Psychological Services最新文献

{"title":"Selecting senior leaders in the public sector: Challenges and best practices.","authors":"Adam T Biggs, Todd R Seech, Dale W Russell","doi":"10.1037/ser0000800","DOIUrl":"10.1037/ser0000800","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although the careful assessment and selection of leaders are important for an organization to succeed, selecting senior leaders can prove paramount given their potential to impact the entire organization. While private sector businesses expend substantial resources to recruit and retain senior leaders, the public sector struggles to do so, which in turn impacts the attitudes and retention of employees throughout the enterprise. For example, a recent survey of federal employees in the United States found that most respondents did not believe their senior leaders generated high levels of motivation and commitment in the workforce. Enhancing the senior leader selection process thus represents a prime opportunity to enhance organizational success in the public sector. The current discussion reviews four core topics for senior leader selection: (a) determine organizational needs, (b) agree upon competencies for a senior leader, (c) leverage employees from all organizational tiers via a selection committee, and (d) examine ethical issues in selecting senior leaders. Each topic contains an overview of the relative challenge while drawing a contrast between senior and junior leadership positions, as well as comparisons between the public and private sectors. These challenges are presented alongside best practices that should produce a more effective selection process. Taken together, this combined evidence should enable organizational success by ensuring that the highest quality candidates are selected into senior leadership positions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20749,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Services","volume":" ","pages":"725-735"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10146067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brief trauma-informed care training to enhance health care providers' knowledge, comfort, and implementation of trauma-informed care in primary care clinics: A pilot effectiveness study.","authors":"Abigail Powers, Ryan A Langhinrichsen-Rohling, Stan C Sonu, Tamara Haynes, Emma C Lathan","doi":"10.1037/ser0000823","DOIUrl":"10.1037/ser0000823","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trauma-informed care (TIC) training may be valuable for patient-facing health care providers within primary care in urban health care settings serving patients with high levels of trauma exposure. This study tested the pilot effectiveness of a clinic-wide TIC initiative to enhance providers' knowledge, comfort in caring for trauma-exposed patients, and implementation of TIC within a primary care clinic of an urban safety net hospital using a single-arm longitudinal within-subjects design. Measures were obtained at baseline (T1), posttraining (T2), 1-month (T3), and 6-months (T4). Twenty-nine providers who completed TIC training were included in study analyses. Twenty-one completed T2 and 14 completed T3 and T4. Knowledge was measured with the <i>Providers' Knowledge Regarding Injury-Related Posttraumatic Stress,</i> comfort with a researcher-generated two-item measure, and TIC implementation with an eight-item binary scale from the <i>Trauma Provider Survey</i>. Repeated-measures general linear model examining within-subjects change over time in knowledge was significant (<i>n</i> = 8; <i>F</i>₃ = 4.74, <i>p</i> = .01, η_<i>p</i>² = .40); the model measuring change in <i>comfort</i> was not significant but trending (<i>n</i> = 9; <i>F</i>₃ = 4.56, <i>p</i> = .06). The model examining change in <i>TIC implementation</i> from T1 to T4 was not significant (n = 14; F3 = 4.32, p = .21). This pilot study demonstrated the preliminary effectiveness of a brief TIC training on improving health care provider knowledge and comfort working with trauma-exposed patients that sustained through 6-months posttraining. The findings indicate that additional support is needed to change behaviors in provider implementation of TIC in primary care clinic settings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20749,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Services","volume":" ","pages":"792-796"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11089069/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92156257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding veterans' experiences with lung cancer and psychological distress: A multimethod approach.","authors":"Katherine Ramos, Heather A King, Micaela N Gladney, Sandra L Woolson, Cynthia Coffman, Hayden B Bosworth, Laura S Porter, S Nicole Hastings","doi":"10.1037/ser0000839","DOIUrl":"10.1037/ser0000839","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psychological distress while coping with cancer is a highly prevalent and yet underrecognized and burdensome adverse effect of cancer diagnosis and treatment. Left unaddressed, psychological distress can further exacerbate poor mental health, negatively influence health management behaviors, and lead to a worsening quality of life. This multimethod study primarily focused on understanding veterans' psychological distress and personal experiences living with lung cancer (an underrepresented patient population). In a sample of 60 veterans diagnosed with either nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or small cell lung cancer (SCLC), we found that distress is common across clinical psychology measures of depression (37% [using the Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ-9 measure]), anxiety (35% [using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder, GAD-7 measure]), and cancer-related posttraumatic stress (13% [using the Posttraumatic Stress Symptom Checklist measure]). A total of 23% of the sample endorsed distress scores on two or more mental health screeners. Using a broader cancer-specific distress measure (National Comprehensive Cancer Network), 67% of our sample scored above the clinical cutoff (i.e., ≥ 3), and in the follow-up symptom checklist of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network measure, a majority endorsed feeling sadness (75%), worry (73%), and depression (60%). Qualitative analysis with a subset of 25 veterans highlighted that psychological distress is common, variable in nature, and quite bothersome. Future research should (a) identify veterans at risk for distress while living with lung cancer and (b) test supportive mental health interventions to target psychological distress among this vulnerable veteran population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20749,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Services","volume":" ","pages":"773-783"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11371941/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140022447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychologists aspiring to leadership positions in public sector health care.","authors":"Tiffanie S Wong, Jessica A Lohnberg, Stephanie J Wong, John R McQuaid, Jeanette Hsu, Steven Lovett","doi":"10.1037/ser0000892","DOIUrl":"10.1037/ser0000892","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psychologists are well-positioned to take on leadership roles in health care systems as a result of the broad-based skills included in doctoral level, professional training programs. These include knowledge of evidence-based practice, extensive training in applied research and clinical practice, emphasis on critical thinking in scientific methods and hypothesis testing, teaching, supervision, team consultation, and continuous learning (APA Presidential Task Force on Evidence-Based Practice, 2006; Korman, 1974; McFall, 2007). Formal opportunities to learn how to apply these skills in leadership and organizational management roles are, however, limited during graduate training. There have been recent efforts within the American Psychological Association to foster interest and readiness for leadership roles among psychologists. These efforts have included a leadership development fellowship, on-demand webinars, and online learning for continuing education (American Psychological Association, 2023). The content of these training opportunities is typically general in nature so that it can be applied to all types of organizational settings. Psychologists interested in leadership positions within public sector health care organizations are likely to benefit from information that aligns more specifically with the mission and organizational structures of such systems. This article presents a conceptual framework to prepare psychologists aspiring to leadership positions in public sector health care. Leadership theories and models from organizational management science are outlined which capture the context and organizational goals of such programs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20749,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Services","volume":" ","pages":"736-747"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142018397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recruitment tools for transgender and gender diverse veterans in health care research.","authors":"Rajinder Sonia Singh, Sara J Landes, Traci H Abraham, Pamela McFrederick, Michael R Kauth, Jillian C Shipherd, JoAnn E Kirchner","doi":"10.1037/ser0000841","DOIUrl":"10.1037/ser0000841","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) veterans in the Veterans Health Administration experience health and health care disparities, and research with this population is needed to improve gender-affirming care in Veterans Health Administration. However, TGD veterans may experience hesitancy to participate in research. We must address barriers to participation through feasible and acceptable methods. Opt-out letters are an effective tool used to recruit veterans in mental health research. The present study examined the feasibility and acceptability of opt-out letters modified for TGD veterans. Opt-out letters were sent to 54 potential TGD participants at three sites. The letters stated the research team would begin contacting veterans by phone in 2 weeks if they did not opt out of being contacted. Feasibility was measured through response rate. Acceptability was assessed through qualitative template analysis of interview data. Of the 54 potential participants, two opted out, three letters were undeliverable, and eight veterans called to opt in. Veterans reported that they found the letters to be clear and useful. The responses to the opt-out letters resulted in completing recruitment for two of the three sites. The research team then called the veterans who received the letter at the third site (three veterans) and recruited one additional veteran, for a total of nine TGD veterans. Opt-out letters may be a helpful tool to recruit TGD veterans to participate in research. Although these letters were designed to opt out, 89% of participants called the research team to opt in. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20749,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Services","volume":" ","pages":"908-915"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140022446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A qualitative study of special operations forces chaplaincy teams' relationship building for suicide prevention, intervention, and postvention.","authors":"Su Yeon Lee-Tauler, Joseph Grammer, Eric Ekman, Jessica LaCroix, Marjan Ghahramanlou-Holloway","doi":"10.1037/ser0000894","DOIUrl":"10.1037/ser0000894","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The U.S. special operations forces (SOF) contribute to a range of complex missions and experience high operational tempo, which may result in heightened professional and personal stressors. Those who are experiencing stressors may be reluctant to seek professional mental health services due to career concerns. The chaplaincy community is at the forefront of bearing and responding to the pain of others including those at risk for suicide. As a formative step to developing a tailored suicide prevention curriculum for the U.S. SOF religious support teams (RSTs), we sought to understand SOF RSTs' common strategies for suicide prevention, intervention, and postvention. We conducted confidential interviews with SOF RSTs via telephone and in person. We used an inductive thematic analysis to code a total of 57 transcripts. SOF RSTs prominently expressed that building relationships with SOF community members was foundational to their suicide prevention, intervention, and postvention practices: (a) Suicide prevention involved being available and cultivating a community of insiders who can provide resources as needed prior to crisis escalation; (b) Suicide intervention involved listening and responding to suicide risk and building autonomy for a suicidal SOF member to seek outside help; (c) Suicide postvention involved reaching out to suicide-loss survivors and grieving together through memorial services. The salient theme of building relationships points to opportunities to capitalize on RSTs' social connections and to enhance skills and resources for military suicide prevention, intervention, and postvention practices. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20749,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Services","volume":" ","pages":"797-810"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142073658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions of organizational culture among mental health providers at a Veterans Affairs hospital.","authors":"Jeffrey H Sieracki, Jonathan D Hessinger, Nadia Alvi, Lakshmi Athota, Joseph F Baldwin, Pavil T Cherian, Sarah A Hedrick, Trupti Patel, Stephanie L Cartolano, Morgan Woolley","doi":"10.1037/ser0000878","DOIUrl":"10.1037/ser0000878","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A mixed method approach was utilized to assess the organizational culture of the mental health service line at a large Veterans Affairs (VA) hospital. The goals of the study were to assess the organizational culture, identify how employees differ in perceptions of organizational culture, and identify areas of strength and challenges. Two hundred thirteen participants returned a questionnaire assessing perceptions of organizational culture using the Organizational Culture Assessment Questionnaire (Sashkin & Rosenbach, 2013). Additionally, 22 employees and seven service line leaders participated in five focus groups that assessed for perceptions of culture. Quantitative results suggest that employees had a generally average to high average opinion of the organizational culture of the mental health service line within their VA hospital. Subscale scores suggested that customer orientation was a particular strength of the organization. Relative areas of weakness were that staff felt many decisions were imposed from outside the service line and that hard-working clinical staff were not always sufficiently recognized or rewarded for their actions. In general, demographic variables were not significantly related toward respondent opinion of the organizational culture. Substantial overlap existed between the qualitative and quantitative results. This study suggests that, at this VA's mental health service line, customer service was a strength. However, increased recognition of employees and externally imposed decision-making needed improvement. Although interventions have been implemented in these areas, it would be useful to repeat aspects of this study over time and across different institutions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20749,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Services","volume":" ","pages":"871-879"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141971767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Informing implementation and dissemination of a specialized primary care medical home for patients with serious mental illness: Clinician and administrator perspectives.","authors":"Melissa Chinchilla, Jared M Greenberg, Stephanie Chassman, Rebecca S Oberman, Alicia A Bergman, Evelyn T Chang, Amy N Cohen, Alison B Hamilton, Sona Hovsepian, Sonya E Gabrielian, Alexander S Young","doi":"10.1037/ser0000848","DOIUrl":"10.1037/ser0000848","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>People with serious mental illness (SMI) have lower rates of use of preventative medical services and higher rates of mortality compared to the general population. Research shows that specialized primary care medical homes improve the health care of patients with SMI and are feasible to implement, safe, and more effective than usual care. However, specialized medical homes remain uncommon and model dissemination limited. As part of a controlled trial assessing an SMI-specialized medical home, we examined clinician and administrator perspectives regarding specialized versus mainstream primary care and identified ways to enhance the scale-up of a specialized primary care model for future dissemination. We conducted semistructured interviews with clinicians and administrators at three sites prior to the implementation of an SMI-specialized primary care medical home (<i>n</i> = 26) and at 1-year follow-up (<i>n</i> = 24); one site implemented the intervention, and two sites served as controls. Interviews captured service design features that affected the quality of care provided; contextual factors that supported or impeded medical home implementation; and knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding the care of patients with SMI. Interviews were transcribed and coded. Clinicians and administrators described SMI-specialized primary care medical homes as advancing care coordination and outcomes for patients with SMI. Stakeholders identified elements of a specialized medical home that they viewed as superior to usual care, including having a holistic picture of patients' needs and greater care coordination. However, to enable scale-up, efforts are needed to increase staffing on care teams, develop robust clinician onboarding or training, and ensure close coordination with mental health care providers. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20749,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Services","volume":" ","pages":"784-791"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11973991/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141081879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intentional leveraging of psychologist competencies: A case for expanding administrative leadership training opportunities in the Veterans Health Administration.","authors":"Cheryl Lowman, Brent Kenney","doi":"10.1037/ser0000814","DOIUrl":"10.1037/ser0000814","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article seeks to broaden the discussion of instituting training in administrative leadership at the doctoral internship and postdoctoral levels and offer guidance for programs interested in developing their own rotations. Following a brief review of literature pertinent to psychologist leadership development, this article describes the development of key competencies of leadership rotations aligned with the psychology profession-wide competencies within the Veterans Health Administration. In addition, the article disseminates a \"tool kit\" developed specifically to help add structure and support for the development of administrative leadership rotations at Veterans Health Administration (e.g., developmental opportunities, literature review, resources, etc.). Implementation of administrative leadership training are described in two community service settings, one at a Veterans Integrated Service Network and one at a VA Medical Center. The benefits of administrative leadership rotations to trainees, the organization, and the field of psychology are described. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20749,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Services","volume":" ","pages":"766-772"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139080877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment-related beliefs and reactions among trauma-focused therapy completers and discontinuers: A qualitative examination.","authors":"Elizabeth Alpert, Alexandra Gowdy-Jaehnig, Tara E Galovski, Laura A Meis, Melissa A Polusny, Princess E Ackland, Michele Spoont, Helen Valenstein-Mah, Robert J Orazem, Paula P Schnurr, Kathleen M Chard, Shannon M Kehle-Forbes","doi":"10.1037/ser0000831","DOIUrl":"10.1037/ser0000831","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prolonged exposure (PE) and cognitive processing therapy (CPT) for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are effective, but some patients do not respond adequately, and dropout rates are high. Patients' beliefs about treatment and perceptions of treatment components influence treatment outcomes and may be amenable to change through intervention. The present study sought to identify beliefs and reactions to PE and CPT that differentiated completers who screened negative for a PTSD diagnosis after treatment (PTSD-), completers who screened positive for a PTSD diagnosis after treatment (PTSD+), and discontinuers who attended six or fewer sessions. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes in qualitative data collected via retrospective semistructured interviews with 51 completers (19 PTSD- after treatment, 32 PTSD+ after treatment) and 66 discontinuers of PE/CPT. Participants were demographically diverse veterans across service eras. Treatment-related beliefs and reactions differentiating these groups included perceived helpfulness of treatment, self-efficacy in engaging in treatment, anticipatory anxiety and concerns, interpretations of ongoing symptoms, and perceived consequences of treatment on functioning. Further, some patterns seemed to differ in early treatment sessions compared to during the active components of treatment. Findings point to potentially malleable targets that could be intervened upon to improve trauma-focused treatment outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20749,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Services","volume":" ","pages":"859-870"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11215002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139080879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}