{"title":"Nitrogen‐doped reduced graphene oxide/Fe2O3 hybrid as efficient catalyst for ammonium nitrate","authors":"Manel Nourine, Moulai Karim Boulkadid, Sabri Touidjine, Elamine Louafi, Hamdane Akbi, Hamoud Abdelali, Moulay Yahia Zakaria, Samir Belkhiri","doi":"10.1002/prep.202300274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prep.202300274","url":null,"abstract":"In this investigation, we successfully synthesized a hybrid material, N‐rGO@Fe<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>, via a one‐step hydrothermal process, comprising nitrogen‐doped reduced graphene oxide and α‐Fe<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>. Thorough characterization using diverse analytical methods validated its structure. Employing this hybrid composite as a catalyst, we studied its efficacy in the catalytic thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate (AN). The N‐rGO@Fe<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>/AN composite was prepared using a recurrent spray coating method with 3 % mass of the hybrid material. Thermo‐gravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analyses were employed to investigate the catalytic effect. Computational assessment of Arrhenius parameters was conducted through isoconversional kinetic approaches. Results from the kinetic analysis allowed the determination of the critical ignition temperature. Furthermore, calorific values for pure AN and N‐rGO@Fe<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>/AN were measured using an oxygen calorimetric bombe, revealing a 41 % reduction in activation energy barrier and a lowering of the critical ignition temperature from 292 °C to 283 °C upon incorporation of the hybrid material. Notably, the surface modification of AN with N‐rGO@Fe<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> resulted in an increase of 1440 J/g in the observed calorific values. These findings highlight the potential of N‐rGO@Fe<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> as an effective catalyst, offering promising implications for applications in enhancing ammonium nitrate thermal decomposition.","PeriodicalId":20800,"journal":{"name":"Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140623324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Munitions underwater – a problem for today","authors":"Adam Cumming","doi":"10.1002/prep.202400052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prep.202400052","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20800,"journal":{"name":"Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140612034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Madilyn R. Jerke, Grant A. Crawford, Lori J. Groven
{"title":"Processing of reactive Ni−Al powders via the LabRAM**","authors":"Madilyn R. Jerke, Grant A. Crawford, Lori J. Groven","doi":"10.1002/prep.202300192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prep.202300192","url":null,"abstract":"Reactive Ni−Al materials have been developed using a variety of methods, with high energy ball milling (HEBM) being one of the most common means for tailoring reaction behavior. Powder production limitations associated with HEBM, including the addition of process control agents, have inspired the exploration of an alternate manufacturing technique: acoustic dry milling with the Resodyn Laboratory Resonant Acoustic Mixer (LabRAM). The influence of acoustic milling time, intensity, and media size with respect to microstructure and reactive behavior of Ni−Al powders were evaluated in this work. After just 20 min of milling, a reactive composite Ni−Al microstructure was produced. Milling intensity and media size were directly proportional to the formation of more homogeneous composite powders. The reaction onset temperature was decreased to 446 °C, or ≈200 °C lower than that of unprocessed material. The method shows promise for the production of reactive powder for a host of applications.","PeriodicalId":20800,"journal":{"name":"Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140594293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A constitutive model of solid propellants considering aging and confinement pressure","authors":"Pengju Qin, Taotao Zhang, Xiangyu Zhang, Baolin Sha, Jinyou Xiao, Lihua Wen, Ming Lei, Xiao Hou","doi":"10.1002/prep.202300286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prep.202300286","url":null,"abstract":"Aging during storage and confinement pressure during launch are the two major loading conditions that affect the integrity of solid rocket motors. In comparison to other component materials, solid propellants, as highly filled composites, have a low modulus and fracture toughness and are therefore common sources of failure. The key to improving the integrity of the solid rocket motor is in assessing the health of the solid propellants during storage or launch. To address this issue, we revised the previous model for the progressive damage viscoelasticity of solid propellants to include the effect of chemical aging during storage and the influence of confinement pressure during launch. Specifically, the increase in relaxation time due to aging and the nonequilibrium volume dilatation characteristics under triaxial tension and compression of solid propellants have been considered. To validate the developed model, standard relaxation tests and uniaxial tensile tests on solid propellants without aging were used to calibrate the model parameters. Furthermore, the model was validated by comparison with uniaxial tensile tests under confined pressure after aging and well predicts the aging temperature/time-dependent mechanical responses of solid propellants. After validation, the developed model was used to study the influence of confinement pressure on microscopic damage evolution and macroscopic volume expansion. Overall, the developed model can be used for the analysis of the integrity of the solid rocket motor after the aging process.","PeriodicalId":20800,"journal":{"name":"Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140301620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhamed Suceska, Vjecislav Bohanek, Ivana Dobrilovic, Vinko Skrlec
{"title":"An empirical confinement model for ANFO explosive","authors":"Muhamed Suceska, Vjecislav Bohanek, Ivana Dobrilovic, Vinko Skrlec","doi":"10.1002/prep.202300343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prep.202300343","url":null,"abstract":"Ammonium-nitrate-fuel-oil (ANFO) explosive, one of the most used mining explosives, exhibits highly non-ideal behaviour. The non-ideality of the detonation is manifested in the strong dependence of the detonation velocity on the charge radius and existence and the characteristics of confinement. This can lead to the detonation velocities as low as one-third of the ideal velocity. The literature reported experimental detonation velocities of cylindrical ANFO charges confined in different confiners (aluminium, copper, steel, polymethyl methacrylate, and polyvinyl chloride) are analysed in this paper. An empirical confinement model, which relates the detonation velocity to the charge radius and the mass of the confiner to the mass of explosive ratio per unit length, is proposed. The model predicts the detonation velocity of unconfined and confined ANFO charges with a mean average percentage error of 8.8 %.","PeriodicalId":20800,"journal":{"name":"Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140301936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis method of explosive electromagnetic radiation energy","authors":"Yuanbo Cui, Jian Jiang","doi":"10.1002/prep.202300276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prep.202300276","url":null,"abstract":"The energy of electromagnetic radiation from explosions is coupled to electronic equipment circuits, disrupting the initiation sequence or causing failure in an increasing number of cases, which seriously affects the stability of weapon systems. There is a significant difference between the characteristics of the explosive electromagnetic radiation signals and modulated electromagnetic signals. The electric field intensity and signal power cannot directly represent the magnitude of the explosive electromagnetic radiation energy, and traditional electromagnetic signal analysis methods are unsuitable for explosion electromagnetic signal analysis. To solve this problem, the mechanism of explosive electromagnetic radiation was first analyzed. Through verification experiments of the explosion electromagnetic intensity and temperature, it was concluded that there is a strong correlation between the explosion plasma temperature and electromagnetic intensity. The temperature of the explosive plasma is derived based on the measured surface temperature of the explosive fireball, a functional relationship is established between the energy of the explosive plasma and the temperature of the plasma, and plasma energy is introduced as a parameter for electric field intensity correction. The interference signal analysis method based on eye diagram is used to calibrate the electromagnetic radiation damage ability, achieving quantitative analysis of the interference degree of electromagnetic radiation energy on the signal, and providing a new approach for the analysis of explosive electromagnetic radiation energy.","PeriodicalId":20800,"journal":{"name":"Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140303319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}