Public Health Reports最新文献

{"title":"Racial and Ethnic Disparities in COVID-19 Vaccination Intention and Uptake by July 2022 in Wisconsin.","authors":"Musheng L Alishahi, Komi Modji, Grace Seibert, Ian Pray, Ryan Westergaard","doi":"10.1177/00333549251368671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00333549251368671","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Understanding COVID-19 vaccination behavior can guide public health efforts to increase vaccination acceptance and uptake. We examined COVID-19 vaccination intention among Wisconsin residents and assessed racial and ethnic disparities in vaccine uptake.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed vaccination intention during COVID-19 testing registration in February 2021 and used the Wisconsin Immunization Registry to ascertain COVID-19 vaccination uptake by July 2022. We described differences in intention to get vaccinated and assessed the association between racial and ethnic identity and vaccination. We analyzed vaccination likelihood by using Cox proportional hazards models and presented adjusted hazard ratios (AHRs) with 95% CIs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 12 196 people, 9843 (80.7%) intended to be vaccinated against COVID-19. A higher proportion of non-Hispanic Black people (21.1%) than people in all other racial and ethnic groups did not intend to get vaccinated. Adjusting for vaccination intention, age group, sex, and neighborhood Area Deprivation Index, Hispanic people were 41% (AHR = 0.59; 95% CI, 0.54-0.64) less likely than non-Hispanic White people to get vaccinated. Compared with non-Hispanic White people, non-Hispanic Black people were 24% (AHR = 0.76; 95% CI, 0.68-0.84) less likely to get vaccinated and Asian people were 18% (AHR = 0.82; 95% CI, 0.75-0.90) less likely to get vaccinated.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Racial and ethnic disparities in vaccination uptake persisted despite controlling for intention. Efforts to focus public health resources on increasing COVID-19 vaccination among racial and ethnic minority groups are important.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"333549251368671"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145258990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guidance for the Methodological Challenges of Polytobacco Use in Tobacco Regulatory Science.","authors":"Robin Mermelstein, Mary Ann Pentz, Donald Hedeker, Janet Audrain-McGovern, Nancy L Fleischer, Bethany Bray, Daniel P Giovenco, Rachel Grana Mayne, Jana L Hirschtick, David P Mackinnon, David Strong, Simani Price, Cassandra A Stanton","doi":"10.1177/00333549251367589","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549251367589","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"333549251367589"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12479448/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145186619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Social Vulnerability and Infection-Induced SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Seroprevalence Among Children: United States, 2021-2022.","authors":"Yun Kim, Ronaldo Iachan, Marjorie Biel, Jefferson M Jones, Anna Bratcher, Kristie E N Clarke","doi":"10.1177/00333549251362041","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549251362041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Understanding the differential burden of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection by social factors is important to guide public health action. We evaluated the associations between county-level social vulnerability and infection-induced SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence and how associations changed over time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed pediatric national serosurvey data from 50 US states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico from September 2021 through December 2022 (N = 216 273). Specifically, we estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (APRs) of SARS-CoV-2 antibody seropositivity across terciles of overall county Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) scores and vulnerability scores across the 4 SVI domains: socioeconomic status, household characteristics, racial and ethnic minority status, and housing and transportation. We conducted multilevel mixed-effects Poisson models with robust variance estimation of the association of seropositivity with scores for SVI and its domains over time, adjusting for age, sex, rural/urban status, US Census region, and county vaccination rates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In September 2021, children residing in the highest (APR = 1.4) and medium (APR = 1.2) tercile counties by SVI score were more likely to have serologic evidence of past SARS-CoV-2 infection than those residing in the lowest tercile counties. This association attenuated over time; domain-specific vulnerability scores for socioeconomic status and household characteristics displayed similar associations and temporal patterns.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings demonstrate the dynamic nature of pediatric health during a public health emergency. The results reinforce the importance of data systems that allow public health agencies to be responsive through tailored strategies to support children experiencing the greatest health effects, thereby advancing opportunities for all people to attain their highest level of health.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"333549251362041"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12460274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of Suicidal Behaviors in Administrative Data as Measured by <i>International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision</i>-Based Codes, 2000-2024: A Rapid Review.","authors":"Spencer W Hensley, Precious Esie, Myduc Ta, Alastair Matheson","doi":"10.1177/00333549251350843","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549251350843","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Suicidal behaviors present public health challenges worldwide. Surveillance and research aimed at preventing suicidal behaviors often rely on administrative data. Existing systematic reviews examine the validity of methods for identifying suicidal outcomes in administrative datasets but do not include codes based on the <i>International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision</i> (ICD-10), despite their widespread use for >2 decades. This rapid review evaluates methods for identifying suicidal behaviors using ICD-10 codes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched PubMed and PsycINFO to identify relevant studies worldwide. Studies were included if they measured suicidal behaviors, used ICD-10 codes, validated the behaviors against a gold standard, and provided measures of accuracy (eg, specificity, sensitivity). We extracted data on study populations, data sources, ICD-10 codes used, gold-standard comparators, and accuracy measures from included studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 2246 studies identified, 9 met our inclusion criteria. For methods identifying suicide attempts, sensitivity ranged from 19% to 45%, specificity from 47% to 99%, positive predictive value from 21% to 82%, and negative predictive value from 65% to 92%. For methods identifying self-harm, sensitivity ranged from 12% to 85%, specificity from 98% to 100%, positive predictive value from 64% to 100%, and negative predictive value from 86% to 87%. Only sensitivity was reported for suicide death (range, 78%-97%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings indicate that sensitivity and positive predictive value for identifying suicide attempts using ICD-10 codes are low. Studies and surveillance methods relying on these codes might substantially underestimate rates of suicidal behaviors. ICD-10 codes may provide higher accuracy for identifying self-harm and other nonfatal suicidal behaviors than codes from the <i>International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"333549251350843"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12460277/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Among American Indian and Alaska Native People, Indian Health Service, 2016-2022.","authors":"Kaitlin Benedict, Jordan L Kennedy, Dallas J Smith, Dana L Haberling, Uzo Chukwuma","doi":"10.1177/00333549251372044","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549251372044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is an infection caused by the yeast <i>Candida</i> that affects more than 50% of women in their lifetime. We aimed to describe VVC among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) girls and women who were receiving care in the Indian Health Service (IHS) system during 2016-2022. We calculated the annual VVC prevalence per 1000 IHS user population and examined underlying medical conditions, previous diagnoses, and antifungal treatment. Among 6 million female patient-years, 70 766 patients had ≥1 VVC diagnosis code (2022 prevalence: 14.2 per 1000 IHS user population). Frequent previous or concurrent diagnoses included diabetes (24.8%), urinary tract infection (13.6%), screening for sexually transmitted infection (13.2%), and unspecified acute vaginitis or vulvitis (13.0%). Approximately one-third (33.1%) of patients received fluconazole, and 25.7% received prescription topical antifungal medication. VVC was a common condition among AI/AN patients who accessed care in the IHS health care system. VVC prevalence among AI/AN patients was similar to the prevalence among the broader US population. These data provide a baseline for future studies to evaluate diagnostic and treatment practices for VVC among AI/AN people.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"333549251372044"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12436319/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145065411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonfatal Overdose Biosurveillance: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study.","authors":"Maia N Bates, Caitlin Murphy, Zhicheng Jin, Bradley Burmeister, Heather M Barkholtz","doi":"10.1177/00333549251358671","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549251358671","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Nonfatal overdoses provide critical insights into the substance use crisis, offering opportunities for timely interventions and prevention. This study pilots a nonfatal overdose biosurveillance strategy to analyze the demographic, clinical, and toxicological profiles of overdose patients, aiming to identify patterns and risk factors associated with these incidents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed residual urine specimens collected from emergency department patients experiencing a nonfatal overdose at 2 hospitals in Wisconsin from August 2022 through February 2024. We collected data on patient demographic characteristics, results of clinical toxicology screening, manner of overdose, risk factors for overdose, and discharge status. Statistical analyses identified associations and odds ratios (ORs) among patient characteristics, detected drugs, and discharge status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 79 patients in the study, many had risk factors for overdose, including substance use disorder (48%), history of a mental health condition (43%), and polysubstance use (72%). Synthetic opioids had a strong positive association with a history of overdose (OR = 3.86). The presence of stimulants and antidepressants showed moderate sex-based associations, while race was linked to differing discharge status. Polysubstance use had a positive association with some drug combinations, such as narcotic analgesics and cocaine (OR = 4.00).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the prevalence of polysubstance use and identifies key demographic and clinical factors associated with nonfatal overdoses. These findings underscore the need for comprehensive, real-time biosurveillance to inform targeted public health interventions and improve patient outcomes. Enhanced understanding of these patterns can lead to more effective strategies for overdose prevention and management, addressing a critical gap in current public health approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"333549251358671"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12432015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Assessment of Knowledge and Awareness of Human Trafficking Among Health Care Professionals and Students in Texas, 2020.","authors":"Esther Nwokocha, Ya-Ching Huang, Bruce Machona, Janice Hernandez, Adam Blank, Li-Chen Lin","doi":"10.1177/00333549251361335","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549251361335","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Human trafficking results in negative health outcomes among survivors. However, a lack of awareness and understanding of human trafficking limits health care professionals' ability to provide appropriate care in primary and community care settings. We assessed the general understanding and awareness of human trafficking among students, staff, and faculty at The University of Texas at Austin.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used self-report instruments in an online survey to collect data on demographic characteristics and responses to questions on human trafficking knowledge, awareness, and the needs of survivors. We summarized participants' knowledge, awareness of, training on, and exposure to institutional protocols related to human trafficking and examined subgroup differences. We also analyzed participants' perspectives on awareness, training, and protocols in responses to open-ended items.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most respondents were female (80 of 85; 94.1%) and associated with the School of Nursing (84 of 85; 98.8%). The average for correct responses to knowledge of human trafficking was 70%. Few respondents (n = 11; 13%) had received at least 1 hour of training in human trafficking in the last year. Most respondents (n = 57; 67.1%) were unsure about ways to request training on human trafficking and whether their institution had any structure for addressing it. Not knowing how to assist human trafficking victims without putting them in danger was reported as difficult. A lack of knowledge and training was reported as a barrier to identifying victims.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Limited understanding and knowledge related to human trafficking and a lack of protocols for nursing professionals to address human trafficking are barriers to effective health care provision. Regular education for students and health care professionals would provide much-needed support for human trafficking survivors.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"333549251361335"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12432013/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cohort Tracking of Sickle Cell Trait-Positive Births Identified by Newborn Screening, California, 1991-2013: Public Health Surveillance for Sickle Cell Trait.","authors":"Susan T Paulukonis, Sophia Horiuchi, Tomia Austin, Elliott P Vichinsky","doi":"10.1177/00333549251361764","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549251361764","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Sickle cell trait (SCT) is the carrier status for sickle cell disease, and people with SCT have both hemoglobin A (HbA) and sickling hemoglobin (HbS). SCT is generally regarded as a benign condition, but clinical complications can be substantial. No registry or surveillance system exists to track health outcomes for people with SCT; this study aimed to identify methodology for surveillance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This longitudinal analysis included all live births with SCT identified by the California Department of Public Health Newborn Screening (NBS) Program from 1991 through 2013 and 3 matched controls per newborn, linked to death data in California for 1991-2013.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 94 240 live births with SCT and 282 720 matched healthy controls; 693 (0.74%) deaths occurred in the SCT group, and 1910 (0.68%) deaths occurred among the matched controls. Those with SCT had an increased mortality hazard ratio (MHR) compared with matched controls (11% higher; <i>P</i> = .02). When stratified, the MHR was higher among those aged 1 to 4 years (44% higher; <i>P</i> < .001) and 5 to 14 years (48% higher; <i>P</i> = .005) than among the matched controls. Examination of causes of death showed only a slightly higher-than-expected risk of death due to respiratory causes among people with SCT.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight the need for population-level research, including investigation into causes of death, to inform clinical management and counseling for SCT. Other states may replicate this methodology with population-based data sources. Further surveillance of the health of those with SCT is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"333549251361764"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12425937/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145034232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wastewater Monitoring: Improving Public Awareness and Understanding in the United States, May 2024.","authors":"Matthew W Kreuter, Rachel Garg, Alexis K Marsh, Ayokunle Olagoke, Olivia Weng, Victoria De La Vega, Cameron Dunn, Kimberly J Johnson","doi":"10.1177/00333549251359177","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549251359177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Although wastewater monitoring for virus detection has increased in communities worldwide, public awareness, understanding, questions, and concerns about wastewater monitoring are largely unknown. We assessed awareness, knowledge, and support for wastewater monitoring for detection of viruses and bacteria among US residents and elicited questions and concerns from residents about its use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a survey among a racially and ethnically diverse sample of residents in Colorado, Maryland, Missouri, Nebraska, and Texas to assess awareness, knowledge, and support of wastewater monitoring. We also asked an open-ended question to elicit further questions and concerns from survey participants about wastewater monitoring. Two independent reviewers coded the responses to the open-ended question.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 516 survey participants (52% White, 31% Black, 27% Hispanic ethnicity), 289 (56%) were aware that local public health departments and federal health agencies tested sewer water yet 334 (65%) knew \"little or nothing\" about wastewater monitoring. After participants were exposed to a brief description of the wastewater monitoring process, 80% \"supported\" or \"strongly supported\" wastewater monitoring to detect viruses and bacteria. When we analyzed responses to the open-ended question on wastewater monitoring, 3 broad categories and 9 subcategories of questions and concerns about wastewater monitoring emerged: (1) how wastewater monitoring works (mechanics, accuracy, cost, safety), (2) what is done with the findings generated by wastewater monitoring (public accessibility, government trust, public health response), and (3) what protections were in place against misuse of findings (privacy, fairness).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Proactive public education is needed to increase understanding, build support, and prevent disinformation about wastewater monitoring. Local systems are needed to share findings rapidly, clearly, and simply.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"333549251359177"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12414978/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145008477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Kindergarten Through Grade 12 All-Cause Absenteeism Data as an Indicator and Predictor of Respiratory Disease, 2018-2022.","authors":"Zachary W Oberholtzer, Seonghye Jeon, Lillian Fineman, Susan N Hocevar Adkins, Gloria J Kang, Kristi Imberi-Olivares, Lisa C Barrios, Martin I Meltzer","doi":"10.1177/00333549251365174","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549251365174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Increases in absenteeism among schoolchildren may precede increases in incidence of community-level respiratory diseases. This study assessed the correlations and predictive values between all-cause absenteeism among kindergarten through grade 12 students and community-level increases in influenza and COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used absenteeism data from 4 school districts (1 each in Arizona, California, Nevada, and Wisconsin) between fall 2018 (starting approximately late August) and spring 2022 (typically ending in May) to calculate correlations between school absenteeism and community-level cases of influenza, percentage of influenza-like illness, and COVID-19. We estimated the positive predictive value (PPV) of a ≥20% increase in school absences to predict a ≥20% increase in community respiratory disease 1 or 2 weeks later.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed a median correlation of 0.4 between absenteeism and influenza cases across school years and districts, with a maximum of 0.8. COVID-19 cases had a median correlation of 0.1 with school absenteeism during the 2021-2022 school year. The median PPV for predicting increases 2 weeks ahead was 0.4 for influenza and was 0.3 for COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Correlations and PPVs between all-cause school absenteeism and respiratory disease were variable, often <0.5. School and public health officials may find absenteeism an inconsistent predictor of community-level respiratory diseases, limiting its utility for syndromic surveillance. Standardizing absence definitions and improving reporting timeliness may enhance its effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"333549251365174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12414983/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145008483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}