Process Safety Progress最新文献

{"title":"Damage mitigation method studies through simulation modeling of chemical accidents","authors":"Sehyeon Oh, Junseo Lee, Byungchol Ma","doi":"10.1002/prs.12563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12563","url":null,"abstract":"In the chemical industry, when a fire occurs, a significant amount of energy is generated due to combustion, impacting other facilities within the plant and potentially leading to severe consequences through a domino effect. For decades, thermal radiation caused by flames has been calculated and predicted through simplified fire modeling. However, with advancements in computing technology, numerical model-based calculations have greatly improved, allowing for a more realistic implementation that considers actual phenomena. In this study, accident data and 3D modeling information were utilized to conduct fire modeling and simulation based on actual incidents in chemical plants. Through the analysis of simulation results, the initial emergency evacuation distance was provided to minimize the damage caused by thermal radiation, and the final evacuation distance was presented using the probit function. In addition, the study evaluated the impact of generated thermal radiation and overpressure on structures and equipment, providing evidence regarding the potential for secondary incidents. Moreover, the research revealed that the impact of thermal radiation and overpressure decreases due to obstacles, offering insights into the selection of emergency evacuation routes. This study can contribute to supporting effective emergency evacuation strategies in chemical facilities.","PeriodicalId":20680,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety Progress","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139459936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In memory of Joseph F. Louvar, 1935–2023, former Editor-in-Chief of Process Safety Progress","authors":"Daniel A. Crowl, John Murphy, Roy Sanders, Ronald J. Willey","doi":"10.1002/prs.12581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12581","url":null,"abstract":"<h2>1 REMEMBRANCE BY DANIEL A. CROWL, FORMER EDITOR-IN-CHIEF, OF <i>PROCESS SAFETY PROGRESS</i></h2>\u0000<p>Joseph F. Louvar passed away on December 11, 2023, at the age of 88.</p>\u0000<p>Louvar was best known as an outstanding advocate for process safety and undergraduate chemical engineering instruction in process safety.</p>\u0000<p>Louvar was born on September 27, 1935, in south Chicago, IL. He was the son of a Chicago fireman.</p>\u0000<p>He received his BS degree in 1957 from the Missouri School of Mines and Technology (currently Missouri University of Science and Technology), his MS degree from Carnegie Mellon in 1961, and his PhD from Wayne State University in 1983, all in chemical engineering.</p>\u0000<p>Louvar was in ROTC during his undergraduate years and graduated with the rank of second Lieutenant.</p>\u0000<p>In 1960, Louvar joined Corn Products as a process engineer.</p>\u0000<p>In 1961, Louvar married Berenice “Diane” Wassil who was working on her chemistry degree at Carnegie Mellon. They were married for 62 years until her passing in June of 2023. They have four children and eight grandchildren.</p>\u0000<p>In 1962, Louvar and his wife were hired by the Catholic Extension Society to manage St. Joseph's Orphanage in Bethany, Oklahoma. They directed a staff of 12 and cared for up to 70 children.</p>\u0000<p>In 1965, Louvar joined Wyandotte Chemicals (now BASF) in Wyandotte, MI as a development engineer. He held many positions at BASF, including Director of Inorganic R&D and Director of Chemical Engineering. His job functions included systems engineering, process design, R&D management, and small-scale production of chemicals. He retired from BASF in 2000.</p>\u0000<p>In 1983, Louvar received his PhD degree from Wayne State University in Detroit. His Ph.D. advisor was Dr. Daniel A. Crowl.</p>\u0000<p>In the summer of 1985, Louvar convinced Crowl to spend a summer working at BASF in Wyandotte, MI. Through this experience, Crowl recognized the importance of process safety to industrial operations and the necessity for undergraduate instruction in process safety. Louvar and Crowl form an inseparable team for process safety education.</p>\u0000<p>In 1987, Louvar became chair of the CCPS Undergraduate Education Committee, which would be renamed SACHE: Safety and Chemical Engineering Education in 1993. Louvar would also serve as chair of the AIChE 11a committee, Chair of the Loss Prevention Symposium, and Chair of the Safety and Health Division.</p>\u0000<p>In 1987, Louvar and Crowl decided that a textbook on process safety for undergraduate chemical engineers is essential. Their first edition was published in 1990. It is currently in the fourth edition.</p>\u0000<p>In 2000, Louvar was appointed Research Professor at Wayne State, a position he held until 2010.</p>\u0000<p>Louvar authored or coauthored 35 publications, 10 patents, and 2 books.</p>\u0000<p>In 1986, Louvar was recognized as the Chemical Engineer of the Year by the AIChE Detroit Local Section. In 1996, he became a Fellow of AIChE. In 1997, he ","PeriodicalId":20680,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety Progress","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139415577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Status of the Process Safety Division newsletter","authors":"Lisa A. Long","doi":"10.1002/prs.12578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12578","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20680,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety Progress","volume":"27 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139441710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Omission of important concepts in two articles on laboratory safety in PSP, Vol. 42, No. 4 December 2023","authors":"R. Prugh","doi":"10.1002/prs.12583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12583","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20680,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety Progress","volume":"10 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139443625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetics for the sulfuric acid-catalyzed reactions of ethylene oxide with water and ethylene glycols","authors":"Marc E. Levin, Justin Mitschke, Sheehan Smith, Peter I. Chipman, S. K. Singh, Robert Lenahan, Timothy S. Frederick, Bill Gulledge","doi":"10.1002/prs.12557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12557","url":null,"abstract":"Adiabatic calorimeter experiments have quantified the sulfuric acid-catalyzed reaction of ethylene oxide (EO) with water to form ethylene glycol (EG) and higher glycols. Conditions were selected relevant to industrial safety, such as a scenario of reverse flow of acid from a scrubber to an EO tank. Concentrations of 25–95 wt% EO with acidified water of pH 3.0 down to pH –0.7 were examined. In some experiments, EG was also added to the mix. The best fit apparent reaction rate expression exhibits a 1.5 order in EO concentration, third order in water concentration, nearly first order in acid concentration, and an activation energy of 76,500 kJ/kmol. The reaction model provides an adequate fit of adiabatic self-heat rate versus temperature, pressure rate versus temperature, pressure versus time, and temperature versus time data for a large number of APTAC (Automatic Pressure Tracking Adiabatic Calorimeter) experiments. The model builds on one previously developed for the neutral reactions of EO with water and EGs. A case study involving a sulfuric acid-contaminated EO railcar is presented. The reaction model can help quantify the behavior of EO contaminated with sulfuric acid solution below about 120°C. Above this temperature, other reaction pathways not characterized in this study become more prominent.","PeriodicalId":20680,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety Progress","volume":"296 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139415625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consequences analysis of a natural gas pipeline: The case of the trans-Anatolian natural gas pipeline","authors":"Saliha Cetinyokus, Duran Dinc, Sila Ata","doi":"10.1002/prs.12574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12574","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial accidents include fire, explosion, and toxic substance spread involving hazardous substances. They threaten the health of many people, cause permanent or long-term pollution of the natural environment, cause a high degree of property damage, and require a large-scale emergency response. Pipelines that transfer hazardous chemicals over a large area are risky for industrial accidents. In this study, we aimed to analyze the consequences of a possible industrial accident at the Edirne Ipsala compressor station in the trans-Anatolian natural gas pipeline (TANAP). Analyses were carried out with the ALOHA software on two hypothetical scenarios: In Scenario 1, the chemical escapes from the pipe without the gas burning; and in Scenario 2, the chemical escapes from the pipe with the gas burning (jet fire). In the analysis of overpressure effects, TNT EM and TNO MEM were used besides the software. The largest effect distance (≈5000 m) was determined in the flammable area as a result of Scenario 1, and the prominent hazard property of the chemical was supported. The overpressure effects obtained with TNO MEM and the software were compatible with each other, but the values obtained with TNT EM were less severe and quite different. In the analysis of overpressure effects, it is shown that the ALOHA software provided more conservative results and that buildings would collapse and lethal effects might occur at a distance of 1000 m from the source. ALOHA produced outputs integrated with GIS by providing thermal radiation and toxic effect threat zones as well as overpressure effects. ALOHA turns out to be a more convenient and practical tool for risk assessment studies and emergency plans.","PeriodicalId":20680,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety Progress","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139414089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grid-based assessment of hydrogen leakages for an offshore process to improve the design and human performance","authors":"Asher Ahmed Malik, Risza Rusli, Salman Nazir, Rizal Harris Wong, Ushtar Arshad","doi":"10.1002/prs.12567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12567","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen is gaining global recognition as a sustainable energy source, but its combustible nature raises concerns, especially in congested offshore settings. Steam methane reforming (SMR) remains the predominant hydrogen production method; however, offshore SMR facilities exposed to harsh weather could potentially compromise safety because of leakages. This study uses the fire dynamics simulator (FDS) to carry out the first-of-its-kind CFD modeling of hydrogen leakage and its wind-influenced dispersion on an offshore SMR platform. It also provides the spatial risk that accounts for the probabilities of human errors and wind speeds. The study uses a grid-based approach with 120 monitor points (MPs) to measure locally dispersed gas concentration. At 2 m/s wind speed, only nine grids contain explosive concentrations while the rest remain safe. At 5 m/s, the flammable zones increase by 133%, affecting 21 grids. Extreme wind speeds of 12.5 m/s have limited impact, but SMR1 exhibits higher stoichiometric concentrations. MPs 43–48 record flammable concentrations at all wind speeds; however, at 12.5 m/s the explosion risk is well below the threshold of 1 × 10⁻⁴ due to the low wind occurrence probability. Overall, this research contributes to addressing the safety concerns associated with hydrogen in offshore settings and provides a foundation for future risk assessments.","PeriodicalId":20680,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety Progress","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139415555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital twin technology and ergonomics for comprehensive improvement of safety in the petrochemical industry","authors":"Jinyang Jia, Xuetao Wang, Yang Xu, Zehua Song, Zimeng Zhang, Jiaqi Wu, Ziyu Liu","doi":"10.1002/prs.12575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12575","url":null,"abstract":"In order to improve the safety performance of the complete industrial chain, the petrochemical industry is in urgent need of digitalization and modernization. Considering two types of safety issues, namely safety hazards originating from non-human and human sources, this paper proposes two solutions. Digital twin technology provides an effective way for the integration of the physical and information worlds through bidirectional real mapping and real-time interaction between physical and virtual production lines, which can meet the high requirements of safety, stability, and continuity in the production process. On the other hand, micro-ergonomics improves human–machine interaction, enhances comfort and work efficiency, and reduces negative emotions and the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders; macro-ergonomics and health, safety, environment, and ergonomics (HSEE) concepts take into account the human factor to maximize work efficiency and reduce the rate of injuries, morbidity, and accidents at work.","PeriodicalId":20680,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety Progress","volume":"187 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139415598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the progress of chemical process safety management in China","authors":"Jiling Zhou, Xin Wang","doi":"10.1002/prs.12580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12580","url":null,"abstract":"Process safety management (PSM) is a proven and effective management approach that has been validated through practical experience. In recent years, China has been actively exploring advanced PSM methods and has implemented several regulations and standards related to chemical PSM. This article begins with a review of chemical PSM development in China and the United States. It then conducts a comparative analysis of the quantity and content of elements in the PSM systems of both countries. Based on the analysis results, suggestions for improving PSM in China are presented.","PeriodicalId":20680,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety Progress","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139373880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive thresholds-based leak detection using real-time transient modeling of two-phase flows","authors":"Seshu Kumar Vandrangi, Tamiru Alemu Lemma, Syed Muhammad Mujtaba","doi":"10.1002/prs.12572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12572","url":null,"abstract":"Pipelines are widely regarded as the most cost-effective mode of transportation for oil and gas, particularly when it comes to covering long distances. Regrettably, pipelines are not impervious to accidents, which can result in colossal material damage and fatalities. As the demand for oil and gas rises, so does the need for pipelines. Therefore, issues in pipeline malfunctions cannot be overlooked. Leakage and blockage are the two main faults in pipelines that lead to pipeline incidents if not addressed timely. Detecting pipeline leaks is a major hurdle for industry, and various techniques have been developed to tackle this. This article focuses on the modeling of leakage detection in pipelines in two-phase transient flows. Initially, OLGA, a multiphase software, is used for simulating the transient flows in a black oil case study. A leak was induced after 30 min of the simulation and leak cases were designed with varying parameters. Using the simulated data of mass flow rate, and pressure at the inlets and outlets, the model will be identified. The adaptive thresholds-based model was able to predict the leaks accurately. The performance of the leak detection model was analyzed. The model was able to detect leaks of 2%–10% sizes successfully.","PeriodicalId":20680,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety Progress","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139092448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}