Psychological methods最新文献_第3页

Relative importance analysis in multiple mediator models.

IF 7.6 1区心理学

Psychological methods Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1037/met0000725

Xun Zhu, Xin Gu

{"title":"Relative importance analysis in multiple mediator models.","authors":"Xun Zhu, Xin Gu","doi":"10.1037/met0000725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000725","url":null,"abstract":"Mediation analysis is widely used in psychological research to identify the relationship between independent and dependent variables through mediators. Assessing the relative importance of mediators in parallel mediator models can help researchers better understand mediation effects and guide interventions. The traditional coefficient-based measures of indirect effect merely focus on the partial effect of each mediator, which may reach undesirable results of importance assessment. This study develops a new method of measuring the importance of multiple mediators. Three R² measures of indirect effect proposed by MacKinnon (2008) are extended to parallel mediator models. Dominance analysis, a popular method of evaluating relative importance, is applied to decompose the R² indirect effect and attribute it to each mediator. This offers new measures of indirect effect in terms of relative importance. Both frequentist and Bayesian methods are used to make statistical inference for the dominance measures. Simulation studies investigate the performance of the dominance measures and their inference. A real data example illustrates how the relative importance can be assessed in multiple mediator models. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":20782,"journal":{"name":"Psychological methods","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143415025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bayesian inference for evidence accumulation models with regressors.

IF 7.6 1区心理学

Psychological methods Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1037/met0000669

Viet Hung Dao, David Gunawan, Robert Kohn, Minh-Ngoc Tran, Guy E Hawkins, Scott D Brown

{"title":"Bayesian inference for evidence accumulation models with regressors.","authors":"Viet Hung Dao, David Gunawan, Robert Kohn, Minh-Ngoc Tran, Guy E Hawkins, Scott D Brown","doi":"10.1037/met0000669","DOIUrl":"10.1037/met0000669","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence accumulation models (EAMs) are an important class of cognitive models used to analyze both response time and response choice data recorded from decision-making tasks. Developments in estimation procedures have helped EAMs become important both in basic scientific applications and solution-focused applied work. Hierarchical Bayesian estimation frameworks for the linear ballistic accumulator (LBA) model and the diffusion decision model (DDM) have been widely used, but still suffer from some key limitations, particularly for large sample sizes, for models with many parameters, and when linking decision-relevant covariates to model parameters. We extend upon previous work with methods for estimating the LBA and DDM in hierarchical Bayesian frameworks that include random effects that are correlated between people and include regression-model links between decision-relevant covariates and model parameters. Our methods work equally well in cases where the covariates are measured once per person (e.g., personality traits or psychological tests) or once per decision (e.g., neural or physiological data). We provide methods for exact Bayesian inference, using particle-based Markov chain Monte-Carlo, and also approximate methods based on variational Bayesian (VB) inference. The VB methods are sufficiently fast and efficient that they can address large-scale estimation problems, such as with very large data sets. We evaluate the performance of these methods in applications to data from three existing experiments. Detailed algorithmic implementations and code are freely available for all methods. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":20782,"journal":{"name":"Psychological methods","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143415021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Missing not at random intensive longitudinal data with dynamic structural equation models.

IF 7.6 1区心理学

Psychological methods Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1037/met0000742

Daniel McNeish

{"title":"Missing not at random intensive longitudinal data with dynamic structural equation models.","authors":"Daniel McNeish","doi":"10.1037/met0000742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000742","url":null,"abstract":"Intensive longitudinal designs are increasingly popular for assessing moment-to-moment changes in mood, affect, and interpersonal or health behavior. Compliance in these studies is never perfect given the high frequency of data collection, so missing data are unavoidable. Nonetheless, there is relatively little existing research on missing data within dynamic structural equation models, a recently proposed framework for modeling intensive longitudinal data. The few studies that exist tend to focus on methods appropriate for data that are missing at random (MAR). However, missing not at random (MNAR) data are prevalent, particularly when the interest is a sensitive outcome related to mental health, substance use, or sexual behavior. As a motivating example, a study on people with binge eating disorder that has large amounts of missingness in a self-report item related to overeating is considered. Missingness may be high because participants felt shame reporting this behavior, which is a clear case of MNAR and for which methods like multiple imputation and full-information maximum likelihood are less effective. To improve handling of MNAR intensive longitudinal data, embedding a Diggle-Kenward-type MNAR model within a dynamic structural equation model is proposed. This approach is straightforward to apply in popular software like Mplus and only requires a few extra lines of code relative to models that assume MAR. Results from the proposed approach are contrasted with results from models that assume MAR, and a simulation study is conducted to study performance of the proposed model with continuous or binary outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":20782,"journal":{"name":"Psychological methods","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A peculiarity in psychological measurement practices.

IF 7.6 1区心理学

Psychological methods Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1037/met0000731

Mark White

引用次数: 0

Reliability in unidimensional ordinal data: A comparison of continuous and ordinal estimators.

IF 7.6 1区心理学

Psychological methods Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1037/met0000739

Eunseong Cho, Sébastien Béland

{"title":"Reliability in unidimensional ordinal data: A comparison of continuous and ordinal estimators.","authors":"Eunseong Cho, Sébastien Béland","doi":"10.1037/met0000739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000739","url":null,"abstract":"This study challenges three common methodological beliefs and practices. The first question examines whether ordinal reliability estimators are more accurate than continuous estimators for unidimensional data with uncorrelated errors. Continuous estimators (e.g., coefficient alpha) can be applied to both continuous and ordinal data, while ordinal estimators (e.g., ordinal alpha and categorical omega) are specific to ordinal data. Although ordinal estimators are often argued to have conceptual advantages, comprehensive investigations into their accuracy are limited. The second question explores the relationship between skewness and kurtosis in ordinal data. Previous simulation studies have primarily examined cases where skewness and kurtosis change in the same direction, leaving gaps in understanding their independent effects. The third question addresses item response theory (IRT) models: Should the scaling constant always be fixed at the same value (e.g., 1.7)? To answer these questions, this study conducted a Monte Carlo simulation comparing four continuous estimators and eight ordinal estimators. The results indicated that most estimators achieved acceptable levels of accuracy. On average, ordinal estimators were slightly less accurate than continuous estimators, though the difference was smaller than what most users would consider practically significant (e.g., less than 0.01). However, ordinal alpha stood out as a notable exception, severely overestimating reliability across various conditions. Regarding the scaling constant in IRT models, the results indicated that its optimal value varied depending on the data type (e.g., dichotomous vs. polytomous). In some cases, values below 1.7 were optimal, while in others, values above 1.8 were optimal. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":20782,"journal":{"name":"Psychological methods","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The relationship between the phi coefficient and the unidimensionality index H: Improving psychological scaling from the ground up.

IF 7.6 1区心理学

Psychological methods Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1037/met0000736

Johannes Titz

{"title":"The relationship between the phi coefficient and the unidimensionality index H: Improving psychological scaling from the ground up.","authors":"Johannes Titz","doi":"10.1037/met0000736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000736","url":null,"abstract":"To study the dimensional structure of psychological phenomena, a precise definition of unidimensionality is essential. Most definitions of unidimensionality rely on factor analysis. However, the reliability of factor analysis depends on the input data, which primarily consists of Pearson correlations. A significant issue with Pearson correlations is that they are almost guaranteed to underestimate unidimensionality, rendering them unsuitable for evaluating the unidimensionality of a scale. This article formally demonstrates that the simple unidimensionality index H is always at least as high as, or higher than, the Pearson correlation for dichotomous and polytomous items (φ). Leveraging this inequality, a case is presented where five dichotomous items are perfectly unidimensional, yet factor analysis based on φ incorrectly suggests a two-dimensional solution. To illustrate that this issue extends beyond theoretical scenarios, an analysis of real data from a statistics exam (N = 133) is conducted, revealing the same problem. An in-depth analysis of the exam data shows that violations of unidimensionality are systematic and should not be dismissed as mere noise. Inconsistent answering patterns can indicate whether a participant blundered, cheated, or has conceptual misunderstandings, information typically overlooked by traditional scaling procedures based on correlations. The conclusion is that psychologists should consider unidimensionality not as a peripheral concern but as the foundation for any serious scaling attempt. The index H could play a crucial role in establishing this foundation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":20782,"journal":{"name":"Psychological methods","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reassessing the fitting propensity of factor models.

IF 7.6 1区心理学

Psychological methods Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1037/met0000735

Wes Bonifay, Li Cai, Carl F Falk, Kristopher J Preacher

引用次数: 0

A novel approach to estimate moderated treatment effects and moderated mediated effects with continuous moderators. 一种新的方法来估计调节治疗效果和持续调节因子的调节介导效果。

IF 7.6 1区心理学

Psychological methods Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-12 DOI: 10.1037/met0000593

Matthew J Valente, Judith J M Rijnhart, Oscar Gonzalez

{"title":"A novel approach to estimate moderated treatment effects and moderated mediated effects with continuous moderators.","authors":"Matthew J Valente, Judith J M Rijnhart, Oscar Gonzalez","doi":"10.1037/met0000593","DOIUrl":"10.1037/met0000593","url":null,"abstract":"Moderation analysis is used to study under what conditions or for which subgroups of individuals a treatment effect is stronger or weaker. When a moderator variable is categorical, such as assigned sex, treatment effects can be estimated for each group resulting in a treatment effect for males and a treatment effect for females. If a moderator variable is a continuous variable, a strategy for investigating moderated treatment effects is to estimate conditional effects (i.e., simple slopes) via the pick-a-point approach. When conditional effects are estimated using the pick-a-point approach, the conditional effects are often given the interpretation of \"the treatment effect for the subgroup of individuals….\" However, the interpretation of these conditional effects as subgroup effects is potentially misleading because conditional effects are interpreted at a specific value of the moderator variable (e.g., +1 SD above the mean). We describe a simple solution that resolves this problem using a simulation-based approach. We describe how to apply this simulation-based approach to estimate subgroup effects by defining subgroups using a range of scores on the continuous moderator variable. We apply this method to three empirical examples to demonstrate how to estimate subgroup effects for moderated treatment and moderated mediated effects when the moderator variable is a continuous variable. Finally, we provide researchers with both SAS and R code to implement this method for similar situations described in this paper. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":20782,"journal":{"name":"Psychological methods","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10713862/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9620515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Troubleshooting Bayesian cognitive models. 贝叶斯认知模型故障排除。

IF 7.6 1区心理学

Psychological methods Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.1037/met0000554

Beth Baribault, Anne G E Collins

{"title":"Troubleshooting Bayesian cognitive models.","authors":"Beth Baribault, Anne G E Collins","doi":"10.1037/met0000554","DOIUrl":"10.1037/met0000554","url":null,"abstract":"Using Bayesian methods to apply computational models of cognitive processes, or Bayesian cognitive modeling, is an important new trend in psychological research. The rise of Bayesian cognitive modeling has been accelerated by the introduction of software that efficiently automates the Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling used for Bayesian model fitting-including the popular Stan and PyMC packages, which automate the dynamic Hamiltonian Monte Carlo and No-U-Turn Sampler (HMC/NUTS) algorithms that we spotlight here. Unfortunately, Bayesian cognitive models can struggle to pass the growing number of diagnostic checks required of Bayesian models. If any failures are left undetected, inferences about cognition based on the model's output may be biased or incorrect. As such, Bayesian cognitive models almost always require troubleshooting before being used for inference. Here, we present a deep treatment of the diagnostic checks and procedures that are critical for effective troubleshooting, but are often left underspecified by tutorial papers. After a conceptual introduction to Bayesian cognitive modeling and HMC/NUTS sampling, we outline the diagnostic metrics, procedures, and plots necessary to detect problems in model output with an emphasis on how these requirements have recently been changed and extended. Throughout, we explain how uncovering the exact nature of the problem is often the key to identifying solutions. We also demonstrate the troubleshooting process for an example hierarchical Bayesian model of reinforcement learning, including supplementary code. With this comprehensive guide to techniques for detecting, identifying, and overcoming problems in fitting Bayesian cognitive models, psychologists across subfields can more confidently build and use Bayesian cognitive models in their research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":20782,"journal":{"name":"Psychological methods","volume":" ","pages":"128-154"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10522800/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9188270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is exploratory factor analysis always to be preferred? A systematic comparison of factor analytic techniques throughout the confirmatory-exploratory continuum. 探索性因素分析总是首选吗?在整个确认-探索连续体中对因素分析技术进行系统比较。

IF 7.6 1区心理学

Psychological methods Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.1037/met0000579

Pablo Nájera, Francisco J Abad, Miguel A Sorrel

{"title":"Is exploratory factor analysis always to be preferred? A systematic comparison of factor analytic techniques throughout the confirmatory-exploratory continuum.","authors":"Pablo Nájera, Francisco J Abad, Miguel A Sorrel","doi":"10.1037/met0000579","DOIUrl":"10.1037/met0000579","url":null,"abstract":"The number of available factor analytic techniques has been increasing in the last decades. However, the lack of clear guidelines and exhaustive comparison studies between the techniques might hinder that these valuable methodological advances make their way to applied research. The present paper evaluates the performance of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), CFA with sequential model modification using modification indices and the Saris procedure, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with different rotation procedures (Geomin, target, and objectively refined target matrix), Bayesian structural equation modeling (BSEM), and a new set of procedures that, after fitting an unrestrictive model (i.e., EFA, BSEM), identify and retain only the relevant loadings to provide a parsimonious CFA solution (ECFA, BCFA). By means of an exhaustive Monte Carlo simulation study and a real data illustration, it is shown that CFA and BSEM are overly stiff and, consequently, do not appropriately recover the structure of slightly misspecified models. EFA usually provides the most accurate parameter estimates, although the rotation procedure choice is of major importance, especially depending on whether the latent factors are correlated or not. Finally, ECFA might be a sound option whenever an a priori structure cannot be hypothesized and the latent factors are correlated. Moreover, it is shown that the pattern of the results of a factor analytic technique can be somehow predicted based on its positioning in the confirmatory-exploratory continuum. Applied recommendations are given for the selection of the most appropriate technique under different representative scenarios by means of a detailed flowchart. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":20782,"journal":{"name":"Psychological methods","volume":" ","pages":"16-39"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9876148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0