Public Health Reports最新文献

{"title":"Closeness of Social Media Contacts and Loneliness Among US Adults: A Nationally Representative Study.","authors":"Brian A Primack, Hyosin Kim, Geethika Koneru, Memuna Aslam, Jessica R Gorman","doi":"10.1177/00333549261443288","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549261443288","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Loneliness is strongly linked to morbidity and mortality. While social media use has been associated with increased loneliness among adolescents, little research has examined this association among adults. It is also not clear whether it is better to communicate only with close personal friends or with people one has never met in person. We examined whether real-life closeness of social media contacts was associated with loneliness among a nationally representative sample of US adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants included 1512 US adults aged 30 to 70 years who were surveyed in July and August 2023. We assessed loneliness using the National Institutes of Health Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System's 4-item scale. Participants self-reported the proportion of their social media contacts whom they had \"never met in person\" (NMP) and whom they considered \"close personal friends\" (CPFs). We used logistic regression to examine associations between NMPs/CPFs and loneliness, controlling for 7 sociodemographic covariates and including survey weights to make results nationally representative.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In fully adjusted weighted multivariable models, participants in the highest quartile for NMPs had more than double the odds of loneliness (adjusted odds ratio = 2.33; 95% CI, 1.52-3.58) than those in the lowest quartile, and the association between NMPs and loneliness was linear (<i>P</i> < .001). However, we found no significant association between CPFs and loneliness (<i>P</i> = .93).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While having more social media interactions with relative strangers was linked to increased loneliness, having more social media contacts who were CPFs was not linked to reduced loneliness. Future research should examine temporal associations and reasons for these findings. It may be useful for interventions to focus on reducing interactions with NMPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"671-678"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13149347/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147842130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Informed Consent in Molecular HIV Epidemiology: A Rapid Review of the Literature to Identify Concerns and Recommendations.","authors":"Ujunwa Onyeama, Stuart Rennie, Suzanne Day, Ann M Dennis","doi":"10.1177/00333549261421893","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549261421893","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the United States, molecular HIV epidemiology (MHE) is a key part of the National HIV/AIDS Strategy, which incorporates the evaluation of HIV genetic sequences for cluster detection and response. Data collection for MHE occurs without any requirement for formal consent from patients, which has sparked ethical concerns among community members, ethicists, and advocates. We conducted a rapid review of the current literature on informed consent and MHE to understand the key concerns and recommendations. We searched 4 academic databases and included articles that examined the issue of informed consent in MHE practices. We screened a total of 119 articles and selected 30 articles for inclusion. From these, we extracted data pertaining to concerns and recommendations related to informed consent in MHE, including MHE in the context of both research and surveillance. Our findings revealed 2 main categories of concerns: (1) challenges in obtaining valid informed consent and (2) concerns related to the current lack of consent such as risks of data misuse, privacy violations, and potential stigma. We identified 3 main categories of recommendations: establishing stronger data governance, developing ethical consent practices, and increasing community engagement. A key theme identified was an unresolved contestation about the ethics of using MHE without consent and whether the potential public health benefits of MHE justify concerns about autonomy, privacy, and potential harm. Future directions include the need for empirical research to evaluate the risks and benefits of MHE and the development of practices for meaningful community engagement to ensure ethical and context-sensitive approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"657-665"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12935574/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147284652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Getting Away From Leadership Performance to Leaders Performing: New Ways of Being and Responding to Today's Public Health Challenges.","authors":"Renée Branch Canady, Pritpal S Tamber, Anthony Iton","doi":"10.1177/00333549251412294","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549251412294","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"622-626"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12831659/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146041577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing Use of Digital Technologies Among Homeless-Experienced Veterans, 2022-2024.","authors":"Jack Tsai, Austin Lampros","doi":"10.1177/00333549261442135","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549261442135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Veterans experiencing homelessness (hereinafter, homeless veterans), an important group in society, often have limited access to digital technologies, which may affect their ability to achieve social integration. Using data from annual national surveys of homeless-experienced veterans (HEV) from 2022 through 2024 (1992 in 2022, 2596 in 2023, and 2860 in 2024), this study compared their ownership of cell phone devices and computers or laptops and their use of the internet during a 3-year period. While we found no significant change in ownership of cell phones, we found significant increases from 2022 through 2024 in ownership of smartphones (from 69.1% to 72.3%) and computers or laptops (from 36.7% to 38.5%), as well as use of the internet at least occasionally (from 75.8% to 79.0%) and often (from 71.9% to 77.3%). We observed increased internet use among currently and formerly homeless veterans when we analyzed the samples separately. Together, these findings provide updated prevalence rates of digital technology use among HEV and highlight opportunities for technology-based interventions. More HEV are using digital technologies, but we estimate that more than one-fifth of HEV still do not have a cell phone or smartphone or use the internet at all. Although access to digital technologies has increased in this population, some gaps remain, and further research is needed on how to increase the uptake of new technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"645-649"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13121229/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147779000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Tattooing and Health Status: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study of Adults in Utah, 2020-2022.","authors":"Rachel D McCarty, Britton Trabert, Morgan M Millar, David Kriebel, Laurie Grieshober, Mollie E Barnard, Lindsay J Collin, Jeffrey A Gilreath, Paul J Shami, Jennifer A Doherty","doi":"10.1177/00333549261445868","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549261445868","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Tattooed individuals have reported reduced access to health care and have a higher prevalence of risky health behaviors compared with individuals without tattoos, but the overall health profile of this population is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to characterize associations between tattooing and health status in Utah.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from approximately 27 000 respondents to the 2020, 2021, and 2022 Utah Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys. We used multivariable Poisson regression to calculate the prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% CIs associating ever receiving a tattoo with physical, oral, and mental health status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, ever receiving a tattoo was associated with self-reported poor versus excellent overall health, particularly among women (PR = 3.08; 95% CI, 2.26-4.21). Tattooing was also associated with obesity (women: PR = 1.40; 95% CI, 1.22-1.61; men: PR = 1.21; 95% CI, 1.04-1.40) and chronic pain (women: PR = 1.59; 95% CI, 1.43-1.77; men: PR = 1.55; 95% CI, 1.37-1.76). Tattooed individuals (vs not tattooed) were more likely to have been diagnosed with a depressive disorder (women: PR = 1.64; 95% CI, 1.53-1.75; men: PR = 1.55; 95% CI, 1.39-1.73) and to have had ≥6 teeth removed versus none removed (women: PR = 2.18; 95% CI, 1.61-2.96; men: PR = 2.88; 95% CI, 2.10-3.95).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Public health entities may consider partnering with tattoo studios and conventions to provide information about nutrition, exercise, dental care, mental health resources, and health screenings to individuals with tattoos.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"714-720"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13222216/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148056523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental Underestimation of Their Child's Overweight and Obesity: Influence of Feedback From a Health Care Provider in a Nationally Representative Sample.","authors":"Brian G Moss","doi":"10.1177/00333549261418595","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549261418595","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Parental misperception of a child's weight status is common and may delay recognition and intervention for overweight and obesity. This study estimated the prevalence of parental underestimation of their child's weight status among US children and adolescents with overweight or obesity and assessed whether health care provider (hereinafter, provider) feedback was associated with this underestimation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data came from the 2012 National Youth Fitness Survey (n = 1571), a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of US children and adolescents aged 3 to 15 years. Parent-reported weight perception was compared with measured body mass index. Inaccurate parental perception (underestimation) was defined as a parent perceiving a child with measured overweight or obesity as \"about the right weight\" or \"underweight.\" Survey-weighted logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of underestimation by child sex, age group, and parental recall of provider feedback. Predicted probabilities were calculated using marginal standardization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most parents of children with overweight (82%) and nearly half of parents of children with obesity (44%) underestimated their child's weight status. Parents who did not recall receiving provider feedback were substantially more likely to underestimate their child's weight status than parents who recalled receiving feedback (78% vs 31%). The odds of underestimation were nearly 10 times higher among parents without provider feedback than among parents who received feedback (adjusted odds ratio = 9.65; 95% CI, 5.57-16.70). Underestimation was more common among younger children and among boys.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Parental underestimation of their child's overweight and obesity is widespread and strongly associated with the absence of provider feedback. Clinical communication may represent a low-cost, scalable strategy to improve parental perception of unhealthy weight and support early intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"679-686"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13100451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147284790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Nonfatal Opioid Overdoses and Interactions With the Health Care System Prior to Death Among Opioid Overdose Decedents, Rhode Island, 2023.","authors":"Benjamin D Hallowell, Jaejoon Shin, Heidi Weidele, Justina Omari, Rachel S Wightman","doi":"10.1177/00333549261418591","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549261418591","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Most people who experience a fatal opioid overdose have never received medical care for a prior nonfatal overdose. Because minimal health care interaction could limit the effect of postoverdose interventions on preventing overdose fatalities, we evaluated the percentage of opioid overdose decedents who experienced a nonfatal opioid overdose prior to death.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We identified accidental fatal opioid overdoses that occurred in Rhode Island in 2023. To identify prior nonfatal opioid overdoses and prior health care use, we used emergency medical services (EMS) run data from 2016-2023 and emergency department (ED) discharge data from October 1, 2020, through December 31, 2023. Each date range represents the earliest date for which identifiable data were available. We excluded from analysis health care interactions that occurred within 1 day of the date of death.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2023, a total of 318 Rhode Island residents who met inclusion criteria died of an opioid overdose. In the 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, and 5 years before death, 12.3%, 16.4%, 22.6%, 26.7%, and 29.2% of decedents, respectively, had a prior nonfatal opioid overdose. The likelihood of having a prior nonfatal opioid overdose did not vary by age group, sex, race and ethnicity, or county of residence. The proportion of decedents who had at least 1 interaction with EMS or ED services increased from 45.9% at 6 months to 58.5% at 1 year, 67.0% at 2 years, 72.3% at 3 years, and 75.8% at 5 years before death.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings have important implications for overdose prevention efforts focused on connecting people experiencing nonfatal opioid overdoses to care, as these efforts would miss up to 71% of overdose decedents.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"721-726"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12929085/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147271915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Message From the Editor.","authors":"Zygmunt F Dembek","doi":"10.1177/00333549261465259","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549261465259","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"613-614"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13346094/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148405544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decline in Fentanyl-Related Overdose Deaths and Subsequent Change in Decedent Demographic Characteristics: Trends in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, 2023-2025.","authors":"Manreet K Bhullar, Stephanie D Franks, Thomas P Gilson","doi":"10.1177/00333549261435474","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549261435474","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Overdose deaths have steadily decreased in the United States from 105 000 deaths in 2023 to 79 384 deaths in 2024. To better understand emerging trends in overdose deaths, we conducted a pilot epidemiological study of fatal drug overdose data from the Cuyahoga County Medical Examiner's Office (Cleveland, Ohio) from 2023 through mid-2025 (all accidental drug overdose deaths from January through June). During the study period, all fentanyl-related accidental drug overdose deaths decreased from 75.8% to 45.6% (<i>P</i> < .001). During the same period, all cocaine deaths that included fentanyl decreased from 69.8% to 40.7% (<i>P</i> = .004), and all cocaine deaths that excluded fentanyl increased from 17.6% to 39.2% (<i>P</i> < .001). Drug overdose deaths decreased among White males but increased by 9% among Black males, largely driven by Black men aged ≥55 years. Percentages of overdoses among Black men aged ≥55 years in the all-fentanyl group (<i>P</i> < .001) decreased from 53.4% (47 of 88) to 34.1% (15 of 44) but remained steady in the all-cocaine group (<i>P</i> < .001) from 85.2% (75 of 88) to 84.1% (37 of 44). Overdoses increased in the cocaine-without-fentanyl group (<i>P</i> < .001) from 46.6% (41 of 88) to 63.6% (28 of 44) but decreased in the cocaine-only group (<i>P</i> < .001) from 31.8% (28 of 88) to 27.3% (12 of 44). Our results showed a shift in demographic characteristics with regard to decreases in fentanyl-related overdose deaths and increases in cocaine-related overdose deaths. Because no stimulant antidote analogous to naloxone for opioids is available, public health policy will need to pivot in response to the increase in stimulant-involved overdose deaths.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"640-644"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13109262/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147779355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Evidence-Based Master of Public Health Curriculum.","authors":"Molly B Richardson, Jessica T Chambliss, Erika L Austin, Anne E Brisendine, Matthew Fifolt, Lisa McCormick, Greg Pavela, Julie K Preskitt, Kelley E Swatzell, Paul C Erwin","doi":"10.1177/00333549261446616","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549261446616","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This evaluation describes an innovative approach to align a master of public health (MPH) core curriculum with the Evidence-Based Public Health (EBPH) framework and the 2016 revised Council on Education for Public Health (CEPH) competencies. We describe implementation of revised core courses during the COVID-19 pandemic and student evaluation of the novel curriculum.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Faculty mapped competencies to the EBPH framework, developed courses, and implemented the curriculum using a cohort model. For early cohorts enrolled from fall 2020 through summer 2021, faculty evaluated the effectiveness of the core courses, student satisfaction, and self-reported competency achievement through pre- and postcourse surveys starting in fall 2020. Additional qualitative insights were gathered from 6 focus groups (n = 50 students) and 10 interviews conducted in spring 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The redesigned curriculum launched in fall 2020 and emphasized an interdisciplinary approach that incorporated vital domains: health equity, community engagement, and the essential public health services. Survey findings indicated increased student self-efficacy and achievement of CEPH competencies. High retention and positive qualitative feedback underscored this curriculum's relevance for students with diverse backgrounds, including those who were new to public health, online learning, or US graduate education. Ongoing quality improvement and iterative curriculum refinement ensure that the evolving needs of public health practice are met.</p><p><strong>Practice implications: </strong>The lessons learned through developing and implementing this evidence-based curriculum across delivery modes serve as an opportunity for other institutions aiming to enhance public health education in diverse student populations and address workforce needs. Applying this framework ensures that students attain the competencies required for the 21st-century public health workforce.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"737-747"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13223073/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148138713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}