Process Biochemistry最新文献_第2页

Cracking the lignocellulosic code: Comparative insights into various pretreatment techniques for enhanced degradation in cattle manure

IF 3.7 3区生物学

Process Biochemistry Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2025.03.006

Qian Zhang , Zhixuan Yin , Deming He , Wenjun Yan , Changqing Liu

{"title":"Cracking the lignocellulosic code: Comparative insights into various pretreatment techniques for enhanced degradation in cattle manure","authors":"Qian Zhang , Zhixuan Yin , Deming He , Wenjun Yan , Changqing Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.03.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High content of refractory lignocelluloses in cattle manure has long been a major bottleneck, severely hindering its anaerobic biogas production potential. In this study, a comparative analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of thermal pretreatment, alkali pretreatment, and their combined approach on the degradation of lignocellulosic components within cattle manure. The results revealed that thermal-alkali pretreatment achieved the most significant improvement in lignocelluloses degradation, outperforming both alkali-only and thermal-only pretreatments, particularly in terms of lignin degradation. Notably, NaOH dosage was found to have a more pronounced impact on degradation efficiency than temperature. Under the most favorable pretreatment conditions, which involved a 2 % NaOH dosage and a temperature of 110 °C, the degradation efficiencies of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin reached 51.3 %, 26.5 %, and 45.7 %, respectively. This marked improvement led to the release of soluble biodegradable organics, including protein and carbohydrate, thereby enhancing the bioconversion potential in subsequent processes. Moreover, the release of ammonia and phosphate further elevated the possibility of efficient nutrients recovery, adding additional value to the pretreatment. Scanning electron microscopy analysis further revealed substantial alterations to the morphological characteristics of coarse fibers in cattle manure after the pretreatments, providing visual evidence of the enhanced degradation of lignocellulosic structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20811,"journal":{"name":"Process Biochemistry","volume":"153 ","pages":"Pages 34-46"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microbiological mechanisms and effects of dissimilatory iron reduction on combined contaminants bio-transformation: A review

IF 3.7 3区生物学

Process Biochemistry Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2025.03.004

Yue Yang, Haibo Li, Yajue Yuan, Yaqin Zheng, Tianle Zhang, Yichen Wu

{"title":"Microbiological mechanisms and effects of dissimilatory iron reduction on combined contaminants bio-transformation: A review","authors":"Yue Yang, Haibo Li, Yajue Yuan, Yaqin Zheng, Tianle Zhang, Yichen Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria (DIRB) has been executed to degrade organic matters and reduce heavy metals simultaneously due to its unique extracellular electron transfer (EET) mechanism, there is still a challenge to define a synergistic way for combined pollution control. Organic matters and heavy metals can serve as electron donators and acceptors respectively, and electrons will be indirectly transferred interactively <em>via</em> bio-transmembrane. Many literatures indicated that dissimilatory iron reduction (DIR) can induce the ferric redox formation, and consequently promote the bio-metabolic activity, which could stimulate a series of beneficial reactions, such as bio-Fenton. Unfortunately, up to now, little was known about how and why DIRB can execute the above bio-transformation. A deep insight into EET and a systematic illustration of the DIRB-driving reactions will be helpful for understanding how DIRB works. The objective of this review is to focus on clarifying the EET of typical DIRB and revealing how DIR strengthen the combined pollution treatment. Most importantly, several gaps in the application of DIRB have been identified, along with proposed solutions, offering an innovative approach to addressing these challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20811,"journal":{"name":"Process Biochemistry","volume":"153 ","pages":"Pages 47-65"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143636442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Trehalose-powered membraneless enzymatic fuel cell based on flexible alginate composite hydrogel bioelectrodes

IF 3.7 3区生物学

Process Biochemistry Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2025.03.003

Said Nawab , Chong Sha , Syed Bilal Shah , Hareef Ahmed Keerio , Zhiguang Zhu , Yang-Chun Yong

{"title":"Trehalose-powered membraneless enzymatic fuel cell based on flexible alginate composite hydrogel bioelectrodes","authors":"Said Nawab , Chong Sha , Syed Bilal Shah , Hareef Ahmed Keerio , Zhiguang Zhu , Yang-Chun Yong","doi":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the design and optimization of a membraneless flexible gel-type enzymatic biofuel cell (EBFC) driven by trehalose for electricity generation. The EBFC was fabricated by printing bioelectrodes on non-woven fabrics encapsulating the enzymes in alginate composite hydrogel, and a conductive carbon layer was incorporated to improve electrochemical transfer. Optimization of trehalase loading revealed that a maximum power density of 4.69 μW/cm<sup>2</sup> was obtained with a trehalase loading of 3.5 U per 6 mL of 50 mM trehalose. Further optimization of the GOx-to-hydrogel ratio in the anode resulted in a maximum power density of 7.45 μW/cm<sup>2</sup>. Evaluations at different trehalose concentrations demonstrated proportionate increases in voltage, power density, and current density, achieving the highest power density of 10.74 μW/cm<sup>2</sup> at 100 mM. Connecting three EBFCs in series considerably enhanced power output, achieving a four-fold improvement in power density to 41.32 μW/cm<sup>2</sup> compared to a single cell. The EBFC also generated power from cockroach hemolymph, with a maximum power density of 8.05 μW/cm<sup>2</sup>. These results highlight that this flexible gel-type EBFC has the potential to be employed in the development of both trehalose-powered and glucose-powered EBFC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20811,"journal":{"name":"Process Biochemistry","volume":"153 ","pages":"Pages 18-25"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improving 3′-sialyllactose biosynthesis in Escherichia coli by engineering Neisseria meningitidis 406Y α2,3-sialyltransferase

IF 3.7 3区生物学

Process Biochemistry Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2025.03.002

Qian Lin , Yuanlin Liu , Hao Wang , Zhaolin Huang , Wenbo Zhang , Mian Sheng , Yingying Zhu , Ruiyan Wang , Wanmeng Mu

{"title":"Improving 3′-sialyllactose biosynthesis in Escherichia coli by engineering Neisseria meningitidis 406Y α2,3-sialyltransferase","authors":"Qian Lin , Yuanlin Liu , Hao Wang , Zhaolin Huang , Wenbo Zhang , Mian Sheng , Yingying Zhu , Ruiyan Wang , Wanmeng Mu","doi":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>3′-Sialyllactose (3′-SL, Neu5Ac<em>α</em>2,3 Gal<em>β</em>1,4Glc), a prominent sialylated human milk oligosaccharide (HMO), has attracted significant attention due to its diverse physiological properties. The efficient <em>α</em>2,3-sialyltransferase (<em>α</em>2,3-SiaT) is crucial for the biosynthesis of 3′-SL. In this study, the 3′-SL biosynthetic pathway was constructed in EZAK (<em>E. coli</em> BL21(DE3) Δ<em>lacZ</em>Δ<em>nanA</em>Δ<em>nanK</em>). 406NST, which exhibits a high 3′-SL yield and low by-product formation, was chosen for molecular modification. Five amino acid differences between 406NST and NST were targeted for site-directed mutagenesis. Subsequently, saturation mutagenesis was carried out at the D40 position, followed by superimposed multipoint mutagenesis to generate the optimal strain Z28 (406NST-D40R-N113D-P120H), resulting in an extracellular 3′-SL yield of 4.67 g/L in shake flasks. In a 5 L bioreactor, the extracellular 3′-SL yield reached 29.54 g/L, achieving an overall 3′-SL yield of 0.52 g/L/h and a lactose conversion yield of 0.62 mol 3′-SL/mol. In conclusion, a highly active and specific <em>α</em>2,3-SiaT was successfully constructed, significantly improving the yield of 3′-SL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20811,"journal":{"name":"Process Biochemistry","volume":"153 ","pages":"Pages 11-17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A higher C/N ratio enhances nitrogen treatment and the biodiesel characteristics of algal-bacterial bioflocs derived from aquaculture wastewater

IF 3.7 3区生物学

Process Biochemistry Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2025.02.007

Fangzheng Hu , Ruoyu Chen , Yao Li , Dachuan Sun , Hongxin Tan

{"title":"A higher C/N ratio enhances nitrogen treatment and the biodiesel characteristics of algal-bacterial bioflocs derived from aquaculture wastewater","authors":"Fangzheng Hu , Ruoyu Chen , Yao Li , Dachuan Sun , Hongxin Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.02.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the major issues facing intensive aquaculture is controlling pollution and converting nutrients in the effluent into usable biomass. This study investigated the generation of algal-bacterial bioflocs (ABBs) from <em>Chlorella pyrenoidosa</em> at different C/N ratios in aquaculture wastewater supplemented with glucose. Subsequently, we evaluated the nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism of this biomass, analyzed nutrient composition and potential as a biodiesel, conducted a thorough analysis of the microbial community. During the ABBs production, higher C/N ratio promoted the utilization of various forms of nitrogen, but resulted in more nitrogen losses. ABBs produced at high C/N ratio was more favorable for nitrogen conversion in light and dark conditions, especially at C/N 15, but unfavorable for crude protein (35.08 ± 1.89 %) and crude fat (13.01 ± 1.79 %) accumulation. Additionally, ABBs produced with glucose supplementation exhibited a higher cetane number, which is advantageous for producing eco-friendly, high-performance biodiesel. The high-throughput sequencing analysis demonstrated a significant abundance of <em>Pesudomonas</em> and <em>Bacillus</em> in high C/N ratio groups, which explained the higher removal efficiency and removal rate of nitrogen from wastewater. In conclusion, the addition of carbon sources improved both nitrogen removal and biodiesel performance of ABBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20811,"journal":{"name":"Process Biochemistry","volume":"153 ","pages":"Pages 1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The impact mechanism of Manno-oligosaccharides on ammonia oxidation and microbial communities during aerobic composting

IF 3.7 3区生物学

Process Biochemistry Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2025.03.001

Manli Duan , Mingxiu Li , Risheng Li , Xin Zhang , Xu Guo , Yuhua Zhang

{"title":"The impact mechanism of Manno-oligosaccharides on ammonia oxidation and microbial communities during aerobic composting","authors":"Manli Duan , Mingxiu Li , Risheng Li , Xin Zhang , Xu Guo , Yuhua Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ammonium oxidation process is a critical step in the nitrogen cycle during aerobic composting, affecting the efficiency of nitrogen transformation and the quality of the compost. This study employed quantitative PCR and high-throughput sequencing to investigate the effects of different concentrations of Manno-oligosaccharides (MOS) (0.1 %, 0.5 %, 1.0 %, and 2.0 %) on nitrogen dynamics and ammonia-oxidizing microbial communities in composting cattle manure and straw, with a control. The results indicated that different concentrations of MOS increased the peak temperatures during the thermophilic stage of composting to above 60°C, higher than that of the CK (57.4°C), while ensuring that all treatments met the requirements for harmless disposal. Particularly, the germination index (GI) of the 0.5 % manno-oligosaccharide treatment reached 109.3 %, demonstrating excellent treatment efficacy. The 0.5 % manno-oligosaccharide treatment significantly increased the NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>-N content in compost (<em>P</em> < 0.05). The copy number of AOB <em>amoA</em> gene in the M0.5 and M1 treatments during the compost maturation stage was significantly higher than that in other treatments. <em>Norank_p_environmental_samples</em> and <em>Nitrosomonas</em> are the dominant microorganisms driving ammonia oxidation in the compost. Especially in the treatment with 0.5 % MOS, they play a crucial role in the immobilization of ammonia nitrogen. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis showed a significant positive correlation between AOB <em>amoA</em> genes and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>-N in the 0.5 % oligosaccharide treatment, indicating effective promotion of nitrogen conversion by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the compost. These findings highlight the potential of manno-oligosaccharide as a biological modifier to improve composting efficiency and nitrogen management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20811,"journal":{"name":"Process Biochemistry","volume":"153 ","pages":"Pages 92-101"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Autocatalytic hydrothermal pretreatment for cassava bagasse depolymerization

IF 3.7 3区生物学

Process Biochemistry Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2025.02.015

Marcio Ricardo Graff , Edson Antônio da Silva , Thompson Ricardo Weiser Meier , Paulo André Cremonez , Dilcemara Cristina Zenatti , Sílvio Cesar Sampaio

{"title":"Autocatalytic hydrothermal pretreatment for cassava bagasse depolymerization","authors":"Marcio Ricardo Graff , Edson Antônio da Silva , Thompson Ricardo Weiser Meier , Paulo André Cremonez , Dilcemara Cristina Zenatti , Sílvio Cesar Sampaio","doi":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.02.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.02.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated pretreatment methods for cassava bagasse (CB) degradation before biodigestion: I) using cassava processing wastewater (CW) and water, and II) using the liquid hydrolysate from the first step as a catalytic agent. Mixtures of CB (6–134 g), CW (190–318 g), and water (76–204 g), were tested to optimize CB depolymerization, measured by yield (%) and increase (g.L<sup>−1</sup>) in reducing sugars (RS). In the first pretreatment (I) the conventional hydrothermal pretreatment (HTP) was performed, the optimal solid-liquid ratio was 0.21 (m/m), using 70 g of CB, 211.34 g of CW, and 118.67 g of water at 120ºC for 75 minutes. This resulted in a 41.32 ± 1.31 % of RS yield and an increase of 0.64 ± 0.02 g.L<sup>−1</sup> RS. In the second pretreatment (II), the optimal ratio from the first step was applied, achieving a higher yield of 73.30 % RS, an increase of 1.22 g.L<sup>−1</sup> RS. Neither furfural nor 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) were detected in the liquid hydrolysates. The study demonstrates that autocatalytic hydrothermal pretreatment (AHP) is an efficient strategy to depolymerize CB, enhancing its digestibility and RS availability. Moreover, incorporating CW into the hydrolysis process contributes to waste valorization, promoting environmentally sustainable practices in the cassava industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20811,"journal":{"name":"Process Biochemistry","volume":"153 ","pages":"Pages 110-121"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High-performance carboxymethyl cellulose stabilized Au-Ag nanoparticles using gamma rays for management of the airborne fungus Aspergillus sydowii AGH-5 OP593090

IF 3.7 3区生物学

Process Biochemistry Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2025.02.014

Rasha Mohammad Fathy , Ghadir E. Daigham , Amira Y. Mahfouz

{"title":"High-performance carboxymethyl cellulose stabilized Au-Ag nanoparticles using gamma rays for management of the airborne fungus Aspergillus sydowii AGH-5 OP593090","authors":"Rasha Mohammad Fathy , Ghadir E. Daigham , Amira Y. Mahfouz","doi":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.02.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.02.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The emergence of fungi resistant to existing antibiotics poses a challenge to scientists. Therefore, the use of nanoparticles as an alternative to antibiotics has become necessary in diseases treatment. This investigation was conducted to evaluate the antifungal effect of highly stable CMC/Au-Ag NPs against the human pathogenic fungi <em>A. sydowii</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>CMC/Au-Ag NPs were synthesized with gamma rays and characterized using “FTIR, XRD, DLS/zeta, SAED, SEM/EDX, and HR-TEM”. Antifungal potential of CMC/Au-Ag NPs against <em>A. sydowii</em> AGH-5 OP593090 was evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The maximum nano-forming dose of gamma irradiation was 50 kGy. CMC/Au-Ag NPs were spherical mono-dispersed with an average diameter of 32.93 nm. CMC/Au-Ag NPs at 400 µL showed significant antifungal activity with an inhibition zone of 34.2 ± 1.23 mm and 86.10 % reduction of mycelia biomass. The CMC/Au-Ag NPs displayed low cytotoxicity on normal human skin cells with IC<sub>50</sub> of 800.6 ± 3.52 µg/mL. At 1000 µg/mL, CMC/Au-Ag NPs revealed anti-inflammatory activity of 71.25 % with human erythrocytes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>CMC/Au-Ag NPs exhibited considerable antifungal activity against <em>A. sydowii</em>, suggesting potential usage in medical fields. The novelty of this study is the use of gamma irradiation in low-dose to synthesize CMC/Au-Ag bimetallic nanoparticles and their first use against the human pathogenic fungus, <em>A. sydowii.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":20811,"journal":{"name":"Process Biochemistry","volume":"152 ","pages":"Pages 58-74"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Functional evaluation of laminarin butyl esters: Antioxidant, skin-whitening, and anti-wrinkle properties

IF 3.7 3区生物学

Process Biochemistry Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2025.02.012

Kit-Leong Cheong , Keying Liu , Suresh Veeraperumal , Gowsika Jaikumar , Sathuvan Malairaj , Xiaofei Liu , Xuejing Jia , Peiying Zheng , Hengyi Jiang , Ruixu Cai , Saiyi Zhong , Udayakumar Veerabagu

{"title":"Functional evaluation of laminarin butyl esters: Antioxidant, skin-whitening, and anti-wrinkle properties","authors":"Kit-Leong Cheong , Keying Liu , Suresh Veeraperumal , Gowsika Jaikumar , Sathuvan Malairaj , Xiaofei Liu , Xuejing Jia , Peiying Zheng , Hengyi Jiang , Ruixu Cai , Saiyi Zhong , Udayakumar Veerabagu","doi":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.02.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.02.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laminarin, a polysaccharide derived from brown algae, has gained attention for its potential biological activities. However, its application in cosmetic formulations is limited due to its functional properties. To enhance its bioavailability and performance, laminarin was modified through esterification to form laminarin butyl esters (LBE). This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant, skin-whitening, and anti-wrinkle properties of LBE and assess its potential as a novel ingredient in skincare products. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using in vitro assays, including DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging, both of which demonstrated significant free radical neutralizing capacity. Skin-whitening and anti-wrinkle activities were assessed by measuring the inhibition of tyrosinase and elastase. The results indicated that LBE exhibited significantly higher inhibitory effects than native laminarin, with tyrosinase inhibition reaching 26.7 % (compared to 4.7 % for laminarin) and elastase inhibition at 45.8 % (versus 18.5 % for laminarin). Additionally, LBE showed stronger anti-glycation activity, as it effectively inhibited Amadori products, dicarbonyl compounds, and advanced glycation end-products. These findings provide valuable insights into the modification of laminarin and its potential application in cosmetics, offering a foundation for the development of more effective, bioactive ingredients in the beauty industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20811,"journal":{"name":"Process Biochemistry","volume":"152 ","pages":"Pages 29-37"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of bubble size on microbial community in intermittently-aerated activated sludge process in wastewater treatment

IF 3.7 3区生物学

Process Biochemistry Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2025.02.011

Tetsuji Okamoto , Fumitake Takahashi , Mitsuhiko Koyama , Kiyohiko Nakasaki

{"title":"Effect of bubble size on microbial community in intermittently-aerated activated sludge process in wastewater treatment","authors":"Tetsuji Okamoto , Fumitake Takahashi , Mitsuhiko Koyama , Kiyohiko Nakasaki","doi":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.02.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.02.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although finer aeration bubbles improve the oxygen dissolution efficiency and activated sludge treatment performance, the effects of the changes in bubble size on the microbial community in activated sludge during intermittent aeration are often unknown. This study investigated the effect of aeration bubble size on the total microbial community, including prokaryotes (bacteria) and eukaryotes, during wastewater treatment at a food-processing plant with intermittent aeration in a single-tank reactor. Two types of diffusers were employed, showing distinctly different bubble size distributions, as confirmed by the Sauter mean diameter and bubble diameter histograms. Although the wastewater was well treated regardless of the bubble size, the microorganisms involved in the treatment process varied widely in terms of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In prokaryotes, the genus <em>Thiothrix</em> characteristically appeared in the fine-bubble reactor, whereas the genus <em>Kouleothrix</em> appeared in the large-bubble reactor. In eukaryotes, osmotrophs of the phylum <em>Cryptomycota</em>, a fungus, were found to be dominant in the fine-bubble reactors, whereas phagotrophs of the genera <em>Arcella</em>, <em>Euglypha</em>, and <em>Parachela</em> were found to be dominant in the large-bubble reactors. The anaerobic time per day (dissolved oxygen concentration of less than 0.1 mg/L) differed depending on the bubble size, and this was thought to be reflected in the differences in the microbial communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20811,"journal":{"name":"Process Biochemistry","volume":"152 ","pages":"Pages 38-46"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0