Process Safety Progress最新文献_第7页

Omission of important concepts in two articles on laboratory safety in PSP, Vol. 42, No. 4 December 2023 PSP》中两篇关于实验室安全的文章遗漏了重要概念，第 42 卷第 4 期 2023 年 12 月

IF 1 4区工程技术

Process Safety Progress Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.1002/prs.12583

R. Prugh

引用次数: 0

Kinetics for the sulfuric acid-catalyzed reactions of ethylene oxide with water and ethylene glycols 硫酸催化环氧乙烷与水和乙二醇的反应动力学

IF 1 4区工程技术

Process Safety Progress Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.1002/prs.12557

Marc E. Levin, Justin Mitschke, Sheehan Smith, Peter I. Chipman, S. K. Singh, Robert Lenahan, Timothy S. Frederick, Bill Gulledge

{"title":"Kinetics for the sulfuric acid-catalyzed reactions of ethylene oxide with water and ethylene glycols","authors":"Marc E. Levin, Justin Mitschke, Sheehan Smith, Peter I. Chipman, S. K. Singh, Robert Lenahan, Timothy S. Frederick, Bill Gulledge","doi":"10.1002/prs.12557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12557","url":null,"abstract":"Adiabatic calorimeter experiments have quantified the sulfuric acid-catalyzed reaction of ethylene oxide (EO) with water to form ethylene glycol (EG) and higher glycols. Conditions were selected relevant to industrial safety, such as a scenario of reverse flow of acid from a scrubber to an EO tank. Concentrations of 25–95 wt% EO with acidified water of pH 3.0 down to pH –0.7 were examined. In some experiments, EG was also added to the mix. The best fit apparent reaction rate expression exhibits a 1.5 order in EO concentration, third order in water concentration, nearly first order in acid concentration, and an activation energy of 76,500 kJ/kmol. The reaction model provides an adequate fit of adiabatic self-heat rate versus temperature, pressure rate versus temperature, pressure versus time, and temperature versus time data for a large number of APTAC (Automatic Pressure Tracking Adiabatic Calorimeter) experiments. The model builds on one previously developed for the neutral reactions of EO with water and EGs. A case study involving a sulfuric acid-contaminated EO railcar is presented. The reaction model can help quantify the behavior of EO contaminated with sulfuric acid solution below about 120°C. Above this temperature, other reaction pathways not characterized in this study become more prominent.","PeriodicalId":20680,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139415625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Consequences analysis of a natural gas pipeline: The case of the trans-Anatolian natural gas pipeline 天然气管道的后果分析：跨安纳托利亚天然气管道案例

IF 1 4区工程技术

Process Safety Progress Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.1002/prs.12574

Saliha Cetinyokus, Duran Dinc, Sila Ata

{"title":"Consequences analysis of a natural gas pipeline: The case of the trans-Anatolian natural gas pipeline","authors":"Saliha Cetinyokus, Duran Dinc, Sila Ata","doi":"10.1002/prs.12574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12574","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial accidents include fire, explosion, and toxic substance spread involving hazardous substances. They threaten the health of many people, cause permanent or long-term pollution of the natural environment, cause a high degree of property damage, and require a large-scale emergency response. Pipelines that transfer hazardous chemicals over a large area are risky for industrial accidents. In this study, we aimed to analyze the consequences of a possible industrial accident at the Edirne Ipsala compressor station in the trans-Anatolian natural gas pipeline (TANAP). Analyses were carried out with the ALOHA software on two hypothetical scenarios: In Scenario 1, the chemical escapes from the pipe without the gas burning; and in Scenario 2, the chemical escapes from the pipe with the gas burning (jet fire). In the analysis of overpressure effects, TNT EM and TNO MEM were used besides the software. The largest effect distance (≈5000 m) was determined in the flammable area as a result of Scenario 1, and the prominent hazard property of the chemical was supported. The overpressure effects obtained with TNO MEM and the software were compatible with each other, but the values obtained with TNT EM were less severe and quite different. In the analysis of overpressure effects, it is shown that the ALOHA software provided more conservative results and that buildings would collapse and lethal effects might occur at a distance of 1000 m from the source. ALOHA produced outputs integrated with GIS by providing thermal radiation and toxic effect threat zones as well as overpressure effects. ALOHA turns out to be a more convenient and practical tool for risk assessment studies and emergency plans.","PeriodicalId":20680,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139414089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Grid-based assessment of hydrogen leakages for an offshore process to improve the design and human performance 基于网格的近海工艺氢泄漏评估，以改进设计和人的表现

IF 1 4区工程技术

Process Safety Progress Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.1002/prs.12567

Asher Ahmed Malik, Risza Rusli, Salman Nazir, Rizal Harris Wong, Ushtar Arshad

{"title":"Grid-based assessment of hydrogen leakages for an offshore process to improve the design and human performance","authors":"Asher Ahmed Malik, Risza Rusli, Salman Nazir, Rizal Harris Wong, Ushtar Arshad","doi":"10.1002/prs.12567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12567","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen is gaining global recognition as a sustainable energy source, but its combustible nature raises concerns, especially in congested offshore settings. Steam methane reforming (SMR) remains the predominant hydrogen production method; however, offshore SMR facilities exposed to harsh weather could potentially compromise safety because of leakages. This study uses the fire dynamics simulator (FDS) to carry out the first-of-its-kind CFD modeling of hydrogen leakage and its wind-influenced dispersion on an offshore SMR platform. It also provides the spatial risk that accounts for the probabilities of human errors and wind speeds. The study uses a grid-based approach with 120 monitor points (MPs) to measure locally dispersed gas concentration. At 2 m/s wind speed, only nine grids contain explosive concentrations while the rest remain safe. At 5 m/s, the flammable zones increase by 133%, affecting 21 grids. Extreme wind speeds of 12.5 m/s have limited impact, but SMR1 exhibits higher stoichiometric concentrations. MPs 43–48 record flammable concentrations at all wind speeds; however, at 12.5 m/s the explosion risk is well below the threshold of 1 × 10<sup>−4</sup> due to the low wind occurrence probability. Overall, this research contributes to addressing the safety concerns associated with hydrogen in offshore settings and provides a foundation for future risk assessments.","PeriodicalId":20680,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139415555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Digital twin technology and ergonomics for comprehensive improvement of safety in the petrochemical industry 数字孪生技术和人体工程学全面提升石化行业的安全性

IF 1 4区工程技术

Process Safety Progress Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.1002/prs.12575

Jinyang Jia, Xuetao Wang, Yang Xu, Zehua Song, Zimeng Zhang, Jiaqi Wu, Ziyu Liu

引用次数: 0

Analysis of the progress of chemical process safety management in China 中国化工工艺安全管理进展分析

IF 1 4区工程技术

Process Safety Progress Pub Date : 2024-01-05 DOI: 10.1002/prs.12580

Jiling Zhou, Xin Wang

引用次数: 0

Adaptive thresholds-based leak detection using real-time transient modeling of two-phase flows 利用两相流实时瞬态建模进行基于阈值的自适应泄漏检测

IF 1 4区工程技术

Process Safety Progress Pub Date : 2024-01-03 DOI: 10.1002/prs.12572

Seshu Kumar Vandrangi, Tamiru Alemu Lemma, Syed Muhammad Mujtaba

{"title":"Adaptive thresholds-based leak detection using real-time transient modeling of two-phase flows","authors":"Seshu Kumar Vandrangi, Tamiru Alemu Lemma, Syed Muhammad Mujtaba","doi":"10.1002/prs.12572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12572","url":null,"abstract":"Pipelines are widely regarded as the most cost-effective mode of transportation for oil and gas, particularly when it comes to covering long distances. Regrettably, pipelines are not impervious to accidents, which can result in colossal material damage and fatalities. As the demand for oil and gas rises, so does the need for pipelines. Therefore, issues in pipeline malfunctions cannot be overlooked. Leakage and blockage are the two main faults in pipelines that lead to pipeline incidents if not addressed timely. Detecting pipeline leaks is a major hurdle for industry, and various techniques have been developed to tackle this. This article focuses on the modeling of leakage detection in pipelines in two-phase transient flows. Initially, OLGA, a multiphase software, is used for simulating the transient flows in a black oil case study. A leak was induced after 30 min of the simulation and leak cases were designed with varying parameters. Using the simulated data of mass flow rate, and pressure at the inlets and outlets, the model will be identified. The adaptive thresholds-based model was able to predict the leaks accurately. The performance of the leak detection model was analyzed. The model was able to detect leaks of 2%–10% sizes successfully.","PeriodicalId":20680,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139092448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Risk identification of integral pressurized water reactor (IPWR) cooling system using a combination HAZOP, FMEA, and FTA methods 采用 HAZOP、FMEA 和 FTA 组合方法识别整体式压水反应堆（IPWR）冷却系统的风险

IF 1 4区工程技术

Process Safety Progress Pub Date : 2024-01-03 DOI: 10.1002/prs.12570

Deswandri Deswandri, Sudarno Sudarno, Ratih Luhuring Tyas, Anggraini Ratih Kumaraningrum, Restu Maerani, Ibnu Maulana Hidayatullah, Muhamad Sahlan, Azmi Mohd Shariff, Heri Hermansyah

{"title":"Risk identification of integral pressurized water reactor (IPWR) cooling system using a combination HAZOP, FMEA, and FTA methods","authors":"Deswandri Deswandri, Sudarno Sudarno, Ratih Luhuring Tyas, Anggraini Ratih Kumaraningrum, Restu Maerani, Ibnu Maulana Hidayatullah, Muhamad Sahlan, Azmi Mohd Shariff, Heri Hermansyah","doi":"10.1002/prs.12570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12570","url":null,"abstract":"Integral Pressurized Water Reactor (IPWR) is gaining attention for use in Indonesia due to lower initial capital investment, sitting flexibility, and high level of inherent safety. IPWR relies heavily on passive cooling systems that have many advantages but lacks operational experience because no one operates commercially. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out a risk analysis related to passive cooling system failures that may occur during operation. Even if conventional risk analysis methods are applied singularly, the results still have shortcomings. This study aims to integrate the use of the Hazard and Operability Analysis (HAZOP), Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), and Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) methods to identify risks in the IPWR primary cooling system during normal operation. HAZOP was used to identify hazards, FTA analyzed the root causes of the critical problems, and the basic event's FMEA was developed for risk ranking and mitigation measures. This combined methodology makes risk assessment more systematic and comprehensive because it manages entity-wide risk. The results offer valuable insights for stakeholders involved in decision-making regarding the development of nuclear power plants (NPPs) in Indonesia.","PeriodicalId":20680,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139092492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of high temperature during tensile test for stainless steel using acoustic emission 利用声发射进行不锈钢拉伸试验时高温的影响

IF 1 4区工程技术

Process Safety Progress Pub Date : 2023-12-29 DOI: 10.1002/prs.12576

Mazian Mohammad, Abdul Rahim Othman, Mohd Faisal Ismail

{"title":"Influence of high temperature during tensile test for stainless steel using acoustic emission","authors":"Mazian Mohammad, Abdul Rahim Othman, Mohd Faisal Ismail","doi":"10.1002/prs.12576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12576","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the application of acoustic emission (AE) monitoring in mechanical and materials studies, specifically focusing on the detection of plastic deformation, fracture, and crack growth. However, the influence of high temperature on AE signals and its effects on mechanical properties are not fully understood due to the limitations of sensors in high-temperature environments. To address this gap, the study investigates the impact of high temperatures on the mechanical properties of stainless steel SS304 using AE techniques during tensile testing. Two temperature conditions were tested: 600 and 700°C. AE sensors connected to specimens captured AE activity using a designated waveguide, and a Continuous Creep Monitoring Instrument (CCMi) recorded the responses. Sensitivity testing using the pencil-lead break (PLB) technique ensured the sensor's capability. The proposed frequency-based analysis method, fast Fourier transform amplitude (FFTA) analysis, was employed to effectively analyze the AE signals. The results revealed significant AE features and frequency distributions associated with elastic deformation, plastic deformation, and fracture regions. These findings establish a foundation for utilizing AE techniques in crack detection and monitoring under high-temperature loading, contributing to equipment reliability and structural integrity.","PeriodicalId":20680,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139063128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Collection and analysis of hydrocarbon gas buried onshore pipeline accidents in Indonesia as the databases for failure frequency assessment in a quantitative risk analysis 收集和分析印度尼西亚碳氢化合物天然气埋地陆上管道事故，作为定量风险分析中故障频率评估的数据库

IF 1 4区工程技术

Process Safety Progress Pub Date : 2023-12-28 DOI: 10.1002/prs.12577

Darmawan Ahmad Mukharror, Ibnu Maulana, Muhammad Yusuf, Hary Devianto, Andy Noorsaman Sommeng, Sutrasno Kartohardjono, Heri Hermansyah

{"title":"Collection and analysis of hydrocarbon gas buried onshore pipeline accidents in Indonesia as the databases for failure frequency assessment in a quantitative risk analysis","authors":"Darmawan Ahmad Mukharror, Ibnu Maulana, Muhammad Yusuf, Hary Devianto, Andy Noorsaman Sommeng, Sutrasno Kartohardjono, Heri Hermansyah","doi":"10.1002/prs.12577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12577","url":null,"abstract":"As of May 31, 2022, approximately 18,687 km of gas pipeline has been built in Indonesia. However, the pipeline failure data are yet to be gathered or evaluated. In quantitative risk assessment (QRA), the pipeline failure frequency is calculated by a generic failure frequency approach. Most of these generic failure frequency data are based on other region pipeline incident databases. This paper aims to provide the basis of data for the failure frequency of Indonesia's buried onshore pipeline. Accident data from 1127.9 km of underground onshore gas pipelines within 30 years (1976–2006) in Indonesia were gathered and assessed to provide the cause and effect of pipeline age and diameter on the generic failure rate. This research reveals the average failure rate of 5.32E-04/km-year of onshore pipelines in Indonesia. The study concluded that baseline failure frequencies from this analysis could be used for buried onshore pipeline quantitative risk assessment purposes. Further pipeline failure research for a relatively current period (e.g., from 2006 to 2022), type of installation (e.g., buried, or non-buried), and other applications of the pipeline (e.g., offshore pipeline) should be conducted as a way forward for this study to have a complete database for Indonesian accidents.","PeriodicalId":20680,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139056739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0