Protoplasma最新文献

{"title":"Nutritive tissue rich in reserves in the cell wall and protoplast: the case of Manihot esculenta (Euphorbiaceae) galls induced by Iatrophobia brasiliensis (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae).","authors":"Ana Paula de Souza, Denis Coelho de Oliveira, Valdnéa Casagrande Dalvi, Vinícius Coelho Kuster","doi":"10.1007/s00709-023-01912-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00709-023-01912-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The galls can offer shelter, protection, and an adequate diet for the gall-inducing organisms. Herein, we evaluated the structure of Manihot esculenta leaves and galls induced by Iatrophobia brasiliensis in order to identify metabolic and cell wall composition changes. We expected to find a complex gall with high primary metabolism in a typical nutritive tissue. Non-galled leaves and galls were subjected to anatomical, histochemical, and immunocytochemical analyses to evaluate the structural features, primary and secondary metabolites, and glycoproteins, pectins, and hemicelluloses in the cell wall. The gall is cylindric, with a uniseriate epidermis, a larval chamber, and a parenchymatic cortex divided into outer and inner compartments. The outer compartment has large cells with intercellular spaces and stocks starch and is designated as storage tissue. Reducing sugars, proteins, phenolic compounds, and alkaloids were detected in the protoplast of inner tissue cells of galls, named nutritive tissue, which presents five layers of compact small cells. Cell walls with esterified homogalacturonans (HGs) occurred in some cells of the galls indicating the continuous biosynthesis of HGs. For both non-galled leaves and galls, galactans and xyloglucans were broadly labeled on the cell walls, indicating a cell growth capacity and cell wall stiffness, respectively. The cell wall of the nutritive tissue had wide labeling for glycoproteins, HGs, heteroxylans, and xyloglucans, which can be used as source for the diet of the galling insect. Manihot esculenta galls have compartments specialized in the protection and feeding of the galling insect, structured by nutritive tissue rich in resource compounds, in the cell walls and protoplast.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138806315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The wheat pathogenesis-related protein (TdPR1.2) enhanced tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses in transgenic Arabidopsis plants","authors":"Ikram Zribi, Mouna Ghorbel, Olfa Jrad, Khaled Masmoudi, Faiçal Brini","doi":"10.1007/s00709-024-01955-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-024-01955-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In plants, the pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins have been identified as important regulators of biotic and abiotic stresses. PR proteins branch out into 19 different classes (PR1–PR19). Basically, all PR proteins display a well-established method of action, with the notable exception of PR1, which is a member of a large superfamily of proteins with a common CAP domain. We have previously isolated and characterized the first PR1 from durum wheat, called TdPR-1.2. In the current research work, TdPR1.2 gene was used to highlight its functional activities under various abiotic (sodium chloride (100 mM NaCl) and oxidative stresses (3 mM H₂O₂), hormonal salicylic acid (SA), abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA), and abiotic stresses (<i>Botrytis cinerea</i> and <i>Alternaria solani</i>). Enhancement survival index was detected in <i>Arabidopsis</i> transgenic plants expressing TdPR1.2 gene. Moreover, quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis demonstrated induction of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). It equally revealed a decrease of malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) levels in transgenic <i>Arabidopsis</i> plants compared to control lines, confirming the role of TdPR1.2 in terms of alleviating biotic and abiotic stresses in transgenic <i>Arabidopsis</i> plants. Eventually, RT-qPCR results showed a higher expression of biotic stress-related genes (PR1 and PDF1.2) in addition to a downregulation of the wound-related gene (LOX3 and VSP2) in transgenic lines treated with jasmonic acid (JA). Notably, these findings provide evidence for the outstanding functions of PR1.2 from durum wheat which can be further invested to boost tolerance in crop plants to abiotic and biotic stresses.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140828040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracellular vesicles isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana leaves reveal characteristics of mammalian exosomes","authors":"Sharjeel Jokhio, Ian Peng, Ching-An Peng","doi":"10.1007/s00709-024-01954-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-024-01954-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), containing a myriad of bioactive proteins, microRNAs, lipids, and secondary metabolites, have recently become the focus of rising interest due to their important roles in various applications. The widely accepted method for isolating plant EVs is differential ultracentrifugation plus density gradient centrifugation. However, the combination of differential ultracentrifugation and density gradient centrifugation for the isolation of plant EVs is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Hence, there is a need for more efficient methods to perform the separation of plant EVs. In this study, EVs were separated from <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> leaves by a cost-effective polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based precipitation approach. The mean size of purified <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> EVs determined by dynamic light scattering was 266 nm, which is consistent with nanoparticle tracking analysis. The size was also confirmed via transmission electron microscopy with morphology of a cup-shaped appearance which is the typical mammalian exosome’s morphology. Additionally, Western blotting of the purified <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> EVs, using commercially available mammalian exosomal kits, displayed surface marker tetraspanin proteins (CD9, CD63, and CD81), and endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT)-associated proteins (TSG101 and ALIX). This demonstrates that the purified <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> EVs reveal the typical proteins reported in mammalian exosomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140809330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taxonomic implications of normal and abnormal stomatal complexes in Indigofera L. (Indigofereae, Faboideae, Fabaceae)","authors":"Mohamed O. Badry, Ahmed K. Osman, Mostafa Aboulela, Shereen Gafar, Iman H. Nour","doi":"10.1007/s00709-024-01951-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-024-01951-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study is the first to report the foliar and stem epidermal micro-morphology of 13 taxa of <i>Indigofera</i> L. (Fabaceae) using light (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The micro-morphological characteristics studied here are related to the epidermal cell shape, size, frequency, anticlinal wall pattern, and stomatal complex types, size, position, frequency, and index. The study revealed 19 major normal stomatal types with eight subtypes and seven major abnormal stomatal types with 13 subtypes. The stomatal index was lower on the abaxial leaf surface than on the adaxial surface. Notably, the adaxial surface of <i>I. hochstetteri</i> had the highest stomatal index (27.46%), while the abaxial surface of <i>I. oblongifolia</i> had the lowest (9.95%). The adaxial surface of <i>I. hochstetteri</i> also displayed the highest average stomatal frequency (38.67), while the adaxial surface of <i>I. spinosa</i> had the lowest average frequency (9.37). SEM analysis revealed that most leaves had slightly sunken to sunken stomata, while stem stomata were positioned at the same level as epidermal cells in most taxa. Indigofera's foliar and stem epidermal anatomy recommends their application as baseline data coupled with other taxonomic data for the delimitation and differentiation of closely related taxa in the genus. The study provides a comprehensive description, illustrations, images, and micrographs of the stomatal types, as well as a taxonomic key for distinguishing the studied taxa of <i>Indigofera</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140629851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Waterlogging resistance and evaluation of physiological mechanism of three peach (Prunus persica) rootstocks","authors":"Binbin Zhang, Maoxiang Sun, Wenxin Liu, Min Lian, Sankui Yang, Futian Peng, Yuansong Xiao","doi":"10.1007/s00709-024-01949-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-024-01949-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140601500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Involvement of ROS and calcium ions in developing heat resistance and inducing antioxidant system of wheat seedlings under melatonin’s effects","authors":"Yuriy E. Kolupaev, Dmytro A. Taraban, Yuriy V. Karpets, Alexander I. Kokorev, Tetiana O. Yastreb, Yaroslav B. Blume, Alla I. Yemets","doi":"10.1007/s00709-024-01952-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-024-01952-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The stress-protective effect of melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) on plant cells is mediated by key signaling mediators, in particular calcium ions and reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the links between changes in calcium and redox homeostasis and the formation of adaptive responses of cultivated cereals (including wheat) to the action of high temperatures have not yet been studied. In the present study, we investigated the possible involvement of ROS and calcium ions as signaling mediators in developing heat resistance in wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) seedlings and activating their antioxidant system. Treatment of 3-day-old etiolated seedlings with melatonin solutions at concentrations 0.01–10 µM increased their survival after exposure to 45 °C for 10 min. The most significant stress-protective effect was exerted by melatonin treatment at 1 µM concentration. Under the influence of melatonin, a transient enhancement of superoxide anion radical (O₂^•–) generation and an increase in hydrogen peroxide content were observed in roots, with a maximum at 1 h. Four hours after treatment with melatonin, the activity of catalase and guaiacol peroxidase increased in roots, while the activity of superoxide dismutase did not change significantly. After exposure to 45 °C, the activity of catalase and guaiacol peroxidase was higher in the roots of melatonin-treated wheat seedlings, and the indices of ROS generation, content of the lipid peroxidation product malonic dialdehyde, and cell membrane damage were lower than in control seedlings. Melatonin-induced changes in root ROS generation and antioxidant enzyme activities were eliminated by pretreatment with the hydrogen peroxide scavenger dimethylthiourea (DMTU), NADPH oxidase inhibitor imidazole, and calcium antagonists (the extracellular calcium chelator EGTA and phospholipase C inhibitor neomycin). Treatment with DMTU, imidazole, EGTA, and neomycin also abolished the melatonin-induced increase in survival of wheat seedlings after heat stress. The role of calcium ions and ROS, generated with the participation of NADPH oxidase, as signaling mediators in the melatonin-induced antioxidant system and heat stress resistance of wheat seedlings have been demonstrated.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140601087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kaolinite nanoclay-shielded dsRNA drenching for management of Globodera pallida: An environmentally friendly pest management approach","authors":"Aarti Bairwa, Bhawna Dipta, Sundaresha Siddappa, Baljeet Singh, Neha Sharma, Kailash C. Naga, Priyank H. Mhatre, Sanjeev Sharma, E. P. Venkatasalam, Brajesh Singh","doi":"10.1007/s00709-024-01950-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-024-01950-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Globodera pallida</i>, an obligate sedentary endoparasite, is a major economic pest that causes substantial potato yield losses. This research aimed to study the effects of gene silencing of three FMRFamide-like peptides (FLPs) genes to reduce <i>G</i>. <i>pallida</i> infestation on potato plants by using kaolinite nanoclay as a carrier to deliver dsRNAs via drenching. A dsRNA dosage of 2.0 mg/ml silenced <i>flp-32c</i> by 89.5%, <i>flp-32p</i> by 94.6%, and <i>flp-2</i> by 94.3%. J2s incubated for 5 and 10 h showed no phenotypic changes. However, J2s of <i>G</i>. <i>pallida</i> efficiently uptake dsRNA of all targeted genes after 15 h of incubation. On the other hand, J2s that had been kept for 24 h had a rigid and straight appearance. Under fluorescence microscopy, all dsRNA-treated nematodes showed fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) signals in the mouth, nervous system, and digestive system. The untreated population of J2s did not show any FITC signals and was mobile as usual. The drenching of potato cultivar Kufri Jyoti with the dsRNA-kaolinite formulations induced deformation and premature death of J2s, compared with untreated J2s that entered J3 or J4 stages. This study validates that the nanocarrier-delivered RNAi system could be employed effectively to manage <i>G. pallida</i> infestations.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140601086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taming the fire—transcription factors for redox control in animals and plants","authors":"Peter Nick","doi":"10.1007/s00709-024-01948-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-024-01948-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140733858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micromorphology and silicon of the leaf epidermis in the psammophyte Alyssum desertorum are sensitive to soil flooding","authors":"Olena Nedukha","doi":"10.1007/s00709-024-01940-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-024-01940-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The ultrastructure of the leaf epidermis and the localization and content of silicon in epidermal cells of the psammophyte <i>Alyssum desertorum</i> Stapf (<i>Brassicaceae</i>) were investigated using electron microscopy and laser confocal microscopy. The study aimed to examine the effect of flooding on the epidermal structure of the leaves, study the presence, localization, and content of silicon in the epidermal cells and determine whether changes in soil moisture affect the silicon content in the leaf epidermis. Silicon inclusions were observed in trichomes and typical epidermal cells on both leaf surfaces, with varying content depending on the cell type, leaf surface, and conditions growth. Soil flooding was found to influence the leaf epidermis ultrastructure and the silicon content in the epidermal cells of <i>A. desertorum.</i> Trichomes and pavement cells were identified as the main accumulators of silicon inclusions and wax-like structures. These findings suggest that changes in leaf microstructure and silicon content contribute to the normal functioning of psammophyte plants and can be considered signs of plant phenotypic plasticity and adaptive markers depending on water supply conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140313475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative immunohistochemical analysis suggests a conserved role of EPS8L1 in epidermal and hair follicle barriers of mammals.","authors":"Lorenzo Alibardi, Marta Surbek, Leopold Eckhart","doi":"10.1007/s00709-023-01898-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00709-023-01898-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mammalian skin and its appendages depend on tightly coordinated differentiation of epithelial cells. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway substrate 8 (EPS8) like 1 (EPS8L1) is enriched in the epidermis among human tissues and has also been detected in the epidermis of lizards. Here, we show by the analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing data that EPS8L1 mRNA is co-expressed with filaggrin and loricrin in terminally differentiated human epidermal keratinocytes. Comparative genomics indicated that EPS8L1 is conserved in all main clades of mammals, whereas the orthologous gene has been lost in birds. Using a polyclonal antibody against EPS8L1, we performed an immunohistochemical screening of skin from diverse mammalian species and immuno-electron microscopy of human skin. EPS8L1 was detected predominantly in the granular layer of the epidermis in monotremes, marsupial, and placental mammals. The labeling was partly associated with cell membranes, and it was evident along the perimeter of keratinocytes at the transition with the cornified layer of the epidermis, similar to involucrin distribution. Basal, spinous, and the fully mature cornified layers lacked immunolabeling of EPS8L1. In addition to the epidermis, the hair follicle inner root sheath (IRS) was immunolabeled. Both epidermal granular layer and IRS contribute to the barrier function of the skin, suggesting that EPS8L1 is involved in the regulation of these barriers.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54230756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}