Public Health Reports最新文献

{"title":"Causal Inference in Public Health: A Call to Stop Causal Fishing Expeditions.","authors":"Ali Al-Kassab-Córdova, Percy Soto-Becerra","doi":"10.1177/00333549251342034","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549251342034","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"333549251342034"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12237941/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144584662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collaborative Selection of Implementation Strategies for Improving Smoking Cessation Treatment and Lung Cancer Screening in Federally Qualified Health Centers: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Gina R Kruse, Alyssa Bertolini, Buzzi Gilliam, Hannah Girard, Cristina Huebner-Tores, Tylor Vaillancourt, Nancy A Rigotti, Kelly A Aschbrenner, Jamie L Studts, Stephanie Martinez, Nathan Yoguez, Daniel Gundersen, Travis Baggett","doi":"10.1177/00333549251322734","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549251322734","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) are key sites to address smoking and lung cancer screening (LCS) in the United States. We assessed the feasibility, acceptability, and appropriateness of a method for selecting implementation strategies to address smoking cessation treatment (SCT) and LCS delivery in FQHCs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two Massachusetts FQHCs partnered with an external implementation team of clinical content experts and community health research staff to pilot test a roadmap method to improve SCT and LCS from December 2022 through May 2023. During a 3-month period, the internal and external team (1) identified, anticipated, and experienced barriers to implementation; (2) mapped workflows; (3) selected implementation strategies to address barriers, including data and population health infrastructure, health care provider knowledge, and patient travel; and (4) pilot tested selected strategies. Qualitative group interviews at the end of the 3-month pilot with internal teams of 9 FQHC staff identified key implementation determinants guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. We surveyed FQHC staff on a 5-point Likert scale, with higher values reflecting favorable outcomes, about the feasibility, acceptability, and appropriateness of the strategy selection process; we calculated summary (median [IQR]) scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Teams selected 6 strategies to address key barriers; 5 strategies were implemented partially or fully during the pilot. Qualitative interviews highlighted implementation determinants in the inner setting and outer context domains. Internal implementation teams rated the roadmap as feasible (median [IQR] = 4.0 [3.3-5.0]), acceptable (median [IQR] = 4.0 [4.0-5.0]), and appropriate (median [IQR] = 4.0 [4.0-5.0]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The roadmaps process was feasible in FQHCs and produced implementable strategies aimed at barriers to LCS and SCT delivery in FQHCs. This process warrants further testing in a larger trial of LCS and SCT implementation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"333549251322734"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12237989/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144584664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cervical Cancer Screening Collaborations Between National Cancer Institute Cancer Centers and Safety-Net Settings of Care, 2022.","authors":"Veronica Y Chollette, Blair H Altman, Jennifer K McGee-Avila, Emily M Grenen, Paul B Jacobsen, Sarah Kobrin","doi":"10.1177/00333549251316190","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549251316190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Supporting medically underserved and socially disadvantaged populations, particularly in relation to cervical cancer, requires identifying coordination gaps. However, approaches to address the cervical cancer screening process between cancer centers and safety-net settings of care (hereinafter, safety-net settings) are poorly understood. We describe interactions and identify opportunities to guide cancer centers that aim to strengthen cervical cancer prevention, screening, and treatment for patients referred to them from safety-net settings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We administered a 15-item online survey from January 12 through February 9, 2022, to National Cancer Institute (NCI) cancer centers; the intended audience was associate directors of community outreach and engagement and/or associate directors of population sciences. Of 64 eligible cancer centers, 47 (73.4%) completed the survey; however, 7 cancer centers were excluded from analysis because they reported not having a formal arrangement with safety-net settings. We developed survey items in consultation with subject matter experts and conducted pilot testing before administration to sites.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most common forms of partnership between NCI cancer centers and safety-net settings were referrals and consultations (34 of 40; 85.0%). We identified multilevel barriers affecting coordination and follow-up of abnormal cervical cancer screening test results. Communication between safety-net settings and cancer center staff was the most reported systems-level challenge to care coordination (35 of 40; 87.2%). Collection and synthesis of patient data presented the primary systems-level challenge to following up to abnormal cancer screening (34 of 40; 85.0%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Collaborations between cancer centers and safety-net settings are common but limited by challenges in care delivery and coordination. Our findings underscore the importance of identifying intervention points to optimize the management of cervical cancer care for patients in safety-net settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"333549251316190"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12237950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144584663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-Jurisdictional Data Sharing: Use of the ATra Black Box for Deduplicating Cases in the National HIV Surveillance System.","authors":"Anne G Rhodes, Daniel K Jarris, Seble Kassaye, Auntré D Hamp, Ann Marie Hensel, Jeff Collman, James Carrier, Yunyin W Takeuchi, Luke Withers, Alisa Kang, Miranda Smith, J C Smart","doi":"10.1177/00333549251318985","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549251318985","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In 2018, Georgetown University was awarded a 5-year grant from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, PS18-1805, to deduplicate people across HIV surveillance jurisdictions using the ATra Black Box, an electronic privacy-ensuring system developed by Georgetown University that allows for the secure and streamlined exchange of data between public health jurisdictions. We outline the processes that Georgetown University undertook to engage public health jurisdictions, and we provide results of the Black Box matching sessions from November 2018 through May 2024.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Georgetown University recruited jurisdictions for participation in the project from 2018 to 2024 and developed communication plans and documentation to assist jurisdictions with participating in quarterly matching sessions of the Black Box. Georgetown University surveyed jurisdictions to determine technical assistance needs and satisfaction with the project and held virtual and in-person meetings. Georgetown University conducted quarterly runs of the Black Box from 2018 to 2024 and analyzed the results using SAS and Excel.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As of May 2024, Georgetown University had enrolled 40 public health jurisdictions into the CDC Black Box project with signed data-sharing agreements, and 75% of people living with diagnosed HIV in the United States resided in these jurisdictions. From November 2018 through May 2024, Georgetown University conducted 21 quarterly matching sessions of the Black Box, processing >2.1 million records in the November 2023 session.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Implementation of the Black Box for sharing HIV surveillance data across jurisdictions has decreased the staff time needed to update information on people with HIV. This project has improved the quality of HIV surveillance data that are needed to measure progress on key HIV indicators at the local and national levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"333549251318985"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12237922/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144584665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"County Influenza Vaccination Rates and Antibiotic Prescribing Rates in US Nursing Homes.","authors":"Quynh T Vo, Farzad Noubary, Brandon Dionne, Shira Doron, Becky A Briesacher","doi":"10.1177/00333549251342746","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549251342746","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Studies have found an inverse relationship between community influenza vaccination rates and antibiotic use. This study examined the relationship between community-level influenza vaccination rates and facility-level antibiotic use in US nursing homes. We hypothesized that nursing homes in counties with high influenza vaccination rates would have low antibiotic prescribing rates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We linked data from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services for adults aged ≥65 years in US nursing homes in 2019 at individual, facility, and county levels. We used linear mixed models to examine the association between county-level influenza vaccination rates and facility-level antibiotic prescribing rates. We generated maps to illustrate the overlap of facilities by quartiles of antibiotic prescribing and county-level influenza vaccination rates across the United States.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 1% increase in county influenza vaccination rates was associated with a 0.03% decrease in the nursing home antibiotic prescribing rate after controlling for other factors (ß = -0.03; 95% CI, -0.03 to -0.02). As compared with other regions, the Midwest had a larger concentration of nursing homes in the upper quartile for antibiotic prescribing rates. When compared with nursing homes in the Midwest, nursing homes in the Northeast (ß = -0.98; 95% CI, -1.12 to -0.83), South (ß = -1.84; 95% CI, -1.95 to -1.73), and West (ß = -4.60; 95% CI, -4.79 to -4.41) showed a decrease in antibiotic prescribing rates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Modest improvements in community-level influenza vaccination rates can lead to decreased antibiotic prescribing rates in nursing homes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"333549251342746"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12228641/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144567758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Age at Birth and Gastroschisis Prevalence in the United States and Puerto Rico, 2000-2020.","authors":"Julie M Petersen, Jeremy M Schraw, Mahsa M Yazdy, Martha M Werler","doi":"10.1177/00333549251341241","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549251341241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastroschisis-a congenital anomaly where there is an opening at the connection of the embryonic ectoderm and the amnion at the pars flaccida, resulting in the intestines protruding outside the body-is serious and requires surgical repair. The strongest risk factor is young maternal age. This study describes gastroschisis prevalence in the United States and Puerto Rico during 2000-2020 and indirectly examines whether prevalence patterns may be explained by maternal age trends. Using data from state and territorial surveillance systems (n = 46 total; n = 18 for all years), we expressed gastroschisis prevalence as 5-year averages, with moving averages every 2 years. We calculated the expected prevalence of gastroschisis by applying previously published maternal age-based estimates to all US live births during 2000-2020. Gastroschisis prevalence has increased since 2000-2004, peaked during 2008-2012 (based on active surveillance systems: 5.44 cases per 10 000 live births), and then declined until 2016-2020 (4.47 cases per 10 000 live births). Expected prevalence patterns were nearly identical. Gastroschisis prevalence patterns during the study period largely reflect the decline in US births among women aged <25 years rather than a substantial change in risk among younger women.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"333549251341241"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12228631/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144567760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Heat on Outdoor Recess in Arizona Elementary Schools, July-September 2023.","authors":"Allison Poulos, Kylie Wilson","doi":"10.1177/00333549251342205","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549251342205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>School recess is an important setting to support children's health; however, inclement weather, including extreme heat, affects the provision of recess. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the number of days that recess in elementary schools was disrupted because of heat in the first quarter of the 2023-2024 school year. We obtained data by conducting a survey among teachers representing 61 elementary schools in Maricopa County, Arizona. Daily high temperatures during this time ranged from 90°F (32.2°C) to 119°F (48.3°C). Almost all schools (93%) modified traditional outdoor recess because of heat. Across schools, recess disruption averaged 3.5 weeks. Almost half of the schools (49%) reported 4 to 6 weeks of disrupted recess, comprising 44% to 67% of the first quarter of the school year or up to 16% of the entire school year. Although state policies mandating daily school recess exist, they generally do not address the provision of recess during inclement weather, including heat. Given the health benefits of recess for children, minimizing heat exposure in schoolyards and supporting indoor recess during times of extreme heat should be prioritized.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"333549251342205"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12228638/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144567759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in Rates of Heat-Related Deaths Across Population Groups in the United States, 2000-2023.","authors":"Young-Rock Hong, Francis S Dalisay, Zhigang Xie","doi":"10.1177/00333549251342904","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549251342904","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heat-related mortality is a growing public health concern as global temperatures continue to rise, yet little is known about how trends differ across various population groups in the United States. Using data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research from 2000 to 2023 and joinpoint regression models, we examined heat-related mortality trends across major demographic population groups. Our analysis revealed increasing mortality rates across all groups, with steep rises since 2018. American Indian/Alaska Native populations had the most pronounced increase: the average annual percentage change (AAPC) was 8.7% from 2011 to 2023, accelerating to 27.8% during 2018-2023. Heat-related mortality rates per 100 000 population increased during 2019-2023 among populations that were Hispanic (AAPC = 28.7%) and non-Hispanic Black (AAPC = 28.6%), and the AAPCs were significantly higher than among non-Hispanic White people (AAPC = 5.8% overall and 23.9% during 2019-2023). Asian American/Pacific Islander people had the least pronounced overall increases in heat-related mortality rates but had significant increases recently (AAPC = 25.2% during 2020-2023). These findings suggest the importance of considering differential patterns in heat-related mortality across population groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"333549251342904"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12228637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144567763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Metrics for Measles Response Optimization in the United States: Considerations for Public Health Research, Policy, and Practice.","authors":"Sanjana J Ravi, Haley Farrie, Eric S Toner, Sarah Gillani, Caitlin M Rivers","doi":"10.1177/00333549251322667","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549251322667","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"333549251322667"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12228643/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144567762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers to COVID-19 Testing Among American Indian and Alaska Native People: Comparing Perspectives of Patients and Providers.","authors":"Austin Henderson, Krista Schaefer, Richard Maclehose, Spero M Manson, Dedra Buchwald","doi":"10.1177/00333549251341242","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549251341242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>COVID-19 testing is an important strategy to limit the spread of COVID-19 and improve health outcomes. Although health care providers (hereinafter, providers) decide which strategies to implement to improve access to testing, they may not have fully accurate impressions of the barriers faced by patients. We examined patient and provider perspectives on barriers to COVID-19 testing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We surveyed 788 patients and 77 providers working at 5 health care organizations in the United States that served urban American Indian and Alaska Native people from January through May 2021. We asked patients and providers about barriers to COVID-19 testing and possible strategies that could improve access to testing. We compared patient and provider perspectives by using descriptive statistics and logistic regression; percentages were weighted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, we observed a high level of congruence among patients and providers regarding perceived efficacy of strategies to increase testing. Difficulty finding transportation to the clinic was the least commonly reported barrier by patients (14%) but was the most frequently cited barrier by providers (73%). The most commonly reported barrier by patients was concern for contracting COVID-19 during an in-person appointment (43%). Two strategies, providing mobile testing units (76%) and offering monetary incentives (57%), were not commonly used but were endorsed by most patients and providers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, patient and provider perspectives were highly congruent on perceived barriers to and strategies to facilitate COVID-19 testing. Research on barriers to testing for communicable diseases such as COVID-19 should systematically examine perspectives of both patients and providers to identify potentially effective interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"333549251341242"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12228632/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144567757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}