Public Health Reports最新文献

{"title":"Hepatitis C Testing Protocols Across Massachusetts Jails, 2022-2023: An Opportunity for Intervention.","authors":"Caitlin M Farrell, Elizabeth C Pino","doi":"10.1177/00333549251325067","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549251325067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Hepatitis C virus (HCV), the most common blood-borne infection in the United States and a leading cause of liver disease, disproportionately affects populations who are incarcerated. Despite the prevalence of HCV infection among people involved in the criminal legal system, HCV testing and treatment policies are not yet standardized. Our study sought to examine the differences in HCV testing and treatment protocols across Massachusetts county jails.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, we examined the HCV testing and treatment protocols of the 14 county jails in Massachusetts from November 2022 through February 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 12 jails that responded to requests for information, 10 jails used opt-in testing, 1 jail used opt-out testing, and 1 jail had no testing protocol. All 12 jails explicitly inquired about HCV history at intake, but only 3 jails inquired about current HCV treatment. For the 5 jails that had treatment initiation policies, all had barriers to treatment, including mandatory length-of-stay or sobriety requirements.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings from this study underscore the need for policy changes that require adoption of universal opt-out HCV testing across county jails and standardized HCV treatment protocols, with a focus on linkage to outpatient care and treatment of substance use disorder. This approach can address HCV in populations who are incarcerated and can help mitigate health disparities between incarcerated people and the general public.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"333549251325067"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12170544/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public Health Response to COVID-19 Among Travelers Disembarked From the <i>Grand Princess</i> Cruise Ship, March 2020.","authors":"Rilene A Chew Ng, Maureen Fonseca-Ford, Cindy R Friedman, Kara Tardivel, Stefanie White, Ryan Murphy, Lyle R Petersen, Kathleen Attfield, William A Bower, Erin L Murray, Seema Jain, Mariel Marlow, William Wheeler, Lauren J Stockman, Paul Mead, Nicki T Pesik, Dale Rose, Paul J Weidle, Adam Readhead, Debra A Wadford, Aimee Treffiletti, Jonathon R Bartlett, Jeanne Eckes-Roper, John T Redd, Joanna J Regan, Lisa Rotz, Joaquin Rueda, Deborah Dee, Deniz Dominguez, Tamara Hennessy-Burt, Allison Jacobsen, Martin S Cetron, Clive Brown, Leah Moriarty, Shannon M Casillas, Paige A Armstrong, Ryan T Novak","doi":"10.1177/00333549251321762","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549251321762","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Cruise ship settings can facilitate transmission of respiratory infections. In March 2020, a COVID-19 outbreak occurred on the <i>Grand Princess</i> cruise ship. We describe the public health response, including a large-scale US federal quarantine intended to limit spread to communities not yet affected by COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All US residents and symptomatic people requiring hospitalization disembarked beginning on March 9 and were transported to designated US military bases for federal quarantine or to hospitals or alternate care sites for medical care. Foreign nationals remained on board (crew) or were repatriated (passengers). People under federal quarantine were monitored daily for symptoms and tested voluntarily for SARS-CoV-2 upon arrival, as tests became available, and if symptoms developed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 3582 travelers (passengers and crew) on board, 2013 (56%) went to military bases, 59 (2%) went to hospitals or alternate care sites, 419 (12%) were repatriated, and the remainder (crew) quarantined on board. Overall, 1144 travelers (32%) were tested for SARS-CoV-2; of those, 155 (14%) had a positive test result. Among 2013 US residents quarantined, 1054 (52%) were tested. Of those, 115 (11%) had a positive test result, 37 (32%) of whom were symptomatic at testing. Proportions tested across bases ranged from 28% to 89%; test positivity ranged from 10% to 16%. Of 31 travelers hospitalized, the median (IQR) stay was 4 (4-9) nights, and 9 (29%) travelers died of SARS-CoV-2 complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The <i>Grand Princess</i> outbreak was the first confirmed COVID-19 outbreak on a cruise ship in US waters. Multiagency public health responses allowed for isolation and quarantine, potentially helping to slow transmission into US communities. Ensuring that cruise ships have plans for communicable disease control and mitigation helps protect passenger and crew well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"333549251321762"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12170557/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Individual-Level Preparedness for Natural Disasters and Trust in Disaster Assistance in the United States, 2024.","authors":"Christine Crudo Blackburn, Matthew R Boyce, Mayra Rico, Kirk Niekamp, Jason Moats, Tiffany Radcliff, Elizabeth Thomas","doi":"10.1177/00333549251341236","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549251341236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Preparation for disasters at an individual level is one of the most fundamental and least expensive methods to prepare for disasters. We investigated predictors for individual-level natural disaster preparedness and trust in disaster assistance among adults aged ≥18 years in the United States.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To examine individual-level preparedness for natural disasters in the United States, we conducted an online survey grounded in the theory of planned behavior from April 24 through June 3, 2024. We used logistic regression models to analyze relationships between individual-level preparedness outcomes and demographic and socioeconomic characteristics (<i>P</i> < .05 indicated significance).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2898 individuals completed the survey. Individual-level preparedness for natural disasters and trust in disaster assistance were significantly higher among respondents previously affected by a natural disaster, who were 233% and 134% more likely to have an evacuation plan and an emergency kit, respectively, than respondents with no disaster experience. Female respondents were 21% and 19% less likely to have an evacuation plan and an emergency kit, respectively, than male respondents, and unemployed respondents were 41% and 47% less likely to have an evacuation plan and an emergency kit, respectively, than employed respondents. Age, annual household income, and political affiliation were also significant predictors for selected aspects of individual-level preparedness. For example, respondents aged ≥65 years were 63% more likely to state confidence in knowing where to get disaster information than respondents aged 18 to 34 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>With a likelihood of more frequent and severe disasters in the future, public health officials should recognize differences among predictors of individual-level preparedness for disasters and develop strategies to address gaps in preparedness across demographic groups and subpopulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"333549251341236"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12152004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144258877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Literacy and Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Bonnie Beasant, Kara Anderson, Georgie Lee, Mojtaba Lotfaliany, Monica Tembo, Scott McCoombe, Vanessa Vaughan, Julie A Pasco, Sarah M Hosking","doi":"10.1177/00333549251322649","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549251322649","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Although cardiovascular disease (CVD) is responsible for a large global burden of disease, a large proportion of CVD incidence can be prevented through health literacy (ie, the skills and resources of an individual to access, understand, and use information to make decisions and act on one's own health and health care). We reviewed and synthesized peer-reviewed literature on health literacy and primary prevention of CVD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We followed methods from the review's previously published protocol, which outlined a search strategy conducted on August 16, 2024, for 6 databases, linking concepts of health literacy and CVD risk and its associated knowledge, attitudes, or practices. One reviewer screened and extracted all articles, and a second reviewer screened a randomly selected 10% of articles at each stage to examine interrater agreement. We used the Office of Health Assessment and Translation Risk of Bias Tool to assess the potential risk of bias.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 35 studies in the synthesis, 26 (74%) were cross-sectional and 21 (60%) measured functional health literacy only. Twenty-three articles investigated health literacy as an exposure variable, 20 of which reported significant results. Eight articles examined the administration of health literacy interventions to populations at risk of CVD, and 4 presented health literacy profiles of populations at risk of CVD. Each study demonstrated at least 1 area of potential risk of bias but was deemed low risk of bias overall.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Several studies in this review found an association between health literacy and CVD risk. More longitudinal studies, as well as studies that measure health literacy more deeply than simply reading and comprehending health texts, are needed to better understand the extent of this relationship.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"333549251322649"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12149170/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144249367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic and eHealth Literacy Among Nursing Students in the United States and Türkiye, 2022.","authors":"Sultan Ayaz-Alkaya, Hanna Belay","doi":"10.1177/00333549251341230","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549251341230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In health emergencies such as pandemics, nurses are on the front lines, thus increasing their risk of psychological distress. The mental health of nursing students may also deteriorate as a result of changes in learning and clinical practice environments. We measured the psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and electronic health (eHealth) literacy among nursing students and identified associated factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used a cross-sectional design to analyze students studying at 2 nursing schools in the United States and Türkiye (N = 887 nursing students). We used the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (range, 7-35) and the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (range, 5-20) to measure fear and anxiety of the COVID-19 pandemic, and we used the Electronic Health Literacy Scale (range, 8-40) to measure eHealth literacy among students from April through June 2022. We conducted 1-way multivariate analysis of variance (F) to examine the relationships among variables, with <i>P</i> ≤ .05 considered as significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Students had mean scores of 30.7 for eHealth literacy, 14.1 for Fear of COVID-19 Scale, and 6.2 for Coronavirus Anxiety Scale. Scores for eHealth literacy varied according to the students' school, academic level, and employment but were generally high. Sex (Wilks λ = 0.952; <i>F</i> = 14.787; <i>P</i> < .001) and the frequency of following news related to COVID-19 (Wilks λ = 0.927; <i>F</i> = 11.424; <i>P</i> < .001) influenced COVID-19-related fear and anxiety. eHealth literacy and fear of COVID-19 differed significantly by students' vaccine dose (λ = 0.983; <i>F</i> = 5.081; <i>P</i> = .002).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Increasing the level of eHealth literacy can contribute to reducing the psychological effects of health emergencies, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, among nursing students.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"333549251341230"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12149164/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144249368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Excess Deaths in California During the COVID-19 Pandemic, by Healthy Places Index Quartile, February 2020-April 2022.","authors":"Celeste J Romano, Tiffany N Tsukuda, Rui Zhao, Joshua Quint, Seema Jain, Erin L Murray","doi":"10.1177/00333549251314409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00333549251314409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Place-based disadvantage indices have been used to assess health disparities and allocate funding and health resources. We assessed excess mortality in California during the COVID-19 pandemic by Healthy Places Index (HPI) quartile, a disadvantage index used by the California Department of Public Health to structure COVID-19 response efforts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We estimated expected deaths from all causes during the COVID-19 pandemic by fitting a quasi-Poisson regression model to actual deaths that occurred from 2014 through 2019. We estimated ranges of excess deaths by calculating differences between actual deaths and (1) the average expected number of deaths and (2) the upper bound of the 95% prediction interval. The percentage of excess deaths equaled the number of excess deaths divided by the corresponding threshold. We reported estimates overall and across demographic groups, stratified by HPI quartile; quartile 4 indicated communities with the most advantaged social and environmental conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From February 2020 through April 2022, the number of excess deaths in California ranged from 81 245 to 107 806, with 93 309 deaths attributed to COVID-19. The number of excess deaths decreased across quartiles, from 27 924 to 35 615 (20.5%-28.0%) in HPI quartile 1 to 7757 to 14 477 (4.6%-9.2%) in HPI quartile 4. The Hispanic or Latine population had a disproportionate percentage of excess deaths across all quartiles, whereas American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Black or African American, Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, and White (all non-Hispanic) populations had percentage excess death estimates in quartile 2 that were similar to or higher than in quartile 1.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Health policies should supplement the use of place-based disparity measures with other measures that support groups at high risk for adverse health outcomes residing in more socially and environmentally advantaged communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"333549251314409"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12040852/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144009253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of a Vaccine Mandate in Nonessential Public Spaces in New Orleans, Louisiana, on COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake, 2021-2022.","authors":"Aneeka Ratnayake, Charles Stoecker, Patricia J Kissinger","doi":"10.1177/00333549251315073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00333549251315073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>During the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccine hesitancy in the United States was a key driver of continued COVID-19 transmission and the emergence of new variants. We examined the effect of a mandate that required patrons at nonessential venues (eg, restaurants, bars) in New Orleans, Louisiana, to be vaccinated to enter these establishments from August 2021 through March 2022.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We implemented a parish-level synthetic control model that compared vaccination trends in Orleans Parish (county) (the boundaries of Orleans Parish are equivalent to the city of New Orleans) with a synthetic composite of other parishes in Louisiana that had similar vaccination trends before the mandate. We used permutation testing (ie, shuffle testing) to determine the significance of differences in vaccination rates between Orleans Parish and other parishes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individuals in Orleans Parish initiated an average of 760 more vaccines weekly during the 31 weeks in which the mandate was in place, which was significantly higher than expected based on the synthetic control (<i>P</i> = .03).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The rate of vaccine initiation increased during the vaccine mandate for nonessential venues. Implementing such mandates may be an effective intervention in overcoming COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy during a future pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"333549251315073"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12040849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144014474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes Among Middle Eastern or North African Infants and Mothers in Quebec, Canada, 2008-2020.","authors":"Gabriel Côté-Corriveau, Nicole Silva-Lavigne, Méloë Maigné, Aimina Ayoub, Thuy Mai Luu, Olivier Drouin, Nathalie Auger","doi":"10.1177/00333549251314304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00333549251314304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The health status of Middle Eastern or North African (MENA) populations in Western countries is poorly understood. We assessed whether MENA infants and mothers have a greater risk of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes than non-MENA infants and mothers in Quebec, Canada.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a population-based observational study of 809 172 infants born to pregnant women in Quebec from 2008 through 2020. We identified infants in the MENA group based on self-reported mother tongue (Arabic or Turkish) and parents' country of birth (North African or Middle Eastern country). We compared infant and maternal outcomes, including gestational diabetes, cesarean delivery, preterm birth, severe maternal or neonatal morbidity, and other pregnancy and birth complications between the MENA and non-MENA groups. Using log-binomial regression models, we calculated risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs to measure the risk of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes for the MENA group compared with the non-MENA group, adjusting for maternal age, comorbidity, and other patient characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the non-MENA group (n = 716 387), the MENA group (n = 92 785) had an elevated risk of gestational diabetes (RR = 1.51; 95% CI, 1.48-1.55), postterm birth (RR = 1.24; 95% CI, 1.08-1.42), and short-stay neonatal intensive care unit admission (RR = 1.91; 95% CI, 1.82-1.99). However, MENA infants were 15% to 50% less likely than non-MENA infants to be born preterm, have severe neonatal morbidity, and have a mother with preeclampsia or severe maternal morbidity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although findings among MENA infants and mothers in Quebec were reassuring overall, MENA infants and mothers may benefit from closer perinatal follow-up to improve complications of gestational diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"333549251314304"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12040877/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144044771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring Whether Gratitude and Loneliness Mediate the Link Between Non-organizational Religiosity and Suicidal Ideation: Evidence From Black Adults During COVID-19.","authors":"Janelle R Goodwill, Harry O Taylor","doi":"10.1177/00333549251314665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00333549251314665","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Suicides among Black adults in the United States increased nationally during the COVID-19 pandemic, although limited empirical evidence documents the pathways that explain how suicide risk may develop in this population. We examined experiences of non-organizational religious involvement, gratitude, and loneliness and their relation to suicidal ideation among Black adults in the United States.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from a probability-based sample of 995 Black adults in the United States who completed online surveys from April through June 2022. We recruited participants from the AmeriSpeak panel at the National Opinion Research Center. We applied structural equation modeling techniques to measure direct and indirect associations among religiosity, positive psychology, and mental health variables. We tested whether non-organizational religiosity was indirectly associated with suicidal ideation via feelings of gratitude and COVID-19-specific forms of loneliness during the pandemic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The measurement model demonstrated a good fit to the data. Structural model results indicated that non-organizational religious involvement was positively related to gratitude (β = 0.51; <i>P</i> < .001); in turn, feelings of gratitude were associated with reduced suicidal ideation (β = -0.12; <i>P</i> = .02). Moreover, COVID-19-specific forms of loneliness were positively associated with past-year suicidal ideation (β = 0.11; <i>P</i> = .01). Non-organizational religious involvement, however, was not directly associated with feelings of COVID-19-related loneliness or suicidal ideation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Public health officials should account for feelings of gratitude and loneliness as mechanisms that can be leveraged to inform the development of evidence-based suicide prevention interventions for Black adults during public health emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"333549251314665"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12040851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143994933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traumatic Brain Injury, Alaska, 2016-2021.","authors":"Katherine Newell, Jared Parrish, Joseph McLaughlin","doi":"10.1177/00333549241309802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00333549241309802","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Alaska has among the highest traumatic brain injury (TBI) mortality rates in the United States. We characterized the epidemiology of TBIs in the country's largest and most sparsely populated state to guide prevention efforts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study analyzed TBI-associated hospitalization and mortality rates in Alaska from 2016 through 2021. Data included people with TBI-associated hospitalization or death in Alaska. We compared age-adjusted rates using national data, with analysis by age, sex, race and ethnicity, and injury mechanism. Logistic regression explored factors influencing mortality among hospitalized patients with TBI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TBI-associated hospitalization rates per 100 000 population in Alaska were highest among adults aged ≥75 years (310.4), by sex among males (123.3), and by race among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) people (186.7). Patients with TBI-associated hospitalizations due to self-harm were approximately 8.6 times as likely to die as patients with unintentional injuries. Alaska's age-adjusted TBI-associated mortality rate per 100 000 population was twice the national rate (36.2 vs 17.3). TBI-associated mortality rates in Alaska exceeded national averages across all demographic characteristics and injury mechanisms. Adults aged ≥75 years, males, and AI/AN people in Alaska had TBI-associated death rates that were 1.3, 1.9, and 2.0 times higher, respectively, than national rates. Alaska's TBI-associated mortality rate from suicide was 2.6 times the national average, with notable racial disparities for AI/AN people.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>TBIs are a considerable source of morbidity and mortality in Alaska, with disproportionate effects observed among population groups. These findings underscore the need for increased focus on mechanism-specific TBI prevention activities, particularly for older adults and AI/AN people.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"333549241309802"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12037538/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143991593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}