Public Health Reports最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of Nonfatal Opioid Overdoses and Interactions With the Health Care System Prior to Death Among Opioid Overdose Decedents, Rhode Island, 2023.","authors":"Benjamin D Hallowell, Jaejoon Shin, Heidi Weidele, Justina Omari, Rachel S Wightman","doi":"10.1177/00333549261418591","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549261418591","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Most people who experience a fatal opioid overdose have never received medical care for a prior nonfatal overdose. Because minimal health care interaction could limit the effect of postoverdose interventions on preventing overdose fatalities, we evaluated the percentage of opioid overdose decedents who experienced a nonfatal opioid overdose prior to death.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We identified accidental fatal opioid overdoses that occurred in Rhode Island in 2023. To identify prior nonfatal opioid overdoses and prior health care use, we used emergency medical services (EMS) run data from 2016-2023 and emergency department (ED) discharge data from October 1, 2020, through December 31, 2023. Each date range represents the earliest date for which identifiable data were available. We excluded from analysis health care interactions that occurred within 1 day of the date of death.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2023, a total of 318 Rhode Island residents who met inclusion criteria died of an opioid overdose. In the 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, and 5 years before death, 12.3%, 16.4%, 22.6%, 26.7%, and 29.2% of decedents, respectively, had a prior nonfatal opioid overdose. The likelihood of having a prior nonfatal opioid overdose did not vary by age group, sex, race and ethnicity, or county of residence. The proportion of decedents who had at least 1 interaction with EMS or ED services increased from 45.9% at 6 months to 58.5% at 1 year, 67.0% at 2 years, 72.3% at 3 years, and 75.8% at 5 years before death.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings have important implications for overdose prevention efforts focused on connecting people experiencing nonfatal opioid overdoses to care, as these efforts would miss up to 71% of overdose decedents.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"721-726"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12929085/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147271915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Message From the Editor.","authors":"Zygmunt F Dembek","doi":"10.1177/00333549261465259","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549261465259","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"613-614"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13346094/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148405544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decline in Fentanyl-Related Overdose Deaths and Subsequent Change in Decedent Demographic Characteristics: Trends in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, 2023-2025.","authors":"Manreet K Bhullar, Stephanie D Franks, Thomas P Gilson","doi":"10.1177/00333549261435474","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549261435474","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Overdose deaths have steadily decreased in the United States from 105 000 deaths in 2023 to 79 384 deaths in 2024. To better understand emerging trends in overdose deaths, we conducted a pilot epidemiological study of fatal drug overdose data from the Cuyahoga County Medical Examiner's Office (Cleveland, Ohio) from 2023 through mid-2025 (all accidental drug overdose deaths from January through June). During the study period, all fentanyl-related accidental drug overdose deaths decreased from 75.8% to 45.6% (<i>P</i> < .001). During the same period, all cocaine deaths that included fentanyl decreased from 69.8% to 40.7% (<i>P</i> = .004), and all cocaine deaths that excluded fentanyl increased from 17.6% to 39.2% (<i>P</i> < .001). Drug overdose deaths decreased among White males but increased by 9% among Black males, largely driven by Black men aged ≥55 years. Percentages of overdoses among Black men aged ≥55 years in the all-fentanyl group (<i>P</i> < .001) decreased from 53.4% (47 of 88) to 34.1% (15 of 44) but remained steady in the all-cocaine group (<i>P</i> < .001) from 85.2% (75 of 88) to 84.1% (37 of 44). Overdoses increased in the cocaine-without-fentanyl group (<i>P</i> < .001) from 46.6% (41 of 88) to 63.6% (28 of 44) but decreased in the cocaine-only group (<i>P</i> < .001) from 31.8% (28 of 88) to 27.3% (12 of 44). Our results showed a shift in demographic characteristics with regard to decreases in fentanyl-related overdose deaths and increases in cocaine-related overdose deaths. Because no stimulant antidote analogous to naloxone for opioids is available, public health policy will need to pivot in response to the increase in stimulant-involved overdose deaths.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"640-644"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13109262/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147779355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Evidence-Based Master of Public Health Curriculum.","authors":"Molly B Richardson, Jessica T Chambliss, Erika L Austin, Anne E Brisendine, Matthew Fifolt, Lisa McCormick, Greg Pavela, Julie K Preskitt, Kelley E Swatzell, Paul C Erwin","doi":"10.1177/00333549261446616","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549261446616","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This evaluation describes an innovative approach to align a master of public health (MPH) core curriculum with the Evidence-Based Public Health (EBPH) framework and the 2016 revised Council on Education for Public Health (CEPH) competencies. We describe implementation of revised core courses during the COVID-19 pandemic and student evaluation of the novel curriculum.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Faculty mapped competencies to the EBPH framework, developed courses, and implemented the curriculum using a cohort model. For early cohorts enrolled from fall 2020 through summer 2021, faculty evaluated the effectiveness of the core courses, student satisfaction, and self-reported competency achievement through pre- and postcourse surveys starting in fall 2020. Additional qualitative insights were gathered from 6 focus groups (n = 50 students) and 10 interviews conducted in spring 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The redesigned curriculum launched in fall 2020 and emphasized an interdisciplinary approach that incorporated vital domains: health equity, community engagement, and the essential public health services. Survey findings indicated increased student self-efficacy and achievement of CEPH competencies. High retention and positive qualitative feedback underscored this curriculum's relevance for students with diverse backgrounds, including those who were new to public health, online learning, or US graduate education. Ongoing quality improvement and iterative curriculum refinement ensure that the evolving needs of public health practice are met.</p><p><strong>Practice implications: </strong>The lessons learned through developing and implementing this evidence-based curriculum across delivery modes serve as an opportunity for other institutions aiming to enhance public health education in diverse student populations and address workforce needs. Applying this framework ensures that students attain the competencies required for the 21st-century public health workforce.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"737-747"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13223073/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148138713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps at the American Medical Association: A Model Cross-Sector Collaboration to Promote Better Health for All.","authors":"Elizabeth Davlantes, Kristie Clarke, Joshua Schier, Brian Lewis, Denise Hinton","doi":"10.1177/00333549261452999","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549261452999","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The American Medical Association (AMA) is the nation's largest physician organization and has a prominent voice in health policy in the United States. AMA policies and priorities are set in part by its House of Delegates, in which the US Public Health Service (USPHS) Commissioned Corps participates. The USPHS is a federal uniformed service dedicated to improving health. This article describes the impact of educational USPHS testimony during the policy deliberation process in the AMA House of Delegates. The USPHS has provided invaluable input to the AMA, providing 414 instances of technical advice or information on behalf of subject matter experts at 5 federal agencies during the past 9 years, from 2017 through 2025. The resolution of the proposed AMA policy under debate was aligned with USPHS recommendations a median of 77% of the time. USPHS involvement in the AMA has helped both the AMA and the US government work better together through early information sharing and coordination of activities. The collaboration between the USPHS and AMA is a model partnership to improve health.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"627-632"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13221371/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148056594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leading Causes of Death Among Non-Hispanic American Indian and Alaska Native People, by Indian Health Service Area, 2020.","authors":"Stephanie C Melkonian, Melissa A Jim, Donald Haverkamp, Jeffrey McCollum, Andria Apostolou, Juan L Rodriguez, Victoria Warren-Mears, Nicamer Tolentino, Julie Morris, David Foley, Elise Balzer, Kade Lenz","doi":"10.1177/00333549261435518","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549261435518","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Accurate mortality data for American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) people are critical for describing health disparities and program planning needs. We describe the rates of leading causes of death among non-Hispanic AI/AN as compared with non-Hispanic White populations living in the same area, by sex and Indian Health Service (IHS) Area in 2020.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used the 2020 US Cancer Statistics AI/AN Mortality Database and SEER*Stat software to calculate sex-specific age-adjusted death rates (per 100 000 population) for the 15 leading causes of death among non-Hispanic AI/AN and non-Hispanic White people in the United States overall (all areas combined), by IHS Area, and by age group. We restricted analyses to non-Hispanic AI/AN and non-Hispanic White people living in Purchased/Referred Care Delivery Area counties.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Death rates were higher among non-Hispanic AI/AN people than among non-Hispanic White people in the United States overall (rate ratio = 1.90) and in every IHS Area (rate ratio range = 1.11-2.78). Death rates also varied by sex and age. Death rates were nearly 4 times higher among non-Hispanic AI/AN people than among non-Hispanic White people in the 25- to 44-year age group. Leading causes of death among non-Hispanic AI/AN males and females included COVID-19, heart disease, unintentional injury, cancer, and chronic liver disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Death rates differed between non-Hispanic AI/AN and non-Hispanic White people by IHS Area, sex, and age when data corrected for racial misclassification were used. Our findings have important implications for guiding future public health practice to address disparities in mortality, particularly in the context of public health emergencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"687-696"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13111540/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147779025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Integral Role of Dentists During Disasters: Restoring Function, Nutrition, and Dignity.","authors":"Jamla Rizek, Justin Vos","doi":"10.1177/00333549261455321","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549261455321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Dentistry is often portrayed in disaster literature as ancillary (forensics, logistics), while its clinical role in restoring oral function, preventing malnutrition, and supporting psychosocial recovery is underemphasized. The objective of this research was to highlight the role of dentists in disaster response.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This conceptual analysis synthesized published accounts, policy statements, and field examples to reframe dental contributions in disaster settings as essential components of survival and recovery. It examined oral/maxillofacial trauma care, infection control, links between oral health and nutrition, and dignity-restoring prosthodontic interventions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dentists provided interventions that stabilized airways, reduced infection risk, controlled pain, restored chewing and speech, and supported nutritional rehabilitation, outcomes that materially affect survival and recovery. Despite these contributions, dental professionals are rarely integrated into disaster health systems and emergency medical teams (EMTs).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Incorporating dental capabilities into disaster frameworks (EMTs, US National Disaster Medical System), predeployment training, mobile dental assets, and nutrition-oral health integration can improve functional recovery and dignity for disaster survivors. Research and policy development are needed to quantify the effect of dental interventions on health outcomes and to standardize deployment pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"666-670"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13243299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148194867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality Assessment of Health Information on Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease on TikTok, United States, 2024.","authors":"Kalaila L Pais, Khushboo Vijay Bhatia, Xinyuan Zhang, Jessica D Lee, Michelle Lai","doi":"10.1177/00333549261438081","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549261438081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Alcohol-associated liver disease (AALD) is a leading cause of liver disease. Alcohol use disorder is a growing public health problem in the United States. TikTok is a growing source of public health information; such information is not peer reviewed and often does not meet scientific standards. We assessed the quality of AALD information on TikTok.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective observational study of TikTok videos obtained on March 8, 2024, by searching the phrase \"alcohol-associated liver disease.\" We analyzed video characteristics, engagement, and content. Three physicians independently assessed the reliability and quality of the videos by using the DISCERN tool and the Global Quality Score (GQS), scored from 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating better reliability and quality, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 139 videos in the analysis. Video creators/publishers were health care professionals (39.6%), patients and family/friends (35.3%), wellness coaches (22.3%), and others (2.9%). The median (IQR) DISCERN score was 2.0 (1.3-2.7); the median (IQR) GQS score was 2.5 (1.5-3.3), indicating the videos were of low quality. Videos by health care professionals had higher DISCERN and GQS scores (<i>P</i> < .001) than videos by other creators/publishers. Video characteristics did not differ significantly between creator/publisher types. Regression results indicated that videos from health care professionals correlated positively with higher DISCERN and GQS scores, especially when videos were longer.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The quality and reliability of TikTok videos on AALD are poor. The public should exercise caution when accessing AALD-related information on TikTok. Health care providers and public health officials should strongly investigate the quality of health information on social media platforms and seek to improve it.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"706-713"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13121227/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147778981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in Hospitalization and Inpatient Death Patterns by Incarceration Status in 31 US Jurisdictions, 2021.","authors":"Byron S Kennedy, Robert P Richeson, Amy J Houde","doi":"10.1177/00333549251414402","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549251414402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Population-based studies that examine both hospitalization and inpatient death patterns by incarceration status are sparse. We sought to compare hospitalization and inpatient death patterns by incarceration status in the United States.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective study of adults aged 18 to 64 years, we used the 2021 State Inpatient Database files from 31 US jurisdictions, which included discharges from general acute care hospitals. We compared hospitalization and inpatient death patterns among incarcerated adults versus nonincarcerated adults using adjusted rate ratios (ARRs) and 95% CIs, estimated with negative binomial regression. We examined discharges overall and discharges by nonoverlapping hospital service line.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study population included 6.3 million hospital discharges (incarcerated, 1.1%; mean [SD] age, 47.5 [12.7] y; women, 46.8%; non-Hispanic White race and ethnicity, 36.6%), with 2.2% inpatient deaths. For discharges overall, incarcerated adults had higher rates of hospitalization (ARR = 2.9; 95% CI, 2.2-3.8) than nonincarcerated adults, which was driven mainly by higher rates of inpatient admissions classified as mental health/substance use (ARR = 11.8; 95% CI, 8.5-16.8) and injury (ARR = 1.9; 95% CI, 1.6-2.2) among incarcerated adults than among nonincarcerated adults. However, surgical (ARR = 0.6; 95% CI, 0.5-0.6) and medical (ARR = 0.8; 95% CI, 0.7-0.9) admissions were lower among incarcerated adults than among nonincarcerated adults. Overall, incarcerated adults had lower inpatient mortality during their length of stay (ARR = 0.4; 95% CI, 0.4-0.5) than nonincarcerated adults, which was consistent by hospital service line.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Considering hospitalization and mortality together offers a clear view of health care use among incarcerated adults and underscores the need for integrated correctional-hospital data systems to inform public health practice and policy.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"727-736"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12913034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146207434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflections on a Tribal-Federal Response to a Syphilis Outbreak.","authors":"Meghan C O'Connell, Sarah B Wondmeneh, Jessica A Penney, Katie Labgold, Michelle L Johnson Jones, Nicholas Hill, Sarah Shewbrooks, Tinka Duran, Melanie M Taylor","doi":"10.1177/00333549261432096","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549261432096","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"618-621"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13050380/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147616621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}