Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging最新文献

{"title":"Quantitative assessment of brain structural abnormalities in children with autism spectrum disorder based on artificial intelligence automatic brain segmentation technology and machine learning methods","authors":"Xiaowen Xu ,&nbsp;Yang Li ,&nbsp;Ning Ding ,&nbsp;Yukun Zang ,&nbsp;Shanshan Sun ,&nbsp;Gaoyu Shen ,&nbsp;Xiufeng Song","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111901","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111901","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Rationale and objectives</h3><div>To explore the characteristics of brain structure in Chinese children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using artificial intelligence automatic brain segmentation technique, and to diagnose children with ASD using machine learning (ML) methods in combination with structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) features.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 60 ASD children and 48 age- and sex-matched typically developing (TD) children were prospectively enrolled from January 2023 to April 2024. All subjects were scanned using 3D-T1 sequences. Automated brain segmentation techniques were utilized to obtain the standardized volume of each brain structure (the ratio of the absolute volume of brain structure to the whole brain volume). The standardized volumes of each brain structure in the two groups were statistically compared, and the volume data of brain areas with significant differences were combined with ML methods to diagnose and predict ASD patients.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared with the TD group, the volumes of the right lateral orbitofrontal cortex, right medial orbitofrontal cortex, right pars opercularis, right pars triangularis, left hippocampus, bilateral parahippocampal gyrus, left fusiform gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus, bilateral insula, bilateral inferior parietal cortex, right precuneus cortex, bilateral putamen, left pallidum, and right thalamus were significantly increased in the ASD group (<em>P</em>&lt; 0.05). Among six ML algorithms, support vector machine (SVM) and adaboost (AB) had better performance in differentiating subjects with ASD from those TD children, with their average area under curve (AUC) reaching 0.91 and 0.92, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Automatic brain segmentation technology based on artificial intelligence can rapidly and directly measure and display the volume of brain structures in children with autism spectrum disorder and typically developing children. Children with ASD show abnormalities in multiple brain structures, and when paired with sMRI features, ML algorithms perform well in the diagnosis of ASD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 111901"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142293988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personalized fMRI tasks for grief severity in bereaved individuals: Emotional counting Stroop and grief elicitation protocols","authors":"Jonathan Singer ,&nbsp;Joseph S. Goveas ,&nbsp;Lauren Elliott ,&nbsp;Harshit Parmar ,&nbsp;O'Connor Mary-Frances","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Approximately 7–10% of people experiencing bereavement following a death develop prolonged grief disorder, a psychiatric disorder included in the DSM-5-TR. Prolonged grief disorder encompasses core symptoms of intense yearning/longing for and preoccupation with thoughts or memories of the deceased person experienced to a clinically significant degree for at least the last month, other key associated symptoms (e.g., avoidance, emotional pain), and the death must have occurred at least one year prior to diagnosis. Extant research has shown a relationship between activation in the reward pathway (e.g., nucleus accumbens) and grief severity. To date, functional MRI studies have primarily utilized the Emotional Counting Stroop task (ecStroop) and the Grief Elicitation task to explore these relationships. However, these prior studies are not without limitations, including small sample sizes and absence of a unified task protocol, hindering meaningful comparisons between studies. This protocol paper describes the ecStroop task and the Grief Elicitation task, which will be vital for facilitating multisite studies and enabling comparisons across studies. This will aid to advance the field by identifying neurophysiological measures that may, in the future, serve as potential biomarkers of prolonged grief disorder.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 111902"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142232418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of RNFL and macular changes in the eye related to multiple substance use using OCT","authors":"Şüheda Kaya ,&nbsp;Mehmet Kaan Kaya","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111889","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111889","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Substance use is a chronic and recurrent public healthcare concern increasing in the world, causing negative outcomes. Two or more substance use is common among people who have substance use disorders and who receive treatment. For this reason, the present study aimed to measure Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL), Mean Macular Thickness (MMT), Central Macular Thickness (CMT) in patients who have Multiple substance use disorder (MSUD) using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), considering that it will contribute to the literature. Among the inpatients who were rehabilitated in Elazig Mental Hospital Alcohol and Substance Addiction Treatment Center, 75 people who were diagnosed with MSUD according to DSM-5 and met the criteria, and 51 control groups were included in the study. RNFL, MMT and CMT measurements of both eyes of all participants were made by using the OCT. Total RNFL measurement were significantly thicker than the control group (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). MMT and CMT of the eyes of the patient were thinner than the control group (<em>p</em> = 0.009, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). The findings provide important contributions to the literature data and in light of these findings, it can be recommended to consider visual findings and possible neurodegeneration when evaluating patients in the addiction group and planning their treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 111889"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142232417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroimaging-based drug discovery for amyloid clearance therapy in Alzheimer's disease using validated causation analysis","authors":"Anindita Bhattacharjee ,&nbsp;Pratik Purohit ,&nbsp;Prasun K. Roy","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111890","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111890","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aging-induced hepatic dysfunction can impair cholesterol metabolism, reducing the availability of cholic acid (CA, bile-acid) in brain. CA is reported to have neuroprotective characteristics in preclinical investigations of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our aim is to probe the causal-connectivity between the players: amyloid, cholic acid and cerebral-blood-flow, and thereby explore therapeutic applicability in AD. From AD neuroimaging initiative biospecimen platform, we evaluated serum cholic-acid (182 healthy/136 AD individuals). We also assessed 50 healthy/50 Alzheimer's subjects containing MRI-ASL scanning (cerebral blood-flow, CBF) and PET-AV45 scanning (amyloid-load). We performed computational causal connectivity to determine the cause-effect relationship among the parameters. Serum cholic acid in AD subjects substantially decreased to half of controls. Causal-connectivity revealed two novel causative pathways: (i) Decreasing serum CA markedly increased amyloid-load; (ii) Increasing amyloid-load distinctly decreased CBF. We substantiated these two causation pathways respectively with collateral available preclinical observations: (a) increased cholic acid reduces amyloid formation by diminishing gamma-secretase; (b) this decreased amyloid induces capillary-flow enhancement by relaxing vascular pericytes. Indeed, cholic acid can increase amyloid-clearance factor. Neuroimaging-based causal connectivity analysis showed that repositioned pharmacological modulation by cholate derivatives may have appreciable potential as novel window for therapeutic approach to AD. Indicative clinical validation is furnished from available therapeutic trial leads.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 111890"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of neural networks involved in transdiagnostic emotion dysregulation from a pilot randomized controlled trial of a neurostimulation-enhanced behavioral intervention","authors":"Andrada D. Neacsiu ,&nbsp;Nimesha Gerlus ,&nbsp;John L. Graner ,&nbsp;Lysianne Beynel ,&nbsp;Moria J. Smoski ,&nbsp;Kevin S. LaBar","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111891","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111891","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Emotional dysregulation is a serious and impairing mental health problem. We examined functional activity and connectivity of neural networks involved in emotional dysregulation at baseline and following a pilot neurostimulation-enhanced cognitive restructuring intervention in a transdiagnostic clinical adult sample.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Neuroimaging data were analyzed from adults who scored 89 or higher on the Difficulties with Emotion Regulation (DERS) scale and had at least one DSM-5 diagnosis. These participants were part of a pilot randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial combining a single therapeutic session of cognitive restructuring with active or sham transcranial magnetic stimulation over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. During the study, participants engaged in an emotional regulation task using personalized autobiographical stressors while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) before and after the pilot intervention. The fMRI task required participants to either experience the emotions associated with the memories or apply cognitive restructuring strategies to reduce their distress.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Whole-brain fMRI results during regulation at baseline revealed increased activation in the dorsal frontoparietal network but decreased activation in the supplementary motor area, cingulate cortex, insula, and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC). Emotion dysregulation was associated with greater vmPFC and amygdala activation and functional connectivity between these regions. The strength of functional connectivity between the dlPFC and other frontal regions was also a marker of emotional dysregulation. Preliminary findings from a subset of participants who completed the follow-up fMRI scan showed that active neurostimulation improved behavioral indices of emotion regulation more than sham stimulation. A whole-brain generalized psychophysiological interaction analysis indicated that active neurostimulation selectively increased occipital cortex connectivity with both the insula and the dlPFC. Region-of-interest functional connectivity analyses showed that active neurostimulation selectively increased dlPFC connectivity with the insula and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Insufficient neural specificity during the emotion regulation process and over-involvement of frontal regions may be a marker of emotional dysregulation across disorders. OFC, vlPFC, insula activity, and connectivity are associated with improved emotion regulation in transdiagnostic adults. In this pilot study, active neurostimulation led to neural changes in the emotion regulation network after a single session; however, the intervention findings are preliminary, given the small sample size. These functional network properties can inform future neuroscience-driven interventions and larger-scale studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 111891"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142232416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Borderline personality trait is associated with neural differentiation of self-other processing: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study","authors":"Do Yeon Yoo,&nbsp;Da Won Jeong,&nbsp;Min Kyoung Kim,&nbsp;Seyul Kwak","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111882","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111882","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Individuals with borderline personality traits are known to have disturbed representations of self and others. Specifically, an unstable self-identity and difficulties distinguishing between self and others can impair their mentalizing abilities in interpersonal situations. However, it is unclear whether these traits are linked to differences in neural representation of self and others.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this study involving 156 young adults, changes in neural function during self-other processing were measured using a Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) task and a self-report survey. During the fNIRS task, participants were asked about their own traits, others' traits, how they believed others perceived them, and the basic meaning of words. The study aimed to determine whether the degree of neural differentiation between the task conditions was related to borderline personality traits.</p></div><div><h3>Result</h3><p>The study found that traits indicative of identity instability could be predicted by similarities in task-dependent connectivity. Specifically, the neural patterns when individuals estimated how others perceived them were more similar to the patterns when they judged their own traits.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These findings suggest that borderline personality traits related to identity issues may reflect difficulties in distinguishing between neural patterns when processing self and other information.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 111882"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142146097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperactivity and altered functional connectivity of the ventral striatum in schizophrenia compared with bipolar disorder: A resting state fMRI study","authors":"Li Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenli Wang ,&nbsp;Yuan Ruan ,&nbsp;Zhiyong Li ,&nbsp;Yanjun ,&nbsp;Gong-Jun Ji ,&nbsp;Yanghua Tian ,&nbsp;Kai Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111881","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111881","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Schizophrenia patients frequently present with structural and functional abnormalities of the ventral striatum (VS).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>we examined basal activation state and functional connectivity (FC) in four subregions of the bilateral ventral striatum: left inferior ventral striatum (VSi_L), left superior ventral striatum(VSs_L), right inferior ventral striatum(VSi_R), and right superior ventral striatum(VSs_R). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance images were obtained from 62 schizophrenia patients (SCH), 57 bipolar disorder (BD) patients, and 26 healthy controls (HCs).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The schizophrenia group exhibited greater fALFF in bilateral VS subregions compared to BD and HC groups as well as greater FC between the bilateral VSi and multiple brain regions, including the thalamus, putamen, posterior cingulate gyrus (PCC), frontal cortex and caudate. Moreover, the fALFF values of the bilateral ventral striatum were positively correlated with the severity of positive symptoms. We also found the functional connectivity between the bilateral inferior ventral striatum and some brain regions aforementioned were positively correlated with the severity of negative symptoms.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These findings confirm a crucial contribution of ventral striatum dysfunction, especially of the bilateral VSi in schizophrenia. Functionally dissociated regions of the ventral striatum are differentially disturbed in schizophrenia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 111881"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142230319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"tDCS for the treatment of negative symptoms in youth at clinical-high-risk for psychosis: A feasibility study","authors":"Paul D. Metzak ,&nbsp;Marilena M. DeMayo ,&nbsp;Kali Brummitt ,&nbsp;Signe Bray ,&nbsp;Frank MacMaster ,&nbsp;Ashley Harris ,&nbsp;Alexander McGirr ,&nbsp;Jean Addington","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111879","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111879","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Negative symptoms are often found in youth at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis. The present study explored the feasibility of using tDCS in conjunction with CBT in the treatment of negative symptoms in 5 youths at CHR. We sought to determine whether the protocol was feasible given the requirement for repeated visits over a three-week period, and to determine if measures of neurobiological change could be included, both acutely and following three weeks of stimulation. The results from this study suggest that the protocol is feasible for these youth, and the inclusion of MRI scanning sessions yielded good quality data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 111879"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142095440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dysconnectivity of the cerebellum and somatomotor network correlates with the severity of alogia in chronic schizophrenia","authors":"Wiktor Więcławski ,&nbsp;Krzysztof Bielski ,&nbsp;Martin Jani ,&nbsp;Marek Binder ,&nbsp;Przemysław Adamczyk","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111883","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111883","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent fMRI resting-state findings show aberrant functional connectivity within somatomotor network (SMN) in schizophrenia. Moreover, functional connectivity aberrations of the motor system are often reported to be related to the severity of psychotic symptoms. Thus, it is important to validate those findings and confirm their relationship with psychopathology. Therefore, we decided to take an entirely data-driven approach in our fMRI resting-state study of 30 chronic schizophrenia outpatients and 30 matched control subjects. We used independent component analysis (ICA), dual regression, and seed-based connectivity analysis. We found reduced functional connectivity within SMN in schizophrenia patients compared to controls and SMN hypoconnectivity with the cerebellum in schizophrenia patients. The latter was strongly correlated with the severity of alogia, one of the main psychotic symptoms, i.e. poverty of speech and reduction in spontaneous speech,. Our results are consistent with the recent knowledge about the role of the cerebellum in cognitive functioning and its abnormalities in psychiatric disorders, e.g. schizophrenia. In conclusion, the presented results, for the first time clearly showed the involvement of the cerebellum hypoconnectivity with SMN in the persistence and severity of alogia symptoms in schizophrenia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 111883"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925492724001069/pdfft?md5=27b0e56973e4c8e018bafd248cdd5236&pid=1-s2.0-S0925492724001069-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142146098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroimaging evidence of disturbed self-appraisal in posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review","authors":"J. Agathos ,&nbsp;A. Putica ,&nbsp;T. Steward ,&nbsp;K.L. Felmingham ,&nbsp;M.L. O'Donnell ,&nbsp;C. Davey ,&nbsp;B.J. Harrison","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111888","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111888","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The experience of self-hood in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is altered cognitively and somatically. Dysfunctional negative cognitions about the self are a central mechanism of PTSD symptomatology and treatment. However, while higher-order brain models of disturbances in self-appraisal (i.e., cognitive processes relating to evaluating the self) have been examined in other psychiatric disorders, it is unclear how normative brain function during self-appraisal is impaired in PTSD.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This paper presents a PRISMA systematic review of functional neuroimaging studies (<em>n</em> = 5), to establish a neurobiological account of how self-appraisal processes are disturbed in PTSD. The review was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023450509).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Self-appraisal in PTSD is linked to disrupted activity in core self-processing regions of the Default Mode Network (DMN); and regions involved in cognitive control and emotion regulation, salience and valuation.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>Because self-appraisal in PTSD is relatively under-studied, only a small number of studies could be included for review. Cross-study heterogeneity in analytic approaches and trauma-exposure history prohibited a quantitative meta-analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This paper proposes a mechanistic account of how neural dysfunctions may manifest clinically in PTSD and inform targeted selection of appropriate treatment options. We present a research agenda for future work to advance the field.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 111888"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925492724001112/pdfft?md5=1fe8e41970d270a2ce02f341fe0f352a&pid=1-s2.0-S0925492724001112-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142136464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}