PRN: Distributive & Economic Justice最新文献

{"title":"Move Beyond The One-Hit Wonder of Economic Growth and Use the Whole Hymnal","authors":"Robert C. Tatum","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3730122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3730122","url":null,"abstract":"On the choir director’s stand, in the church of economists and policymakers, like a singly worn page of “Amazing Grace” in an otherwise untouched hymnal, is the anthem of economic growth. This song once had great life, but the tempo of GDP growth has slowed. Due in part to the slowing tempo, economic growth alone is insufficient for solving the myriad of ills present in contemporary society. Fortunately, the anthem of economic growth is just one page in the hymnal yet to be fully explored. Other pages from the hymnal can find their roots in a wider set of higher-order principles for the economy that could be derived from the Bible. These higher-order principles would likely concern work, rest, debt, stewardship, poverty, integrity, and our relationship to others and would support human flourishing if utilized. Consequently, this paper argues for the development and use of biblically-derived higher-order principles as guides for both defining economic goals and exploring ways to achieve them.","PeriodicalId":208075,"journal":{"name":"PRN: Distributive & Economic Justice","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130114153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The American Millennial Attraction to Socialism: Comparing the Economies of Chinese Communism, Crony Corporate Capitalism, European Crony Socialism, and the American Free Enterprise Entrepreneurial Economy","authors":"Laurie Thomas Vass","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3553839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3553839","url":null,"abstract":"Much of the academic analysis of American crony corporate capitalist economy addresses the micro economic effect on how individual firms use political influence to skew financial benefits to themselves.<br><br>The more damaging economic effect of crony capitalism is on the functioning of the national macro economy that has resulted in a bifurcated economic structure, comprised of large global firms who promote and benefit from global trade, and smaller regional firms located in 350 metro regions, who are not economically integrated into the globalist networks.<br><br>Paul Aligica and Vlad Tarko describe the difference between the global macro crony capitalism and the more conventional micro economic cronyism. <br><br>They state, <br><br>“(Micro economic cronyism) refers to insiders and businesses securing narrow tax, spending, and regulatory advantages. Cronyism is one cause of wealth inequality…Crony exchanges are based on trust, loyalty, family and long-standing social networks. <br><br>(Macro economic cronysism) refers to changes of laws at the top (Congressional) level as a result of lobbying and crony relations. The (change in laws) affects the entire industry, whereas bribery (in micro economic cronysism) tends to be firm-specific and with much smaller spillover effects on reducing competition.” (Paul Aligicia and Vlad Tarko, Crony Capitalism: Rent Seeking, Institutions and Ideology, Kyklos, May, 2014).","PeriodicalId":208075,"journal":{"name":"PRN: Distributive & Economic Justice","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115302826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Examination of Capitalism and the Fate of Nigeria’s Economy from the Point of View of Practical Morality","authors":"S. Ibekwe","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3581022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3581022","url":null,"abstract":"Following the oil boom of 1970s, Nigeria has experienced a tremendous change in its economy. This occurred as a significant increase in the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services. Rapid industrialization that took place mainly in the cities of Nigeria brought along with it a special kind of social movement that involved large amount of people moving away from the rural areas to the urban areas in search of jobs and other opportunities. As a consequent, money became the only valuable thing and the government started rapid privatization of the economy; and as a result, the economy became capitalist based. This paper therefore, is an attempt to explore the moral implications that the growing free market (capitalism) has on Nigerian economy/or the people at large. Using the prescriptive method of practical ethics, and going through analysis and evaluation, the paper suggests that Nigerian government should adopt an economic model that will be in consonance with the common good!","PeriodicalId":208075,"journal":{"name":"PRN: Distributive & Economic Justice","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116931272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Egalitarianism under Severe Uncertainty","authors":"Thomas Rowe, Alex Voorhoeve","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3881962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3881962","url":null,"abstract":"In the spring of 2009, a novel strain of the H1N1 influenza virus, containing a never before witnessed combination of gene segments from human influenza, two forms of swine influenza, and avian influenza, 1 was declared a global pandemic. The UK Government had to decide whether to undertake, at a cost of £1.2 billion (USD 1.9 billion at the time, equivalent to 1 percent of that year’s health budget), an extensive set of preparatory measures, including the purchase of both antiviral medication and a novel vaccine in quantities sufficient to cover the entire UK population, or whether instead to take substantially less costly measures, which would involve having only a limited supply of these medicines and vaccines at hand.2 The possible.","PeriodicalId":208075,"journal":{"name":"PRN: Distributive & Economic Justice","volume":"28 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133844979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Социальная Динамика: Российский Контекст. Преодоление Cоциальной Несправедливости (Social Dynamics: Russian Context. Overcoming of the Social Injustice)","authors":"L. Vasilenko, Алексей Михайлович Севастьянов, Natalia I. Mironova","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3017434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3017434","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Russian Abstract:</b> Книга является одним из удачных опытов междисциплинарного анализа феномена социальной несправедливости в современном российском обществе, позволяющего увидеть новый поворот в развитии социальной системы и новые возможности для ее развития. Поскольку «динамика насилия и несправедливости усиливается в зонах флуктуации, изменяя темпоральность системы, что увеличивает ее неоднородность и, в конечном итоге, разрывает социальную ткань, формируя новые пространства, «открывая окна возможностей» для проведения изменений», авторами выбран инструментарий, включающий сценарный подход и учитывающий социальную динамику. Показано, что процессы формирования нового порядка, прорастания принципиально новой социальной системы воспринимается социумом и существующей системой управления неоднозначно. Новые социальные факторы – параметры порядка, возникающие спонтанно в обществе, начинают подавляться другими факторами, известными как параметры управления. Это противостояние порождает всплески несправедливости, отражая непростую социальную динамику развития общества. <br>Книга рассчитана на широкий круг читателей – преподавателей, студентов, научных работников, лидеров организаций гражданского общества, предпринимателей инновационного типа, государственных служащих и специалистов, работающих в органах власти, а также всех граждан, заинтересованных в развитии России.<br><br><b>English Abstract:</b> The book is one of the most successful experiments, interdisciplinary analysis of the phenomenon of social injustice in modern Russian society, allows you to see a new twist in the social system and development of new opportunities for its development. Since the \"dynamics of violence and injustice is enhanced in the areas of fluctuations, changing the temporality of the system, which increases its heterogeneity and, ultimately tearing the social fabric, creating new spaces,\" opening the window of opportunity \"for change\", the authors selected tools, including scenario-based approach which takes into account the social dynamics.<br><br>The authors have shown that the formation of a new order, the germination of a fundamentally new social system is perceived by society and the existing control system is ambiguous. New social factors - the order parameters arising spontaneously in society begin to be suppressed by other factors, known as control parameters. This confrontation generates bursts of injustice, reflecting the difficult social dynamics of society.<br><br>The book is designed for a wide range of readers - teachers, students, academics, leaders of civil society organizations, entrepreneurs of innovative type, civil servants and professionals working in the government, and all citizens interested in the development of Russia.","PeriodicalId":208075,"journal":{"name":"PRN: Distributive & Economic Justice","volume":"393 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116329204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Islamic and Social Entrepreneurships for Social Justice: A Policy and Structural Framework for Social Enterprise Economics","authors":"Md. Mahmudul Alam, A. Bhuiyan, A. F. Alam","doi":"10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.4807774.V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.4807774.V1","url":null,"abstract":"Entrepreneurship is indispensable for progress of human civilization and effectively exploring and exploiting existing and potential resources for wellbeing of humanity. Modern economics operates basically through two major modes of entrepreneurships: the market/private sector economics relying on commercial entrepreneurships (self-interest- centric) and the state/public sector economics relying on state entrepreneurships (public-wellbeing-centric). However, both have, individually and jointly, failed to ensure economics‟ fundamental goal of wellbeing for human societies. In response, a community wellbeing-centric social enterprise economics (third sector), which features cooperatives and not-for-profit social enterprises in the name of foundations, trusts/awqāf, social businesses, and similar undertakings, has emerged as a make-up strategy to meet the minimum unmet requirements for social wellbeing. However, there is a strongly felt belief that this community wellbeing-centric social enterprise economics needs to be broadened and mainstreamed in order to include entirely charitable institutions, predominantly not-for-profit operations, and predominantly for-profit businesses but blended with provision of social welfare programs like corporate social responsibility, etc., for its emancipation as a major economic system to be able to play a leading role for ensuring desirable economic growth and development. Islamic entrepreneurship, which is basically a community-centric mode of business initiative, is closely related to social entrepreneurship. It is an antidote to the problem of intolerable economic and social dualism and a natural strategy against all forms of capitalist exploitation to control world resources, like, in the past, through European colonialism, and now, through American-led state terrorism. It is the natural guard against economic inequity, wealth concentration, and social divides. Based on its potential and using examples from Bangladesh and Malaysia, we argue that the Islamic style social entrepreneurship, which is operationally a profession for a mission, is intellectually and operationally superior and more efficient for effectively widening and mainstreaming community-centric social enterprise economics to ensure development with equity and social justice. The paper aims to put forward social enterprise economics (third sector) for dialogue and research in the context of effective functioning of modern economies ensuring community wellbeing.","PeriodicalId":208075,"journal":{"name":"PRN: Distributive & Economic Justice","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125123844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Rights and User Charges: Resistance or Subsumption","authors":"Amir Paz-Fuchs","doi":"10.4324/9781315524337-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315524337-18","url":null,"abstract":"Along with privatisation, contracting out and “new” management techniques, one of the important, but less discussed, manifestations of the way neo-liberal ideology and policies have changed social services is through the requirement that individuals pay for public services that were once offered free of charge. In the UK, for example, over 600 individual services impose user charges. A similar, but alternative, method is to offer a premium service in a given sector (e.g. health, education) at a prescribed cost. As an indication of the importance of the trend, the OECD has recently offered a definition of user charges which is relatively straightforward: “payments made by consumers to providers of government services”. Moreover, with the change of policy comes an additional change, that of expectations. If people once expected free (at the point of consumption, not production, of course) services, current generations are increasingly accustomed to receiving social services at a cost. Through these relatively small charges, the relationship between the citizen and the state is being transformed. The citizen, we are told, is now the ‘citizen-consumer’, who “expects improved standards from public services, in line with those supplied by the private sector”. Replicating free market services, such charges are seen as part of an overall strategy to “roll back the frontiers of the state”. \u0000But if that is the case, where do rights come in? Rights, after all, are “especially sturdy objects to stand upon, a most useful sort of moral furniture”. They have the potential, at the very least, to alter the confines of the debate that would have taken place in their absence. A world without the right to freedom of speech, we assume, would be different from a world in which such a right is granted and respected. Focusing on social services in general, and on health and education in particular, we therefore need to inquire what impact social rights may have on this trend or on its effects.","PeriodicalId":208075,"journal":{"name":"PRN: Distributive & Economic Justice","volume":"223 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115124292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topicality of Linguistic Competence and Performance Teaching at Higher Educational Institutions","authors":"N. Prudnikova","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2716964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2716964","url":null,"abstract":"Highly developed economies of the West are characterized by innovative-orientation, and the modern economy is viewed as the “knowledge economy”.Competitiveness of the higher educational institutions graduates is determined by their “global thinking” based on the human values, principles of citizenship, ability to further education and development as well as self-upbringing.It is stated in research papers that nowadays EFL competence is not a trait of a person from the elicit community but a necessary skill of all the employees as well as in the past literacy was the characteristic of upper class and at present it is important for any average person.It is evident that good knowledge of English language provides export and import of intellectual capital, that is, academic mobility of lecturers and students, their participation in the international conferences and involvement into the international projects, mutual programs and developments.Writing became very important only after competence-oriented approach of Bachelors’ and Masters’ instruction was introduced in the Russian Federation because creative writing became necessary for the new educational standards. Significance of writings is determined by the shift of the higher educational institutions to the grant earning activity, connected with writing lots of documents such as application letters, reports, blogs, e-mails, forms, working papers and papers in the international repositories. Moreover qualification demands to the international exams’ results comprise writing skills at least at the Intermediate level. It is important to understand that writing teaching is not a linear process. It is a complex and multi-hierarchical process, the result of which is a shift to communicative variant of texts, that are not adapted to the learning process and are closely connected with actual situations of life. Creative writing is a very complex, time-consuming and slow process, but it is one of the challenges of the modern linguo-didactics. Interdisciplinary approach is applied for both learning fiction and for creating one’s own texts. Reading works of fiction, their discussion, analysis and composing one’s own texts is the affective and cognitive process. Reflexive work stimulates emotional feedback of the students, and improves the teaching effect. It is important that specialists in linguo didactics consider learning fiction as the second best way to understand the foreign language environment, the first being staying among the native speakers in their own country. This fact proves that learning fiction is very useful for formation of the EFL competence at the high level.","PeriodicalId":208075,"journal":{"name":"PRN: Distributive & Economic Justice","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133209152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Space Channels Wage Convergence: The Case of Russian Cities","authors":"Vera Ivanova","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2717492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2717492","url":null,"abstract":"Existing empirical work on the growth of Russian regions mostly covers a short time period and considers only regional-level data, while citylevel spatial data of the postreform era remain largely ignored. Using citylevel geocoded data covering 997 cities and towns from 1996 until 2013, I nd sigma- and betaconvergence across Russian cities in wages. City wages during the period under consideration display signicant and positive spatial autocorrelation. Spatial Durbin models of the Barro regression are estimated using Markov chain Monte Carlo methodology. Estimates of the spatial models for dierent weight matrices indicate that the city wage growth is signicantly aected by wage growth rates in neighboring cities, after conditioning on initial wages.","PeriodicalId":208075,"journal":{"name":"PRN: Distributive & Economic Justice","volume":"304 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114129852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Is Value?","authors":"Mukul Pal","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2663131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2663131","url":null,"abstract":"The work of Jules Regnault, Francis Galton, John Rae and Vilfredo Pareto covered Duration, Behavior, and Value. Regnault talked about stock market science, statistical nature of Value, duration importance and price behavior. Galton laid the foundation for the robust behavior of Reversion in natural phenomenon. Rae introduced the idea of intertemporal choices which showcased time inconsistency in human behavior and Pareto talked about another robust behavior now known to be ubiquitous in natural systems as a power law. Duration, Behavior, and Value are inseparable. Statistical behavior of natural systems (e.g. stock markets) expresses themselves durationally. And because stock market systems exhibit uncertainty and order, this creates inconsistencies (anomalies). Instead of acknowledging the statistical behavior of stock market systems, a few generations of researchers have focused on explaining these inconsistencies through behavioral biases, leading to a polarized debate around efficiency and inefficiency of markets. This debate has many casualties, one of the key being the global investor and how he(she) understands Value. If stock market systems function statistically, value creation and its transformation into growth are statistical phenomena rather than driven by fundamental, psychological or economic factors. Value is misunderstood by the global investor. Despite the fact that Value stocks move from an inexpensive state to expensive state while Growth under performs and drags in performance over the longer durations moving from an expensive state to a less expensive state, Value and Growth are interpreted as disconnected ideas which are assumed to be only defined fundamentally. This narrow definition of Value has added to the academic confusion around inconsistencies and created an investing style bias. Investing styles are at the heart of the investment business, which brings along with it new factors like ‘Size’. These various factors overlap with each other. On occasions, it has been even seen that the factors are a proxy for each other. This raises the question regarding the theoretical foundation driving the respective factors. If Value can be explained statistically, it will also explain factors like Growth, Size, Momentum and other factors and hence bring in a needed clarity of how markets function and whether there is a universal factor that drives stock market systems.","PeriodicalId":208075,"journal":{"name":"PRN: Distributive & Economic Justice","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125349411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}