Process Safety Progress最新文献

{"title":"Info for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/prs.12588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12588","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20680,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139856495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing ergonomic risk assessment among assembly operators in the small-scale fabrication sector","authors":"Nor Izliana Mohd Nizan, Nina Fatma Ali, Siti Aslina Hussain","doi":"10.1002/prs.12585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12585","url":null,"abstract":"In the small-scale fabrication sector, employee health and safety are the most important aspects for improving productivity and quality. There is a lack of risk assessment and limited information on human handling and ergonomic approaches in the working environment of the small-scale fabrication sector. This study aims to analyze the association of human handling risk factors with work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WMSD) symptoms among assembly operators and to evaluate the proposed ergonomic intervention for a high-risk work task using ergonomic risk assessment tools such as Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). A questionnaire survey and observation were conducted across seven work categories. The analysis using RULA and REBA revealed that cleaning, fitting, and assembling have a high-risk level that requires ergonomic intervention. The virtual design of the proposed ergonomic workstation for high-risk work tasks was created using CATIA software and evaluated using RULA and REBA analyses. Job and organizational factors were found to be the main contributors to WMSD, while individual factors, awareness levels, and ergonomic risk assessment had insignificant effects on WMSD. Based on RULA and REBA scores, the proposed ergonomic intervention significantly reduces risk by 30%–47%, improving overall health and safety for operators in diverse work activities.","PeriodicalId":20680,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139762473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of human error from incident investigation in upstream facilities","authors":"Abdul Hafiz Abd Halim, Tinia Idaty Mohd Ghazi, Faizah Mohd Yassin, Mohd Zahirasri Mohd Tohir","doi":"10.1002/prs.12584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12584","url":null,"abstract":"Human failures are a major cause of breakdowns in upstream facilities because of challenging working conditions. A study of human errors from an incident investigation in upstream facilities was carried out to understand the topography of human errors. A Tripod Beta diagram was developed from 107 incidents gathered during 2017–2020, and the human error taxonomy was used to identify the human errors caused by individuals and contributory human factors responsible for the incidents. A mistake is the most common human failing in a major incident, contributing to 59%, followed by a violation and a skill-based error with scores of 36% and 5%, respectively. Knowledge-based mistakes were prevalent in 48% of the analyzed reports, indicating a significant gap in any decision involving problem-solving and diagnosis. Situational and routine violations with 14% and 10% scoring, respectively, show the complexity of the offshore work environment, which prompts workers to violate and believe that jobs cannot be completed without violations. Disciplinary action, providing a safer workplace, and enhancing the safety culture were proposed to combat workplace violations. Meanwhile, an up-skilling of the workforce with adequate information and instruction will mitigate human errors leading to a mistake. Lastly, revisiting human factor engineering is required to prevent slip and lapse errors.","PeriodicalId":20680,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139762287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How audits fail according to accident investigations: A counterfactual logic analysis","authors":"Ben Hutchinson, Sidney Dekker, Andrew Rae","doi":"10.1002/prs.12579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12579","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the reliance on safety auditing within organizations, comparatively limited research has studied the performance of safety auditing. When an investigation laments the “lack of audit quality” following an accident, what is meant by this statement? What contrasts a “good quality” audit from a “poor quality” audit? This study examined counterfactual logics (statements about alternative realities that did not occur but “could have” according to investigators) within 44 major accident reports to assess how audits are supposed to function and how they fall short of the ideal model. The content analysis yielded nine counterfactual auditing failures grouped into four categories. Contrary to the “ideal” model, audits (a) failed to facilitate an accurate understanding of threats by misinterpreting their saliency, (b) failed to facilitate timely action against threats by inadequately addressing the deterioration of known issues, (c) failed to facilitate effective management of issues, leading to confusion around the purpose and scope of audits, and d) failed to facilitate sufficient focus on threats by lacking focus on critical hazards and focusing on paperwork over operational issues or “failing silently” by missing threats while simultaneously praising performance. Practitioners should critically evaluate audits against these criteria and ensure audits effectively identify early warning signs.","PeriodicalId":20680,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139578551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explosion incidents associated with comprehensive studies on methyl ethyl ketone peroxide under thermal decomposition: A review","authors":"Lingzhu Gong, Gending Yu, Jingling Li, Jinfeng Chen, Rongguo Chen, Jiale Huang, Lei Wang, Zhikun Huang, Jiulai Huang, Yih-Shing Duh","doi":"10.1002/prs.12565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12565","url":null,"abstract":"This review gathered and discussed the available results on the thermal hazards, thermal kinetics, decomposition mechanism, autocatalytic behavior, thermal explosion, deflagration ability, and incompatibility hazards associated with the thermal decomposition of methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKPO). The present review constructed a diagram showing all activation energy <i>E</i>_a and log <i>A</i> values for the thermal decomposition of MEKPO. Some disagreement exists in the values of <i>E</i>_a and log <i>A</i> (unit: s⁻¹ M^1−<i>n</i>) derived from differential scanning calorimetry; thus, more extensive studies must be conducted to resolve disputes. Nearly no literature exists on the thermal explosion and deflagration ability of MEKPO, and the reactions of MEKPO with incompatible contaminants remain unclear. Concerning the complex decomposition mechanism of MEKPO, experimental determination and identifications of intermediates have not been obtained. Available technology must be improved to enable the collection of accurate data on thermal hazards, thermal kinetics, decomposition mechanisms, explosion and deflagration phenomena, autocatalytic behavior, and incompatibility. This review has integrated an up-to-date summary of the most recent approaches and offers perspectives regarding future research. These current findings can serve as a reference for completing subsequent experimental investigations, theoretical studies, and designs of inherently safer measures for producing or handling MEKPO.","PeriodicalId":20680,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139460134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the effects of automation malfunction on team communication and coordination in ships' engine rooms","authors":"Hasan Mahbub Tusher, Salman Nazir, Steven Mallam, Zaili Yang, Umer Asgher, Risza Rusli","doi":"10.1002/prs.12571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12571","url":null,"abstract":"Automation malfunctions within complex socio-technical systems reserve the potential to significantly affect human performance. In the context of maritime operations, varying consequences of automation malfunction on human performance can be observed. This study introduced a two-step research framework to examine the repercussions of such malfunctions, particularly those related to communication and coordination among human teams in ship engine rooms. Initially, a qualitative semi-structured interview was conducted with seven professional marine engineers to explore the potential impact of hypothetical automation malfunction on team communication. Subsequently, a quantitative survey involving 32 professional marine engineers employed coordination demand analysis (CDA) to scrutinize changes in team coordination resulting from malfunction. The findings indicate that an automation malfunction within an engine room can precipitate an abrupt overload of the socio-technical system. This can significantly increase communication frequency among engineers, particularly in relation to the physical and organizational aspects of the environment. Furthermore, the study highlights the influence of disparate levels of expertise among team members on coordination demands. A positive correlation was discovered between differences in expertise and increased coordination demands within a team. These insights underscore the necessity for future research on human–automation interaction, specifically focusing on individual differences and nontechnical skills.","PeriodicalId":20680,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139460136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Change of location class in gas pipelines from a regulatory perspective","authors":"Bruno Felippe Silva, Erica Vanessa Albuquerque de Oliveira, Marcelo Gonçalves Da Cunha","doi":"10.1002/prs.12582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12582","url":null,"abstract":"Location class is an essential factor in the gas pipeline project because it considers factors such as population density and the number of buildings along the gas pipeline route. As these parameters change, the pipeline operator needs to review the location class, also requiring a possible assessment of changes in allowable pipeline operating pressure. Brazilian regulations related to the safety of pipeline processes are defined in the Onshore Pipeline Technical Regulation and this document indicates the application of the requirements of the ASME B31.8 standard for changing the location class. Although there are preventive and mitigating measures in the ASME B31.8 standard, they are seen as overly conservative. Other international standards have different concepts, with evaluation criteria based on risk analysis. The issue has also been a challenge for other countries, which are reviewing their regulations and developing guidelines for gas pipeline operators. The main objective of this study is to carry out a survey of international practices related to changing the location class of gas pipelines and to propose a criterion based on the best international practices based on risk management, allowing a more comprehensive view of this subject.","PeriodicalId":20680,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139441509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Damage mitigation method studies through simulation modeling of chemical accidents","authors":"Sehyeon Oh, Junseo Lee, Byungchol Ma","doi":"10.1002/prs.12563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12563","url":null,"abstract":"In the chemical industry, when a fire occurs, a significant amount of energy is generated due to combustion, impacting other facilities within the plant and potentially leading to severe consequences through a domino effect. For decades, thermal radiation caused by flames has been calculated and predicted through simplified fire modeling. However, with advancements in computing technology, numerical model-based calculations have greatly improved, allowing for a more realistic implementation that considers actual phenomena. In this study, accident data and 3D modeling information were utilized to conduct fire modeling and simulation based on actual incidents in chemical plants. Through the analysis of simulation results, the initial emergency evacuation distance was provided to minimize the damage caused by thermal radiation, and the final evacuation distance was presented using the probit function. In addition, the study evaluated the impact of generated thermal radiation and overpressure on structures and equipment, providing evidence regarding the potential for secondary incidents. Moreover, the research revealed that the impact of thermal radiation and overpressure decreases due to obstacles, offering insights into the selection of emergency evacuation routes. This study can contribute to supporting effective emergency evacuation strategies in chemical facilities.","PeriodicalId":20680,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139459936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In memory of Joseph F. Louvar, 1935–2023, former Editor-in-Chief of Process Safety Progress","authors":"Daniel A. Crowl, John Murphy, Roy Sanders, Ronald J. Willey","doi":"10.1002/prs.12581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12581","url":null,"abstract":"<h2>1 REMEMBRANCE BY DANIEL A. CROWL, FORMER EDITOR-IN-CHIEF, OF <i>PROCESS SAFETY PROGRESS</i></h2>\u0000<p>Joseph F. Louvar passed away on December 11, 2023, at the age of 88.</p>\u0000<p>Louvar was best known as an outstanding advocate for process safety and undergraduate chemical engineering instruction in process safety.</p>\u0000<p>Louvar was born on September 27, 1935, in south Chicago, IL. He was the son of a Chicago fireman.</p>\u0000<p>He received his BS degree in 1957 from the Missouri School of Mines and Technology (currently Missouri University of Science and Technology), his MS degree from Carnegie Mellon in 1961, and his PhD from Wayne State University in 1983, all in chemical engineering.</p>\u0000<p>Louvar was in ROTC during his undergraduate years and graduated with the rank of second Lieutenant.</p>\u0000<p>In 1960, Louvar joined Corn Products as a process engineer.</p>\u0000<p>In 1961, Louvar married Berenice “Diane” Wassil who was working on her chemistry degree at Carnegie Mellon. They were married for 62 years until her passing in June of 2023. They have four children and eight grandchildren.</p>\u0000<p>In 1962, Louvar and his wife were hired by the Catholic Extension Society to manage St. Joseph's Orphanage in Bethany, Oklahoma. They directed a staff of 12 and cared for up to 70 children.</p>\u0000<p>In 1965, Louvar joined Wyandotte Chemicals (now BASF) in Wyandotte, MI as a development engineer. He held many positions at BASF, including Director of Inorganic R&amp;D and Director of Chemical Engineering. His job functions included systems engineering, process design, R&amp;D management, and small-scale production of chemicals. He retired from BASF in 2000.</p>\u0000<p>In 1983, Louvar received his PhD degree from Wayne State University in Detroit. His Ph.D. advisor was Dr. Daniel A. Crowl.</p>\u0000<p>In the summer of 1985, Louvar convinced Crowl to spend a summer working at BASF in Wyandotte, MI. Through this experience, Crowl recognized the importance of process safety to industrial operations and the necessity for undergraduate instruction in process safety. Louvar and Crowl form an inseparable team for process safety education.</p>\u0000<p>In 1987, Louvar became chair of the CCPS Undergraduate Education Committee, which would be renamed SACHE: Safety and Chemical Engineering Education in 1993. Louvar would also serve as chair of the AIChE 11a committee, Chair of the Loss Prevention Symposium, and Chair of the Safety and Health Division.</p>\u0000<p>In 1987, Louvar and Crowl decided that a textbook on process safety for undergraduate chemical engineers is essential. Their first edition was published in 1990. It is currently in the fourth edition.</p>\u0000<p>In 2000, Louvar was appointed Research Professor at Wayne State, a position he held until 2010.</p>\u0000<p>Louvar authored or coauthored 35 publications, 10 patents, and 2 books.</p>\u0000<p>In 1986, Louvar was recognized as the Chemical Engineer of the Year by the AIChE Detroit Local Section. In 1996, he became a Fellow of AIChE. In 1997, he ","PeriodicalId":20680,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139415577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Status of the Process Safety Division newsletter","authors":"Lisa A. Long","doi":"10.1002/prs.12578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12578","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20680,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139441710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}