Psychiatrische Praxis最新文献

{"title":"Bericht aus dem Arbeitskreis Psychiatrische Institutsambulanzen (AK PIA), Gemeinsame Arbeitsgruppe von BDK und ACKPA","authors":"","doi":"10.1055/a-2161-4590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2161-4590","url":null,"abstract":"Nachdem die Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreises Anfang 2022 pandemiebedingt noch ausfallen musste, konnten ab der zweiten Jahreshälfte wieder Präsenzveranstaltungen organisiert und durchgeführt werden.","PeriodicalId":20711,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatrische Praxis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135662920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Schutzgeist","authors":"","doi":"10.1055/a-1227-0439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1227-0439","url":null,"abstract":"… Die Capitale 1990…düster, traurig, einsam, grün durchsetzt.","PeriodicalId":20711,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatrische Praxis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135663431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Die Perspektive der Erfahrung – Reflexionen aus jahrzehntelanger therapeutischer Tätigkeit","authors":"","doi":"10.1055/a-2161-1585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2161-1585","url":null,"abstract":"Kurz nacheinander erschienen verbindet die drei unterschiedlichen Bücher das Anliegen, die jahrzehntelangen Erfahrungen ihrer Autoren weiterzureichen. Als zweites verbindet sie ihre verständliche Sprache und ihre überschaubare Länge. Allen dreien geht es somit nicht um hochwissenschaftliche Aussagen, quasi auf dem Olymp der Erfahrung, sondern um das Bemühen, die grundlegenden Dinge – Gegebenheiten, Fragen und Herausforderungen zu skizzieren.","PeriodicalId":20711,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatrische Praxis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135661184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Autism Spectrum Disorders in Adulthood: Empirical Findings on Comorbidities, Differential Diagnoses, and the Clinical Utility of the AQ].","authors":"Tanja Sappok,&nbsp;Mareike Bayer,&nbsp;Daria Tarasova,&nbsp;Heika Kaiser,&nbsp;Thomas Bergmann","doi":"10.1055/a-2044-8540","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2044-8540","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>AUTISM: spectrum disorders (ASD) often remain undiagnosed until adulthood. The aim of this study is to report differential diagnoses (DDX) and comorbidities of adults without intellectual impairment suspected of having an ASD and to test the self-assessment questionnaire Autism Quotient (AQ) for its suitability for screening.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>DDX and comorbidities were recorded with standardized scales in an autism outpatient clinic in 106 individuals. The AQ was tested against the expert judgment of an interdisciplinary case conference using ROC analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Affective disorders were common in both groups (48%); other DDX were phobias (33%) and personality disorders (22%). The AQ showed an AUC of 0,527 with sensitivity/specificity of 70%/35%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adults suspected of having autism are highly burdened by DDX and comorbidities. An interdisciplinary diagnostic procedure based on standardized scales is useful, whereas the AQ hardly differentiates between persons with and without ASD.</p>","PeriodicalId":20711,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatrische Praxis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9431833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Return-to-Work - The Transition after Psychiatric Inpatient Treatment].","authors":"Daniela Blank,&nbsp;Anne Lang,&nbsp;Adele Brucks,&nbsp;Lina Riedl,&nbsp;Peter Brieger,&nbsp;Johannes Hamann","doi":"10.1055/a-2070-7451","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2070-7451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Workers on sick-leave due to a mental illness have enormous problems to return to work. The main objective of the present study is to examine, how individuals experience the transition from the mental health system to their workplace.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A qualitative research design guided by a grounded theory approach was used. Narrative interviews with ten workers on sick leave and four semi-structured interviews with return-to-work-experts were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Relevant for returning to work is the interplay between the involved persons. Essential is the interpretation of the transition and as a result, which calls for action are made to the participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Clinical interventions for returning to work should focus the support on the expectations of the participants and stimulate a common interpretation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20711,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatrische Praxis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9431832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[A Transtheoretical Model and Treatment of Dissociative Identity Disorder: A Case Report].","authors":"Leonhard Kratzer,&nbsp;Peter Heinz,&nbsp;Christine Eckenberger,&nbsp;Johanna Schröder","doi":"10.1055/a-2092-0940","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2092-0940","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dissociative identity disorder is the most severe of the dissociative disorders and neither the trauma model nor the sociocognitive model provide a satisfactory account of its complexity. Transtheoretical models propose an interaction of traumatic experiences as well as cultural, cognitive, and social factors in the development of the disorder. This perspective has important implications for the treatment which should encompass a reprocessing of traumatic memories, emotional regulation skills, and a modification of dysfunctional beliefs about memory. An elaboration of dissociative identities should be prevented. A corresponding inpatient treatment approach is described.</p>","PeriodicalId":20711,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatrische Praxis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9823296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[A virus and its consequences: COVID-19 and Long Covid - A hybrid disease model].","authors":"Dirk Richter, Anastasia Theodoridou","doi":"10.1055/a-2168-4553","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2168-4553","url":null,"abstract":"Long Covid/Post Covid (LC/PC) ist seit Beginn der Covid-19-Pandemie eine Krankheit, die anhaltend zu zahlreichen Diskussionen Anlass gibt [1]. Obwohl mehr oder weniger identische Symptome auch schon bei früheren Epidemien in einem ähnlichen Umfang aufgetreten sind [2], bezweifelten viele klinisch Tätige und politisch Verantwortliche anfänglich die Existenz von LC/PC. Zeitgleich wurden jedoch auch die Gegenpositionen durch Betroffeneninitiativen und durch sie angeregte Forschungsprojekte kommuniziert [3]. Heute, mehr als drei Jahre nach dem Bekanntwerden der SARS-Cov-2-Problematik, leiden zahlreiche Menschen an den Folgen der Infektion. Fehlende Biomarker stellen jedoch weiterhin eine Herausforderung für das Erkennen und den Umgang mit dem potentiellen Multisystembefall dar. Aktuelle Übersichtsarbeiten liefern Evidenzen für die Problematik, die mit LC/PC einhergeht und den daraus ableitbaren Handlungsbedarf [4]. Das zentrale Nervensystem betreffend werden häufig Gedächtnisund Exekutivfunktionsstörungen, Depressionen, Angstzustände und Unwohlsein nach Anstrengung geschildert. Dominierende Merkmale sind häufig postexertionelle Malaise (Belastungsintoleranz), Fatigue, ‚Brain Fog‘ (neurokognitive Beeinträchtigungen), Schwindel sowie gastrointestinale Symptome [5]. Gemäß neueren epidemiologischen Daten aus der Schweiz leiden 17 Prozent der im Jahr 2020 infizierten Personen noch zwei Jahre später unter LC/PC-Symptomen [6]. Damit einher geht eine hohe Rate von Arbeitsunfähigkeiten und eine teils erheblich verminderte Arbeitsfähigkeit [7]. In jüngerer Zeit hingegen dreht sich die Diskussion um die Frage, ob und inwieweit psychologische Mechanismen und vorgängige psychische Probleme für das Leiden der Betroffenen (mit)verantwortlich sind [8]. Von Betroffeneninitiativen und vereinzelt von Forschenden werden ausschließlich die biologischen Ursachen für die LC/PC-Symptome angenommen. Aktuell werden interessanterweise sowohl rein biologische Mechanismen für kognitive und affektive Probleme verantwortlich gemacht [9] wie auch die psychosomatische Sichtweise erneut favorisiert [10]. Bis heute bleibt LC/PC daher aus wissenschaftlicher Sicht eine ‚moderne medizinische Herausforderung‘ wie es ein schon ein im Jahr 2021 erschienenes Editorial im Lancet formuliert hat [11]. Die Herausforderung besteht aus mehreren miteinander verbundenen Themen, insbesondere der Heterogenität der Phänotypen, der Vielzahl potentieller pathophysiologischer Mechanismen und der anhaltenden Suche nach spezifischen Behandlungsund Rehabilitationsprogrammen. Eine zentrale Schwierigkeit ist das Fehlen eines Modells, das in der Lage ist, sowohl die Vielfalt der pathophysiologischen Mechanismen als auch die Leidenserfahrung von Betroffenen zu integrieren, ohne Ein Virus und seine Folgen: COVID-19 und Long Covid – ein hybrides Krankheitsmodell A virus and its consequences: COVID-19 and Long Covid – A hybrid disease model","PeriodicalId":20711,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatrische Praxis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41210691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Understanding Change Helps Conceptualise Current Action: History of Mental Health Reform in Great Britain and Italy].","authors":"Thomas Becker,&nbsp;Georg Schomerus,&nbsp;Sven Speerforck","doi":"10.1055/a-1969-9670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1969-9670","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mental health reform processes in Great Britain and Italy have been discussed. Recent publications permit a comparative reflection. In England, the reform started earlier and ran continuously, with its focus changing from deinstitutionalisation and community care to (also) user involvement, managerialism, evidence-based medicine, guidelines and budget cuts. Government policies can be identified. In Italy, the reform process started later and was more disruptive. It was influenced by Basaglia und the political-historical context. The reform process has been continuous, deficits are discussed, it has stood the test of time. Similarities and differences (GB vs I) are highlighted, a social history framework is proposed to understand mental health reform processes as one aspect of societal development. This research process could help identify and shape alliances for further reforms of mental health care.</p>","PeriodicalId":20711,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatrische Praxis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10218739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Gender Differences in Autism Diagnostics].","authors":"Alina Breddemann,&nbsp;Leonhard Schilbach,&nbsp;Eva Kunerl,&nbsp;Markus Witzmann,&nbsp;Tobias Schuwerk","doi":"10.1055/a-2043-9812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2043-9812","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autism spectrum condition (ASC) is predominantly diagnosed in boys and men. There is evidence that this is also because girls and women with ASC don't receive a diagnosis, or, if they do, only later in life. This study investigates gender differences in diagnosis, support needs, mental health, and life satisfaction among individuals with autism spectrum condition (ASC) in Germany. Data of an online questionnaire study with 659 persons with ASC from 3-67 years of age living in Bavaria, Germany, were analyzed (215 thereof were female). It was found that women with ASC are diagnosed 7-11 years later than men and are more likely to receive at least one misdiagnosis. They are more likely than men to have unmet educational support needs and comorbid internalizing psychiatric disorders. The results of this study point towards a strong gender bias in clinical diagnosis of ASC in Germany and need for improvements in the case of women.</p>","PeriodicalId":20711,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatrische Praxis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10567211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Comparison of Self-Reported Childhood Maltreatment Between East and West Germany].","authors":"Carsten Spitzer,&nbsp;Laura Lübke,&nbsp;Sascha Müller,&nbsp;Stefanie Knorr,&nbsp;Eva Flemming","doi":"10.1055/a-2042-2289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2042-2289","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The socioecological model emphasize the relevance of political, cultural and economic socialization effects for the prevalence of childhood maltreatment, which are analyzed by comparing child maltreatment between East and West German subjects who came of age before the fall of the Berlin Wall.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using an online survey, a representative general population sample with respect to age, gender distribution and income was assessed regarding child maltreatment and current psychological distress using standardized self-report instruments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 507 study participants, 22,5% reported being born and socialized in East Germany. They reported significantly less emotional abuse than the 77,5% who grew up in the FRG. The East and West German subjects did not differ in any other form of abuse.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings underline the importance of socialization and enculturation effects on memory, which should be considered when interpreting the results.</p>","PeriodicalId":20711,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatrische Praxis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10567212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}