PsyCh journal最新文献

{"title":"Culture-sex interaction in self-report empathy: The theory and meta-analyses.","authors":"Qing Zhao,&nbsp;Lili Zhou,&nbsp;Qiaoyue Ren,&nbsp;Xuejing Lu,&nbsp;Xiaoxiao Sun,&nbsp;David L Neumann,&nbsp;Qin Dai,&nbsp;Li Hu","doi":"10.1002/pchj.598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pchj.598","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Empathy is sharing and understanding others' emotions. Recently, researchers identified larger Western-Asian cultural differences in self-report empathy with females relative to males (i.e., the culture-sex interaction theory). Neglecting this phenomenon, previous researchers focused on identifying the cultural impact on empathy per se and reported divergent results. This meta-analysis aims to reveal the heterogeneity of the earlier publications and decode the heterogeneity as per the culture-sex interaction. The current results suggested the following: First, the cultural impact on empathy increased along with three sex stratification categories (male-only, mixed-sex, and female-only, in that order). Second, the effect size statistically differed between the binary classifications of sex (female-only > male-only). Third, the mixed-sex samples' effect size was positively regressed on the samples' sex ratio (i.e., percentage of females). The current results revealed the heterogeneity of previous publications and highlighted the significance of the culture-sex interaction effect on empathy for future investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":20804,"journal":{"name":"PsyCh journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"5-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10629665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced neural tracking of speech linguistic structures in children.","authors":"Lingzhi Kong,&nbsp;Mengying Wang,&nbsp;Danni Wu,&nbsp;Lingxi Lu","doi":"10.1002/pchj.622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pchj.622","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The adult brain can efficiently track both lower-level (i.e., syllable) and higher-level (i.e., phrase) linguistic structures to comprehend speech. When children actively or passively listened to speech, we found robust neural tracking of syllabic structure but marginally significant tracking of phrasal structure.</p>","PeriodicalId":20804,"journal":{"name":"PsyCh journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"161-163"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10637531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diabetes representations on adherence and quality of life: Do parents and adolescents differ?","authors":"Ana C Almeida,&nbsp;M Engrácia Leandro,&nbsp;M Graça Pereira","doi":"10.1002/pchj.591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pchj.591","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 1 diabetes is one of the most frequent chronic diseases in adolescents. To manage diabetes and prevent complications, a set of self-care behaviors needs to be implemented into family daily routines. This study analyzed diabetes representations in adolescents and their parents, the dissimilarities between them, and the relationship between illness dissimilarities and adherence/quality of life (QoL) in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. The sample included 200 participants: 100 adolescents with type 1 diabetes and 100 parents who accompanied the adolescents. Adolescents were assessed on adherence (Self-Care Inventory-Revised), quality of life (Diabetes QoL) and family support (Diabetes Family Behavior Scale). Both adolescents and parents were assessed on illness representations (Brief-Illness Perception Questionnaire). Dissimilarities in illness representations between parents and adolescents were performed using Olsen et al's proposal. Parents showed a more negative representation of diabetes than adolescents. Adolescents' illness representations, the dissimilarities between adolescents' and parents' illness representations, and family support were associated with adolescents' adherence and QoL. Higher family support moderated the relationship between the dissimilarity in timeline representations and QoL, explaining 17.8% of the variance on QoL. Adolescent's  gender (male) was a moderator in the relationship between adolescent's coherence and QoL, explaining 18.6% of the variance on QoL. Adolescent's gender (female) was a moderator in the relationship between timeline and QoL, explaining 11.9% of the variance on QoL. Being a male parent was a moderator in the relationship between adolescent's concerns and QoL, explaining 13.5% of the variance on QoL. Intervention programs should focus on illness representations, particularly on the dissimilarities between adolescents and parents, as well as on family support in order to promote adolescents' adherence and QoL.</p>","PeriodicalId":20804,"journal":{"name":"PsyCh journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"108-118"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10638150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High achievers, Schadenfreude and Gluckschmerz in New Zealanders and Chinese.","authors":"James G Phillips,&nbsp;C Erik Landhuis,&nbsp;Jay K Wood,&nbsp;Ying Wang","doi":"10.1002/pchj.582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pchj.582","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The willingness to support (or denigrate) high-profile individuals online was examined across cultures using the Tall Poppy Scale. A sample of 106 Chinese and 164 New Zealand Europeans answered an online questionnaire addressing their preference for high achievers to be rewarded or fail. Participants were asked whether they would vote to support reality TV contestants, and offered further information (about success or failure) on a debrief page. The Favour Reward scale predicted willingness to vote and support others. The Favour Fall subscale tended to predict time spent viewing achievement-related information on a debrief page. The Chinese sample did not prefer reward of high achievers, instead favoring their fall, but spent less time per click on the debrief page, suggesting they disliked recognizing individual achievement.</p>","PeriodicalId":20804,"journal":{"name":"PsyCh journal","volume":"11 6","pages":"873-884"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/54/90/PCHJ-11-873.PMC10087858.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9339250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The links among relative financial scarcity, thinking style, fatalism, and well-being.","authors":"Amparo Caballero, Itziar Fernández, Pilar Aguilar, Pilar Carrera","doi":"10.1002/pchj.566","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pchj.566","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the present research, we examined the links among relative financial scarcity, thinking style, fatalism, and well-being and their roles in predicting protective behaviors against COVID-19. Study 1 (N = 120) revealed that after an experimental manipulation to induce the perception of relative financial scarcity (versus financial abundance), people who perceived higher relative financial scarcity changed their thinking style to a more concrete mindset. In Study 2 (N = 873), the relative financial abundance-scarcity situation was measured, and the results showed that the greater the perceived relative financial scarcity was, the more concrete the mindset and the lower the sense of well-being. Importantly, we found that individuals who felt poorer but maintained an abstract thinking style reported higher well-being. Study 3 (N = 501) examined the influence of a concrete thinking style in people who perceived that their economic situation had worsened with the pandemic. The results showed that when this vulnerable population presented a more concrete mindset, they reported lower well-being, higher fatalism, and lower protective behavior against COVID-19. Thus, maintaining an abstract mindset promotes higher well-being, lower fatalism, and greater protective behaviors against COVID-19, even under economic difficulties. Because thinking style can be modified, our results encourage the development of new social intervention programs to promote an abstract mindset when people face important challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":20804,"journal":{"name":"PsyCh journal","volume":"11 6","pages":"885-894"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/52/f0/PCHJ-11-885.PMC10084287.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9279013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Separation of memory span and learning rate: Evidence from behavior and spontaneous brain activity in older adults.","authors":"Shuyuan Chen,&nbsp;Rui Li,&nbsp;Pengyun Wang,&nbsp;Juan Li","doi":"10.1002/pchj.550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pchj.550","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is unclear how the ability to initially acquire information in a first learning trial relates to learning rate in subsequent repeated trials. The separation of memory span and learning rate is an important psychological dilemma that remains unaddressed. Given the potential effects of aging on memory and learning, this study investigated the separation of memory span and learning rate from behavior and spontaneous brain activity in older adults. We enrolled a total of 758 participants, including 707 healthy older adults and 51 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients. Sixty-five participants out of 707 completed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning. Behaviorally, memory span and learning rate were not correlated with each other in the paired-associative learning test (PALT) but were negatively correlated in the auditory verbal learning test (AVLT). This indicated that the relationship between memory span and learning rate for item memory might be differentially affected by aging. Interaction analysis confirmed that these two capacities were differentially affected by test type (associative memory vs. item memory). Additionally, at three progressive brain activity indexes (ALFF, ReHo, and DC), the right brain regions (right inferior temporal gyrus and right middle frontal gyrus) were more negatively correlated with memory span, whereas, the left precuneus was more positively correlated with learning rate. Regarding pathological aging, none of the correlations between memory span and learning rate were significant in either PALT or AVLT in MCI. This study provides novel evidence for the dissociation of memory span and learning rate at behavioral and brain activity levels, which may have useful applications in detecting cognitive deficits or conducting cognitive interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20804,"journal":{"name":"PsyCh journal","volume":"11 6","pages":"823-836"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10326204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human faces and face-like stimuli are more memorable.","authors":"Marianna E Kapsetaki,&nbsp;Semir Zeki","doi":"10.1002/pchj.564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pchj.564","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We have previously suggested a distinction in the brain processes governing biological and artifactual stimuli. One of the best examples of the biological category consists of human faces, the perception of which appears to be determined by inherited mechanisms or ones rapidly acquired after birth. In extending this work, we inquire here whether there is a higher memorability for images of human faces and whether memorability declines with increasing departure from human faces; if so, the implication would add to the growing evidence of differences in the processing of biological versus artifactual stimuli. To do so, we used images and memorability scores from a large data set of 58,741 images to compare the relative memorability of the following image categories: real human faces versus buildings, and extending this to a comparison of real human faces with five image categories that differ in their grade of resemblance to a real human face. Our findings show that, in general, when we compare the biological category of faces to the artifactual category of buildings, the former is more memorable. Furthermore, there is a gradient in which the more an image resembles a real human face the more memorable it is. Thus, the previously identified differences in biological and artifactual images extend to the field of memory.","PeriodicalId":20804,"journal":{"name":"PsyCh journal","volume":"11 5","pages":"715-719"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9796299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10454625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Judgments of mathematical beauty are resistant to revision through external opinion.","authors":"Haoxuan Zhang, Semir Zeki","doi":"10.1002/pchj.556","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pchj.556","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We here address the question of the extent to which judgments of mathematical beauty (which we categorize as biological beauty) are resistant to revision through external opinion. A total of 100 mathematicians of different national and ethnic origins were asked to rate 60 mathematical equations for their beauty; after being presented a fictitious \"expert rating,\" they were asked to re-rate the same equations. Results showed that the judgments of mathematical beauty had a high level of resistance to external opinion. This is in line with the resistance to revision of a judgments for other categories of biological beauty.</p>","PeriodicalId":20804,"journal":{"name":"PsyCh journal","volume":"11 5","pages":"741-747"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9790661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10446432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The golden ratio as an ecological affordance leading to aesthetic attractiveness.","authors":"Daniela De Bartolo,&nbsp;Maria De Luca,&nbsp;Gabriella Antonucci,&nbsp;Stefan Schuster,&nbsp;Giovanni Morone,&nbsp;Stefano Paolucci,&nbsp;Marco Iosa","doi":"10.1002/pchj.505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pchj.505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The golden ratio (GR) is an irrational number (close to 1.618) that repeatedly occurs in nature as well as in masterpieces of art. The GR has been considered a proportion perfectly representing beauty since ancient times, and it was investigated in several scientific fields, but with conflicting results. This study aims at investigating if this proportion is associated with a judgment of beauty independently of the type of the stimulus, and the factors that may affect this aesthetic preference. In Experiment 1, an online psychophysical questionnaire was administered to 256 volunteers asked to choose among three possible proportions between the parts of the same stimulus (GR, 1.5, and 1.8). In Experiment 2, we recorded eye movements in 15 participants who had to express an aesthetic judgment on the same stimuli of Experiment 1. The results revealed a slight overall preference for GR (53%, p < .001), with higher preferences for stimuli representing humans, anthropomorphic sculptures, and paintings, regardless of the cultural level. In Experiment 2, a shorter dwell time was significantly associated with a better aesthetic judgment (p = .005), suggesting the possibility that GR could be associated with easier visual processing, and it could be hence considered as a visual affordance.</p>","PeriodicalId":20804,"journal":{"name":"PsyCh journal","volume":"11 5","pages":"729-740"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9787369/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10445375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inside the Michelangelo effect: The role of art and aesthetic attractiveness on perceived fatigue and hand kinematics in virtual painting.","authors":"Marco Iosa,&nbsp;Fabiano Bini,&nbsp;Franco Marinozzi,&nbsp;Gabriella Antonucci,&nbsp;Simona Pascucci,&nbsp;Giulia Baghini,&nbsp;Valeria Guarino,&nbsp;Stefano Paolucci,&nbsp;Giovanni Morone,&nbsp;Gaetano Tieri","doi":"10.1002/pchj.606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pchj.606","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It has recently been discovered that during a virtual reality task of painting, if the subjects have the illusion of recreating an artistic masterpiece, they improve their performances and perceive less fatigue compared to simply coloring a virtual canvas. This phenomenon has been called the Michelangelo effect. However, it was unclear if this effect was related to the aesthetic experience of beauty or if it was specific to artistic stimuli. To clarify this point, 26 healthy subjects performed the virtual task of erasing a blank sheet on the canvas, revealing an image that could be a painting or a photo, classified as beautiful or not. Beautiful paintings were famous artistic portraits, non-beautiful paintings were rough reproductions of them. Photos of popular people were matched with paintings according to their similarity for somatic traits, posture, and clothes. Beautiful and non-beautiful photos were classified according to whether the pictured person was famous or not for their beauty. For each stimulus the objective beauty, subjective beauty, and effort to complete the task perceived by the subject were self-assessed on a numerical rating scale, recorded and analyzed. Furthermore, the hand kinematic trajectory was instrumentally recorded and its spatiotemporal parameters were computed. Less fatigue was perceived for the paintings than for the photos (p = .020), but not for beautiful versus non-beautiful stimuli (p = .325). Only in the artistic stimuli, subjective beauty was found to be negatively correlated with perceived fatigue (p = .030) and performed errors (p = .005). The kinematic parameters were found to be affected by the interactions between the gender of the participant and that of the person in the photo. These results supported the idea that the Michelangelo effect was stronger when subjects interacted with artefacts, modulated by the perceived beauty of the artistic stimulus.</p>","PeriodicalId":20804,"journal":{"name":"PsyCh journal","volume":"11 5","pages":"748-754"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9827837/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10516571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}