Jared R Ruchensky, Alison B Concannon, Aislinn R Kittle, Marcus T Boccaccini
{"title":"Personality Assessment Inventory-derived estimates of section III antisocial personality disorder and recidivism in a sample of men evaluated for sexually violent predator status.","authors":"Jared R Ruchensky, Alison B Concannon, Aislinn R Kittle, Marcus T Boccaccini","doi":"10.1037/pas0001373","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pas0001373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Personality Assessment Inventory is a broadband self-report instrument of personality, psychopathology, and response style that is commonly used in Sexually Violent Predator evaluations. These evaluations typically involve assessment of personality pathology that is empirically associated with recidivism, such as psychopathic personality disorder. Over the past several years, researchers have developed rescoring procedures for the Personality Assessment Inventory that compute information on the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders-a hybrid dimensional-categorical model of personality functioning (Criterion A) and pathological traits (Criterion B). Although these scores are available for applied use, there is limited work on their psychometric properties in forensic evaluations. The present study examines whether antisocial personality disorder and related facets predict recidivism in a sample of incarcerated men evaluated for Sexually Violent Predator status. Results suggest these scores modestly predict most forms of recidivism and sex offender registry violations. However, no score predicted sexual recidivism. This pattern suggests that these scores can inform consideration of risk for certain forms of recidivism (e.g., violent), but are perhaps less useful for determining risk of additional sexual offenses. These results provide preliminary evidence that these Personality Assessment Inventory scores modestly predict outcomes relevant to forensic practitioners and may be a viable approach to measuring personality pathology that is commonly assessed in forensic work. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20770,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Assessment","volume":"37 4","pages":"194-200"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeremy F Mills, Andrew L Gray, Eugene W Wang, Kelly M Chroback
{"title":"A large sample factor analysis of the Measures of Criminal Attitudes and Associates in a diverse population of incarcerated offenders.","authors":"Jeremy F Mills, Andrew L Gray, Eugene W Wang, Kelly M Chroback","doi":"10.1037/pas0001364","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pas0001364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antisocial attitudes and associates are central constructs related to antisocial and criminal behavior. The self-report Measures of Criminal Attitudes and Associates (MCAA) has grown in application within the literature over the past 2 decades. However, tests of the MCAA's factor structure can best be described as preliminary, and there has been no test of measurement invariance. For the present study, we examined the reliability and construct validity of the MCAA in a diverse sample of incarcerated adults in the state of Texas (N = 72,099). Using confirmatory factor analysis, we examined the underlying factor structure and tested for measurement invariance across sex, race/ethnicity, and demand characteristics. Our results supported the original four-factor structure of the MCAA, with measurement invariance being demonstrated across sex (i.e., male vs. female), race/ethnicity (i.e., Black non-Hispanic, White Hispanic, White non-Hispanic), and demand characteristics (i.e., mandated vs. voluntary treatment). Modest associations between the MCAA and criminal history variables were observed, with between-group differences yielding small effect sizes. Overall, our findings provide strong support for the four-factor structure and measurement invariance of the MCAA. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20770,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Assessment","volume":"37 4","pages":"137-147"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mirka Henninger, Niels Vanhasbroeck, Francis Tuerlinckx
{"title":"Affect dynamics or response bias? The relationship between extreme response style and affect dynamics in a controlled experiment.","authors":"Mirka Henninger, Niels Vanhasbroeck, Francis Tuerlinckx","doi":"10.1037/pas0001370","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pas0001370","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intensive longitudinal data (ILD) have become a popular data format to capture people's momentary affect in everyday life. Besides describing persons' average affect over time, ILD are also often used to describe affect dynamics-that is, how affect changes over time-such as intraindividual variability or moment-to-moment temporal dependencies. Given that ILD studies mostly use self-report rating data, there is an increasing concern that response biases, such as extreme responding, might impact the estimates of affect dynamics. In this study, we assessed the relationship between extreme responding and affect dynamics in a controlled experiment. In a highly powered sample with <i>N</i> = 1,398 persons, we measured extreme responding using background questionnaires and repeatedly induced affect using a probabilistic reward task with <i>T</i> = 140 trials per person. Our results suggest that people with high extreme response style trait levels show substantially higher measures of affect variability. However, extreme responding is neither associated with moment-to-moment temporal dependencies nor with participants' reactivity to affective stimuli. We conclude with a discussion on the importance of evaluating measurement in ILD for psychological assessments and outline potential areas for future research to improve assessments of affect dynamics. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20770,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Assessment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143625720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lindsay N Gabel, Thomas M Olino, Kasey Stanton, Brandon L Goldstein, Daniel N Klein, Elizabeth P Hayden
{"title":"Assessing childhood and adolescent development of self-concepts via a self-referent encoding task.","authors":"Lindsay N Gabel, Thomas M Olino, Kasey Stanton, Brandon L Goldstein, Daniel N Klein, Elizabeth P Hayden","doi":"10.1037/pas0001363","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pas0001363","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Self-concept, which reflects individuals' overarching views of themselves and their qualities, has been implicated in the development of depression. Studying developmental and sex differences in self-concept between middle childhood and mid-adolescence may speak to the processes by which early self-concept contributes to later depression risk; however, such an understanding requires valid assessment tools. We tested the measurement invariance of a widely used behavioral measure of self-concept, the Self-Referent Encoding Task (SRET), across sex and age from middle childhood (age 6) to mid-adolescence (age 15). Participants (n = 546) were assessed longitudinally four times over a 9-year follow-up at ages 6, 9, 12, and 15. The SRET showed measurement invariance, as well as moderate to high stability, across ages 9-15. Using findings of invariance to inform subsequent analyses of developmental differences in youth self-concept, we found that children's negative self-concepts became increasingly negative from ages 9 to 15. Children's positive self-concepts increased from ages 9 to 12 before decreasing to preadolescent levels of positivity from ages 12 to 15. We additionally found measurement invariance of the SRET across sex at ages 9, 12, and 15. No sex invariance was found at age 6. Boys and girls did not differ in positive or negative self-concept at age 9, 12, or 15. We make recommendations for the use of SRET indices in assessing youth self-concept. We also discuss implications for the developmental dynamics of youth self-concept across late childhood and adolescence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20770,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Assessment","volume":"37 3","pages":"100-113"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12076582/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143414512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luka E J Vähäsarja, Jari O Lipsanen, Anne M Kouvonen, Eero T Lahelma, Raimo Lappalainen, Marianna Virtanen, Tea M Lallukka
{"title":"Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) for Finnish-speaking adults: Validation and normative data.","authors":"Luka E J Vähäsarja, Jari O Lipsanen, Anne M Kouvonen, Eero T Lahelma, Raimo Lappalainen, Marianna Virtanen, Tea M Lallukka","doi":"10.1037/pas0001355","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pas0001355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We conducted the first validation of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) in Finnish. DASS-21 is a short public domain questionnaire, which presents a way to quickly and effectively screen for mental ill health. We recruited two large samples, one aged 24-45 (<i>N</i> = 3,101 [2,488 women]), and the other aged 60-82 (<i>N</i> = 5,462 [4,473 women]), all employees of the city of Helsinki at inclusion (2017 and 2000-2002). DASS-21 measured depression, anxiety, stress, and general distress reliably among Finnish-speaking adults. It appeared invariant with age and gender as evinced by invariance analyses, latent mean comparisons, and an examination of psychometric properties for the subscales and individual items. The subscales negatively correlated with the Emotional Well-being subscale of the RAND-36, as expected. A comparison of five structural models using confirmatory factor analyses and a robust estimation method (weighted-least-squares method) showed a good fit for a one-factor solution. We discuss the use and interpretation of the DASS-21 as both a measure of specific affective symptoms and unidimensional general distress. We provide future researchers and clinicians with norms and estimates of measurement error among Finnish-speaking adults. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20770,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"e15-e27"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Piers Dawes, David Reeves, Wai Kent Yeung, Fiona Holland, Anna Pavlina Charalambous, Renaud David, Catherine Helmer, Lisa Keay, Sheela Kumaran, Rebecca E Leighton, Julie-Anne Little, Ralph N Martins, Marianne Piano, Antonis Politis, Annie Pye, Gail Robinson, Gregor Russell, Saima Sheikh, Hamid R Sohrabi, Chryssoula Thodi, Kathleen Gallant, Ziad Nasreddine, Iracema Leroi
{"title":"Development and validation of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment for People with Vision Impairment (MOCA-VI).","authors":"Piers Dawes, David Reeves, Wai Kent Yeung, Fiona Holland, Anna Pavlina Charalambous, Renaud David, Catherine Helmer, Lisa Keay, Sheela Kumaran, Rebecca E Leighton, Julie-Anne Little, Ralph N Martins, Marianne Piano, Antonis Politis, Annie Pye, Gail Robinson, Gregor Russell, Saima Sheikh, Hamid R Sohrabi, Chryssoula Thodi, Kathleen Gallant, Ziad Nasreddine, Iracema Leroi","doi":"10.1037/pas0001357","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pas0001357","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vision impairment is common among older adults and affects dementia screening assessments, which include visually presented items. We developed and validated a version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) for people with vision impairment that includes all the cognitive domains included in the standard MoCA. Visual components of the MoCA were adapted by developing alternative spoken forms. We used both individual item analysis and item substitution to identify the optimal set of alternative items for inclusion in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment for People With Vision Impairment (MoCA-VI) in place of the original items to maximize sensitivity and specificity for dementia. We evaluated the performance and reliability of the final tool, including adjustments for demographic factors. One hundred twenty-eight participants with vision impairment (presenting distance visual acuity worse than 6/12), 79 cognitively healthy and 49 with dementia, completed the adapted MoCA. An additional 86 participants with normal vision completed the standard MoCA and alternative items to assess score equivalence and independence from vision impairment. Twenty-six participants were retested 2-4 weeks after initial testing. With the optimal item set, the final MoCA-VI had an area under the curve of 0.96 (95% CI [0.93, 0.99]). At a cut point of 24 points or less, sensitivity was 95.9%, with a specificity of 92.4%. The intraclass correlation for test-retest reliability was 0.84 (95% CI [0.81, 0.96]). The MoCA-VI is a specific and reliable test for possible dementia among adults with vision impairment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20770,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Assessment","volume":"37 3","pages":"114-122"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143414513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jane R Conway, Emily L Long, Leora Sevi, Caroline Catmur, Geoffrey Bird
{"title":"Theoretical limitations on mindreading measures: Commentary on Wendt et al. (2024).","authors":"Jane R Conway, Emily L Long, Leora Sevi, Caroline Catmur, Geoffrey Bird","doi":"10.1037/pas0001349","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pas0001349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this Commentary article, we expand on issues in the theory of mind literature raised by Wendt et al. (2024) that limit progress in our understanding of how people read other minds. We critically assess how they categorized tasks in their study and, in so doing, raise deeper questions that need addressing: What exactly are mental states; how can we accurately measure mindreading when the \"correct\" answer lacks ground truth; and what are the contributions to individual differences in mindreading of general cognitive ability and specific experience in the kinds of minds being read? We conclude that developing a psychological theory of how people read other minds would advance ways in which we can better measure and explain what it means to be better or worse at mindreading and how general cognitive ability relates to this sociocognitive skill. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20770,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Assessment","volume":"37 3","pages":"129-132"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143414799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Points of contention in measure evaluation can arise from the use of divergent validity frameworks: A reply to Conway et al. (2025).","authors":"Leon P Wendt","doi":"10.1037/pas0001361","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pas0001361","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This reply to Conway et al. (2025) illustrates how points of contention in the evaluation of mindreading (or theory of mind) measures can arise from the use of divergent validity concepts. The construct validity model used in Wendt et al.'s (2024) empirical study contrasts with the perspective implicit in Conway and colleagues' commentary, which is more consistent with Lennon's (1956) content validity model. This is reflected in the authors' conception of the nature of what is to be measured (i.e., the measurand), the criterion for what makes a measure superior (i.e., validity), and the proposed methods for judging this (i.e., validation). The mismatch between the validity concepts adopted by the respective authors has three major implications: First, Conway and colleagues' critique does not fully address the specific goals, assumptions, and intricacies of construct validation methodology. Second, their approach to measuring mindreading should not be confused with, or considered as an alternative to, construct validation but is valuable in its own right. Third, the two validity frameworks mentioned offer unique opportunities for different phases of the research process. While a content validity approach can be valuable for describing an empirical phenomenon that seems worthy of explanation (e.g., real-world mindreading), a construct validity approach can identify the theoretical constructs that might help explain it (e.g., mindreading ability). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20770,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Assessment","volume":"37 3","pages":"133-136"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143414810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development and psychometric evaluation of the Psychological Closeness to Suicide Methods Scale.","authors":"Megan L Rogers, William D Murley, Kelly L Clary","doi":"10.1037/pas0001360","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pas0001360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psychological closeness to preferred suicide methods has consistently been linked to increased suicidal ideation, intent, and behaviors in past research. However, past work was limited by single-item measures. This study presents the development and validation of a multidimensional self-report measure of psychological closeness to preferred suicide methods. Samples of students (<i>n</i> = 489) and community-based adults (<i>n</i> = 278) with current suicidal ideation and/or a lifetime suicide attempt completed a series of self-report measures, including an item pool for the Psychological Closeness to Suicide Methods Scale. The Psychological Closeness to Suicide Methods Scale item pool was reduced from a pool of 54 items to 15 items, across four subscales, that are highly discriminant and of varying levels of difficulty. Measurement invariance was established across suicide attempt history, gender, and race/ethnicity, and convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity were examined. Distinct facets of psychological closeness were uniquely related to current suicidal ideation versus suicide attempt histories. Overall, these findings suggest that the Psychological Closeness to Suicide Methods Scale is a reliable, valid, and incrementally useful measure of multiple dimensions of psychological closeness to suicide methods. Clinical implications, limitations, and future research directions are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20770,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"71-84"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142932500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kelsey N Serier, Emma K Knutson, Dawne Vogt, Brian N Smith, Shannon Kehle-Forbes, Karen S Mitchell
{"title":"Examining the factor structure of the nine-item Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Screen in a national U.S. military veteran sample.","authors":"Kelsey N Serier, Emma K Knutson, Dawne Vogt, Brian N Smith, Shannon Kehle-Forbes, Karen S Mitchell","doi":"10.1037/pas0001362","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pas0001362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Disordered eating is a prevalent and relevant health concern that remains understudied among U.S. military veterans. Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is a newly recognized feeding and eating disorder characterized by overly restrictive eating due to (a) picky eating, (b) lack of appetite, and (c) fear of aversive consequences related to eating. The Nine-Item ARFID Screen (NIAS) is a recently developed ARFID screening tool with initial validation studies demonstrating psychometric support. However, the psychometric properties of the NIAS have not been investigated in a veteran sample. To advance our understanding of ARFID screening tools that may be appropriate for use in veterans, the present study examined the factor structure of the NIAS using survey data from a large national sample of recently separated veterans (<i>N</i> = 1,486). Measurement invariance across key subgroups was tested in addition to exploring differential associations between the NIAS and related constructs. Results suggested that a three-factor model provided an excellent fit of the data and demonstrated scalar invariance across self-identified men and women, race and ethnicity, and sexual and gender minority (SGM) identity. Some subgroups had higher latent means on the picky eating (women, SGM, non-Hispanic Black), appetite (women, SGM), and fear (women) factors. The NIAS had some overlap with another measure of disordered eating and was moderately correlated with psychosocial impairment and mental health. Overall, the NIAS may be a useful screening tool for ARFID in veterans, given support for the three proposed subscales and equivalence across diverse identities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20770,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"123-128"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12022919/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142819018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}