder","authors":"Lorika Shkreli ,&nbsp;Caroline Nettekoven ,&nbsp;Sirius Boessenkool ,&nbsp;Marieke Martens ,&nbsp;Nicola Filippini ,&nbsp;Liliana Capitão ,&nbsp;Phil Cowen ,&nbsp;Andrea Reinecke","doi":"10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Population-based studies have shown that the intake of Angiotensin-II receptor blockers (ARBs), commonly used to treat high blood pressure, is associated with reduced post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. However, the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. While PTSD development is characterized by maladaptive processing within brain networks associated with fear processing and memory formation during trauma exposure, there is increasing evidence that such aberrations manifest in altered resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) of brain regions in these networks.</div><div>In this double-blind placebo-controlled study in 45 healthy volunteers with high trait-anxiety, we investigated whether the ARB losartan would affect rsFC in prominent seeds of the fear and memory network, counteracting effects seen in PTSD.</div><div>Seed selection was informed by established rsFC aberrations seen in PTSD and consisted of the hippocampus and the parahippocampal gyrus (memory network), as well the amygdala and insula (fear network).</div><div>Our results showed that a single dose of the ARB losartan decreased rsFC in the memory network from modulatory structures in the frontal cortex: losartan decreased rsFC (i) between the hippocampus and the inferior frontal gyrus involved in threat processing and memory intrusion development, and (ii) between the parahippocampal gyrus and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex involved in top-down control. There were no drug effects on the fear network seeds. These findings may imply that ARB preserves adaptive memory function during trauma.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20819,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 116458"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative study of blood and hippocampal D-serine change patterns in drug-naïve patients and animal models of depression","authors":"Wei Zhang ,&nbsp;Weiwen Wang ,&nbsp;Yongjie Zhou ,&nbsp;Jiesi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dysfunction of the N-methyl-<span>d</span>-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) has been implicated in depression, and D‑serine, an endogenous co-agonist of NMDAR, plays a critical role in its function. However, the pattern and relationship of alterations in central and peripheral D‑serine concentrations in depression remain unclear. In this study, we conducted two parallel cross-sectional studies to investigate D‑serine alterations in depression. In the clinical study, we recruited drug-naïve patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and age and sex-matched healthy controls to assess peripheral D‑serine levels in serum. In the preclinical study, a chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) mouse model of depression was used to measure both peripheral and hippocampal D‑serine levels, given the hippocampus's key role in depression. Our results revealed significantly higher levels of D‑serine and the D‑serine/L‑serine ratio in the serum of MDD patients compared to controls, while L‑serine levels showed no significant differences. Similarly, in the CSDS mouse model, serum D‑serine levels were also increased. However, hippocampal D‑serine and L‑serine levels were decreased in depressed mice compared to controls, with no significant correlation observed between blood and hippocampal D‑serine levels. These findings suggest a potential pattern of D‑serine concentrations between peripheral blood and the hippocampus in depression. However, the clinical implications of contrasting changes in D‑serine in the peripheral and central systems, as well as the underlying mechanisms, require further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20819,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 116453"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143696892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}