Process BiochemistryPub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2025.12.001
Jia Lin , Shuaishuai Wei , Shijun Li , Donglei Zheng , Ziwei Zhang , Shijian Dong , Shugang Li , Lulu Ma
{"title":"Screening and mechanistic study of chicken embryo egg-yolk peptide-Fe²⁺ chelates based on Caco-2 cells","authors":"Jia Lin , Shuaishuai Wei , Shijun Li , Donglei Zheng , Ziwei Zhang , Shijian Dong , Shugang Li , Lulu Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The iron-chelating peptides were screened from egg yolk, and the structure, and mechanism were investigated. By examining the incubation stages, day 12 had the highest iron chelation rate of 61.55 % ±1.69 %. On this basis, the peptide sequence PQETPPDTT (PT-9) was screened according to its molecular weight, amino acid composition, and molecular docking (binding energy < −4.2 kcal/mol). Compared with PT-9, the surface charge and average size of PT-9-Fe²⁺ changed from −17.07 mV and 1142 nm to −6.64 mV and 444 nm, respectively. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and Kinetic simulations revealed that the Gln2, Thr4, Asp7, and Thr9 in PT-9 formed a stable eight-coordination bond network spontaneously (ΔH = −1.689 kJ/mol) with Fe²⁺ via C<img>O, N-H, and three water molecules, with an Fe<sup>2 +</sup> release rate lower than 25 % in the gastrointestinal digestive tests. PT-9-Fe<sup>2+</sup> enhanced Fe²⁺ uptake to 2.0-fold in Caco-2 cells compared with FeSO<sub>4</sub>. Through a combination of methods, including RNA-seq and inhibitors, it was demonstrated that PT-9-Fe<sup>2+</sup> up-regulated the expression of genes encoding Divalent Metal Transporter 1 (DMT1) and Transferrin Receptor (TFRC), and down-regulated the expression of genes encoding tight junction proteins and adhesion proteins. The iron uptake pathways mediated by PT-9-Fe<sup>2+</sup> were predominantly paracellular transport, endocytosis and DMT1.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20811,"journal":{"name":"Process Biochemistry","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 99-110"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145681644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Process BiochemistryPub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-14DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2025.12.008
Zhaoxi Liu, Yue Yu, Yupin Nie, Jiangyu Yang, Min Chen
{"title":"Heterologous N-glycosyltransferase expression reprograms the glycoproteome and functional profile of Bacillus subtilis WB800N","authors":"Zhaoxi Liu, Yue Yu, Yupin Nie, Jiangyu Yang, Min Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Engineering bacterial glycosylation represents a promising strategy to modulate protein function and cellular physiology. In this study, we introduced a heterologous <em>N</em>-glycosyltransferase (AaNGT) into <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> WB800N to explore its impact on the host glycoproteome and functional profile. The recombinant strain successfully expressed and purified AaNGT, which exhibited in vitro activity toward UDP-Gal and UDP-Glc, as confirmed by TLC and HPLC analyses. Comparative glycoproteomic profiling revealed that AaNGT expression substantially increased <em>N</em>-glycosylation events, diversifying glycoprotein targets across metabolic enzymes, stress response proteins, and structural components. Functional annotation indicated enrichment in amino acid metabolism, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, stress and detoxification pathways, and signal transduction processes, suggesting that protein glycosylation remodels host metabolic and regulatory networks. Moreover, engineered glycosylation enhanced adhesion to Caco-2 cells and improved tolerance to simulated gastric and intestinal conditions, highlighting potential benefits for strain stability and survivability. Together, these findings demonstrate that heterologous NGT-mediated glycosylation can reprogram the glycoproteome and functional landscape of <em>B. subtilis</em>, providing a versatile platform for engineering Gram-positive chassis strains with tailored metabolic and physiological traits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20811,"journal":{"name":"Process Biochemistry","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 177-187"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145786575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Process BiochemistryPub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2025.11.012
Ademakinwa A. Nelson , Agunbiade M. Oladele , Adeyanju M. Moronkeji , Alli Kazeem , Ayinla Z. Adenike
{"title":"Design and optimization of a cyanide dihydratase-cross-linked enzyme aggregate system for enhanced biodegradation of cyanide: Integrating statistical and machine learning approaches","authors":"Ademakinwa A. Nelson , Agunbiade M. Oladele , Adeyanju M. Moronkeji , Alli Kazeem , Ayinla Z. Adenike","doi":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.11.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.11.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study developed a robust cyanide biodegradation system using cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) of cyanide dihydratase from <em>Aureobasidium pullulans</em> NAC8 (<em>ApCynD</em>). The intracellular enzyme was immobilized as cynD-CLEA and evaluated alongside the free enzyme. Immobilization significantly improved operational stability, with over 90 % activity retained after seven reuse cycles and 80 % after six weeks of storage. Structural analysis showed increased α-helix (29.4–38.8 %) and β-turn (12.6 % to 18.4 %) contents, with reductions in β-sheet and random coil, indicating a more ordered conformation. Kinetic profiling revealed elevated <em>V</em><sub><em>max</em></sub> and catalytic efficiency despite a higher <em>K</em><sub><em>m</em></sub>. Process conditions were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM, R² = 0.902) and artificial neural networks (ANN, R² = 0.958). RSM identified cyanide concentration as the most significant factor, with optimal conditions (1000 ppm, 150 rpm, 1000 mg CLEA, 3 h) yielding 82 % removal. ANN-predicted optimums (240 ppm, 200 rpm, 865 mg CLEA, 6 h) achieved 90.5 % removal, confirming better performance in modeling nonlinear interactions. SHAP analysis enhanced model interpretability. The integrated RSM-ANN approach offers a powerful strategy for optimizing enzyme-based bioremediation, with cynD-CLEA showing strong potential for industrial application. Further studies are recommended to assess broader conditions and extended operational cycles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20811,"journal":{"name":"Process Biochemistry","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 48-62"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145570701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Process BiochemistryPub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2025.11.009
Athithyan Ilangovan , Sri Bala Kameswari Kanchinadham
{"title":"Optimization of pretreatment methods for banana leaf waste and its kinetics studies for effective biogas generation by anaerobic co-digestion with food waste","authors":"Athithyan Ilangovan , Sri Bala Kameswari Kanchinadham","doi":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.11.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.11.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhancing enzymatic hydrolysis and biofuel production requires effective biomass pretreatment. This study systematically optimised four pretreatment methods like dilute acid, alkali, molecular solvent, and thermal to maximise reducing sugars yield from lignocellulosic biomass. Key parameters like concentration, temperature, and residence time were varied. The highest reducing sugars yield (8000–10000 mg/L) was achieved with alkali pretreatment (4 % w/v at 100 °C for 30 min), indicating significant cellulose breakdown. molecular solvent and thermal pretreatments produced moderate yields but were promising. The kinetic constant (k) calculated for dilute acid, alkali, molecular solvent, and thermal pretreatments were 0.02726 ± 0.00643 min⁻¹ , 0.02235 ± 0.00584 min⁻¹ , 0.02077 ± 0.0088 min⁻¹ and 0.02218 ± 0.01672 min⁻¹ respectively, using first order kinetics helped to understand the reaction rate and degree of hydrolysis. Biogas generation was modelled using the modified Gompertz equation. Kinetic modelling studies revealed that co-digestion of food waste with alkali-pretreated banana leaf waste led to maximum biogas yield, with a maximum production rate (R<sub>m</sub>) of 322.06 ± 51.51 mL/day. This study provides a foundation for scalable biomass valorisation, offering key insights into tailoring pretreatment strategies to enhance hydrolysis, sugar release, and biogas production from lignocellulosic waste.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20811,"journal":{"name":"Process Biochemistry","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 35-47"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145570700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Economic and technical insights into carotenoids and lipids large-scale production in Rhodotorula glutinis: A study based on pulse-feeding culture, cell disruption strategies and cytotoxicity","authors":"Carolina Ramírez-Martínez , Susana Rincón , Alejandro Zepeda , Alberto Ordaz","doi":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The oleaginous yeast <em>Rhodotorula glutinis</em> is a promising microorganism for simultaneous production of carotenoids and lipids which are traditionally derived from plants and chemical synthesis; however, their production faces challenges such as stability and health issues, supply consistency, and large-scale production studies. This study focused on the use of <em>Rhodotorula glutinis</em> with a pulse-feeding culture strategy in a stirred tank reactor to intensify the biomass concentration (52.84 ± 0.5 g/L). Effective cell disruption for products extraction was achieved using acid treatment and cold solvent extraction, yielding 3.21 ± 0.5 mg/g dry yeast carotenoids and 0.175 ± 0.01 g/g dry yeast lipids. A safety test on human fibroblasts showed no cytotoxic effects in the obtained extract. Using experimental results as input parameters, three simulation scenarios were constructed in SuperPro Designer, with a product composed of lipids (97.41 % w/w) and carotenoids (2.59 % w/w): Scenario 1 (500 kg/year), Scenario 2 (1000 kg/year), and Scenario 3 (2000 kg/year). Adequate selection of equipment size can reduce both operational and capital expenses. Revenues were mainly linked to lipid production due to higher mass yields. Future work should focus on process scalability, feeding regime optimization, medium formulation, extract composition and functionality, and environmental impact assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20811,"journal":{"name":"Process Biochemistry","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 112-125"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Process BiochemistryPub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-10DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2025.12.005
Aref Honarparvaran , Mohammad Reza Mehrnia , Fatemeh Pourasgharian Roudsari
{"title":"Enhanced adsorption capacity of mesoporous composite agarose beads for glycoprotein separation: Experiments and mathematical modeling as a prerequisite for scale-up","authors":"Aref Honarparvaran , Mohammad Reza Mehrnia , Fatemeh Pourasgharian Roudsari","doi":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Affinity chromatography is an economic bottleneck in scaling downstream bioprocesses. This study employs experimental and modeling methodologies to examine key parameters influencing the adsorption capacity of a medium-sized glycoprotein on boronate affinity column. To investigate the impact of intraparticle nanostructure on adsorption capacity, Composite Beads were fabricated, exhibiting enhanced porosity (30 %) and mechanical robustness (18 %). The increased dynamic binding capacity (DBC) of columns suggests facilitated pore diffusion within Composite Beads’ mesoporous structure. Mathematical modeling using the General Rate Model (GRM) and the Pore Diffusion Model (PDM) was utilized to predict the columns’ breakthrough curves and the beads’ saturation rate, respectively. PDM revealed a relatively prolonged saturation of Composite Beads compared to Agarose Beads. Evaluating the influence of column dimensions on the DBCs elucidated that enlarging the column diameter wielded a more pronounced impact (15 %) than altering the column length (9 %), highlighting the importance of overcoming intraparticle diffusion resistance. The non-equilibrium-based GRM, not only predicted breakthrough curves of columns with varying dimensions (Absolute Average Deviation of 7.63 %) but also the intricate behavior of columns packed with Beads possessing diverse adsorption capacities. The outcomes of this study provided valuable insights for the prospective scale-up of nanostructured beads in affinity chromatography columns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20811,"journal":{"name":"Process Biochemistry","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 152-163"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145786577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Process BiochemistryPub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-14DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2025.12.010
Xue Han , Dong Han , Aixue Dong , Jinghao Cai , Jing Shen , Runbo Wang
{"title":"Laccase-mediated oxidative polymerization of gallic acid for wool fabric dyeing and functionalization","authors":"Xue Han , Dong Han , Aixue Dong , Jinghao Cai , Jing Shen , Runbo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.12.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.12.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laccase-catalyzed gallic acid polymerization represents a clean, in-situ dyeing method for wool fabrics that addresses the pollution issues in traditional dyeing processes. This study employs four dyeing processes to achieve laccase-catalyzed polymerization of gallic acid on wool fabrics, systematically comparing the effects of the different processes on dyeing performance and functional properties. The results demonstrate that the pre-polymerization and subsequent dyeing method produced the deepest color (<em>K/S</em> = 5.33) and the highest level of UV protection (UPF = 306.32) of all the processes. All dyed fabrics exhibited good color fastness (≥ grade 3) and enhanced functionality, including improved tensile strength and increased hydrophilicity, albeit with reduced alkali resistance. Spectroscopic analysis confirms the formation of covalent bonds between wool fibers and polymerized gallic acid via laccase-mediated oxidation. These findings highlight advancements in the enzymatic polymerization of phenolic compounds for colored textile surfaces and offer potential applications in enzymatic dyeing and sustainable textile processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20811,"journal":{"name":"Process Biochemistry","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 215-224"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145786578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multistory interface fermentor coupled with an adsorption unit: Application to the production of a biologically active azaphilone metabolite, (+)-sclerotiorin, with Penicillium sclerotiorum NBRC 113796","authors":"Shinobu Oda , Fuka Kumazaki , Riko Murakami , Yoshihiro Watanabe , Masato Iwatsuki","doi":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.12.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.12.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel fermentation system, interface fermentor (IFF), was constructed and applied to the production of (+)-sclerotiorin (SCL) which was a fungal secondary metabolite having various biological activities. The IFF was composed of a nutrient agar plate (bottom phase), a fungal mat (middle phase), and a hydrophobic organic solvent (top phase). Six fermentor units stacked were connected by oil-tolerant rubber tubes to form a fermentor tower. Two fermentor towers were jointed in parallel to an adsorption unit packed with adsorbent granules (silica gel). While an organic solvent, low-density dimethylsilicone oil, in the units overflowed into right under ones, the solvent in both bottom units overflowed into the adsorption unit. The solvent in the adsorption unit was forwarded to head units in each fermentor tower with a circulation pump. The efficacy of the multi-story IFF system was proved by through the production of SCL with <em>Penicillium sclerotiorum</em> NBRC 113796. The IFF coupled with an adsorption unit, of which total surface area and volume of agar plates were 5508 cm<sup>2</sup> and 10.8 L, gave 7.91 g of SCL in total by 4 weeks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20811,"journal":{"name":"Process Biochemistry","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 261-268"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Process BiochemistryPub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-14DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2025.12.011
Yifan Yin , Zhicheng Shi , Jiayan Zhang , Xiao Feng , Hongguang Guo , Zaixing Huang , Michael Urynowicz
{"title":"Gradient voltages stimulation of biogenic coalbed methane: Insights into the evolution of distinct habitats","authors":"Yifan Yin , Zhicheng Shi , Jiayan Zhang , Xiao Feng , Hongguang Guo , Zaixing Huang , Michael Urynowicz","doi":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.12.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.12.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) could enhance anaerobic biodegradation of coal, thereby facilitating biogenic methane production. This study investigated the effects of gradient voltages (0 V-1.5 V) on coal-to-methane conversion. The changes in methane production, current, microbial communities, coal structure and liquid-phase organics were analyzed. Methane production peaked at 330.63 µmol/g coal at 1.2 V, increased by 31.4 % compared with 0 V. Effective voltage generated current peaks in early stage, facilitating organics oxidation. High-throughput sequencing and quantitative PCR revealed that <em>Pseudomonas</em> and <em>Enterobacter</em> were dominant bacteria in sediment, suspension, anode, and the maximum bacterial biomass in sediment and suspension increased by 66.1 % and 47.4 %, respectively. <em>Methanosarcina</em> and <em>Bathyarchaeia</em> in suspension were main archaea for methane production, with total biomass increasing by 46.8 % at 0.6 V and 83.4 % at 1.2 V. FTIR and GC-MS results confirmed that voltage stimulation accelerated coal biodegradation, utilized aromatic substituents and oxygen-containing groups, increased aliphatic branching and enhanced transformation of hydrocarbons. Overall, applied voltages could enhance methane production, with 0.6 V and 1.2 V showing more pronounced effects. This was achieved by providing electrons, increasing biomass, and promoting degradation. The findings offered theoretical guidance for the application of MECs to enhance coal-to-methane conversion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20811,"journal":{"name":"Process Biochemistry","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 204-214"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145786506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}