Process Safety Progress最新文献_第10页

Consequence analysis, layer of protection analysis, and bow‐tie as strategies to prevent accidents 后果分析、防护层分析、领结分析作为预防事故的策略

4区工程技术

Process Safety Progress Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.1002/prs.12542

Elisio Carvalho Silva

{"title":"Consequence analysis, layer of protection analysis, and bow‐tie as strategies to prevent accidents","authors":"Elisio Carvalho Silva","doi":"10.1002/prs.12542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12542","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article discusses some accidents and uses consequence analysis as well as layer of protection analysis (LOPA) and bow‐tie to establish the best approach for safely controlling the process to avoid loss of containment due to overfilling. Four accidents and their aftermaths are examined, considering current investigations. Consequence analysis was used with 12 products to demonstrate how to determine the level of protection of the systems to reduce the likelihood of containment loss due to overflow. Finally, LOPA and bow‐tie were used to ensure that the systems have adequate protection at an acceptable level of risk tolerance and will be correctly maintained throughout their life cycle. The analyses indicated that an independent layer of protection with safety integrity level 2 was required to achieve the risk tolerance requirement of <10 −4 /year, which is a known and widely accepted frequency when an accident has the potential to result in a fatality. Furthermore, a study of degradation factors and controls was performed to enhance the reliability of all the components that interfere with the frequency of the top event. This will improve process safety throughout the system's lifecycle, and the results will also be input for safeguards audits.","PeriodicalId":20680,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety Progress","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135917857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Retrospective on the risk matrix, part 1 回顾风险矩阵，第1部分

4区工程技术

Process Safety Progress Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.1002/prs.12540

James A. Moseman

引用次数: 0

Human factors analysis of a fatal gas explosion on June 13, 2021 in Shiyan City, China 2021年6月13日中国十堰市致命瓦斯爆炸人为因素分析

4区工程技术

Process Safety Progress Pub Date : 2023-09-24 DOI: 10.1002/prs.12538

Ling Yang, Mengmeng Chen, Weisong Fan

{"title":"Human factors analysis of a fatal gas explosion on June 13, 2021 in Shiyan City, China","authors":"Ling Yang, Mengmeng Chen, Weisong Fan","doi":"10.1002/prs.12538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12538","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Human factors are considered the main cause of accidents involving pipeline explosionf. In order to identify the path of human‐induced explosion accidents, a gas pipeline explosion that occurred in Shiyan city of China is investigated thoroughly in this study. Applying the 24Model, the causes of the accident are classified into two levels: organizational and individual. The organizational level causes are further categorized into two elements, namely safety culture and safety management system. The individual level causes are further categorized into personal abilities and safety behaviors—both unsafe actions and unsafe conditions. The 24Model methodology further refines unsafe actions and unsafe conditions into subcategories for increased clarity. Based on the 24Model, it was determined that the Shinyan City incident was caused by gaps in personal abilities, which included insufficient safety knowledge, low safety awareness, and bad safety habits. Causes related to ability factors, safety management system, and safety culture were also identified. In addition, the relationship between the identified factors was developed according to the roles played by the accident causes, and the propagation path of the accident was established. This clarity helps to strengthen safety measures related to human factors.","PeriodicalId":20680,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety Progress","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135925719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Application of quantitative risk analysis to fireproofing 定量风险分析在防火中的应用

4区工程技术

Process Safety Progress Pub Date : 2023-09-22 DOI: 10.1002/prs.12539

Jeffrey D. Marx, Benjamin Ishii

{"title":"Application of quantitative risk analysis to fireproofing","authors":"Jeffrey D. Marx, Benjamin Ishii","doi":"10.1002/prs.12539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12539","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract One of the core elements of fire protection for petrochemical processing plants is the consideration of passive fire protection (PFP). This general category, often referred to as fireproofing, is addressed in the American Petroleum Institute (API)‐recommended practice (RP) 2218. This RP provides guidelines for the selection and application of fireproofing with what is mostly a qualitative risk assessment approach. The logic focuses on predicting pool fires based on rough characterizations of system properties combined with equipment layout. Although pool fire impacts are often localized, jet fires can affect larger areas. API RP 2218 addresses jet fires in an appendix because of their unpredictable nature, leaving pool fire exposures as the default basis for structural fireproofing. To properly account for both fire types, fire exposure can be evaluated with quantitative risk analysis (QRA) tools that incorporate both jet and pool fire impacts for a wide variety of accident scenarios, weather conditions, and release orientations. By evaluating the thermal radiation impacts of fires in relation to the vulnerability of steel structural elements, a QRA‐based approach to placement of PFP can be achieved. This approach has the benefit of applying PFP where it is needed the most, to best protect a company's infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":20680,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety Progress","volume":"2015 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136062023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Environmental, social, governance: The future of process safety management or repeat of the past? 环境、社会、治理:过程安全管理的未来还是过去的重复?

4区工程技术

Process Safety Progress Pub Date : 2023-09-16 DOI: 10.1002/prs.12535

Rainer Hoff, Kathy Shell

{"title":"<scp>Environmental, social, governance</scp>: The future of <scp>process safety management</scp> or repeat of the past?","authors":"Rainer Hoff, Kathy Shell","doi":"10.1002/prs.12535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12535","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sites have implemented process safety management (PSM) systems, initially for Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) PSM and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) risk management program (RMP) compliance. Then later, they adapted those systems for risk‐based process safety (RBPS). They discovered the power of leveraging these foundational systems of procedures, tools, and practices for numerous follow‐on initiatives: for example, action management, API‐1173, SIS/IEC‐61511; cybersecurity/IEC 62443; API‐754/Vision 2020 metrics; ISO 14001. Today, companies are increasingly serious about environmental, social, governance (ESG) issues, and demonstrate progress by leveraging the S&P global corporate sustainability assessment (CSA). Interestingly, 63% of the CSA elements rely on information directly or indirectly produced by PSM systems. The existing PSM systems may require additional data collection, or additional lifecycles, in their business processes to satisfy the ESG/CSA requirements. Process safety professionals have a critically important role in supporting local and corporate ESG initiatives. ESG initiatives are indeed the “new game in town” to promote continuous improvement in process safety.","PeriodicalId":20680,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety Progress","volume":"233 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135305848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An unexpected explosion while fumigating a grain silo: It wasn't the dust 在对粮仓进行熏蒸时发生意外爆炸:原因不是灰尘

4区工程技术

Process Safety Progress Pub Date : 2023-09-11 DOI: 10.1002/prs.12537

Trevor Lardinois, Delmar “Trey” Morrison, Daniela Revez

{"title":"An unexpected explosion while fumigating a grain silo: It wasn't the dust","authors":"Trevor Lardinois, Delmar “Trey” Morrison, Daniela Revez","doi":"10.1002/prs.12537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12537","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Large‐scale fumigation of grain silos is a strategy to mitigate infestation of the bulk material. A common fumigant precursor for grain processes is aluminum phosphide, which exothermically decomposes in the presence of moisture (from the grain or air) to the toxic fumigant: phosphine gas. To overcome the hazards of exothermic decomposition and phosphine exposure, aluminum phosphide pellets can be metered into the silo's grain feed to distribute them throughout the grain more evenly. This approach decreases the decomposition rate of aluminum phosphide, better distributes heat generation to avoid igniting grain, and sustains a phosphine gas concentration well below the pyrophoric concentration—all while achieving the fumigation objectives. During a fumigation activity, a large explosion occurred within a group of silos at a grain elevator complex. Dust explosions are a common hazard for grain handling facilities, but this incident was caused by the autoignition of a phosphine gas cloud inside the conveyor tunnels. It was only through post‐incident evaluations of the grain flow dynamics and pellet addition activities that a gap between the desired pellet distribution and the incident conditions was identified. As a result, a new insight into bulk grain handling and safe fumigation was developed.","PeriodicalId":20680,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety Progress","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135981106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of motivation in human performance and in minimizing the impact of human error 动机在人的表现和减少人为错误的影响中的作用

4区工程技术

Process Safety Progress Pub Date : 2023-09-10 DOI: 10.1002/prs.12536

Ritche Niño Li

{"title":"The role of motivation in human performance and in minimizing the impact of human error","authors":"Ritche Niño Li","doi":"10.1002/prs.12536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12536","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The role of human error is the subject of various case studies on process safety incidents worldwide. To improve the situation and minimize the impact of human error, efforts are widely focused on the external job situation, such as job design, and the rules of rewards and punishments. Furthermore, organizations have opted to improve individual conditions such as job competencies and skills development. It is the aim of human factors engineering to maximize the potential of human performance in preventing process safety incidents. However, little attention is paid to the internal motivational process that occurs in an individual participating in the incident. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to bridge the gap and to highlight the role of motivational behavior in developing human performance or in executing actions that lead to human error. Human behavior and motivation widely vary within organizations. Therefore, organizations may benefit from the motivational theories that are widely used in the study of organizational behavior. The theoretical approach to motivation is separated into two main categories: inner motivation and outer motivation. Moreover, inner motivational theory is also subdivided into rational factors and irrational factors. The theories applied in this paper exemplify and combine the use of motivational theories in improving human performance and preventing process safety incidents. Based on the analysis, key recommendations are generated that can be implemented to improve human performance as part of the process safety management system.","PeriodicalId":20680,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety Progress","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136073310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Overcome the challenges of implementing safety instrumented systems for reactive processes 克服为反应过程实施安全仪表系统的挑战

4区工程技术

Process Safety Progress Pub Date : 2023-09-10 DOI: 10.1002/prs.12534

Eloise Roche, Angela E. Summers

{"title":"Overcome the challenges of implementing <scp>safety instrumented systems</scp> for reactive processes","authors":"Eloise Roche, Angela E. Summers","doi":"10.1002/prs.12534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12534","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Safety instrumented systems (SISs) are generally used against process safety hazards with the potential to severely injure, or even kill, personnel or members of the public. Reactive processes are a common application for SISs due to the potential for significant energy release during the reaction, which tends to cause catastrophic rupture of the vessel. While some applications can address the reactive hazard by closing emergency block valves, others may require blowdowns, kill agents, and other complex response actions. The more that needs to be done to address the reaction, the more complicated the SIS, resulting in the need for more experienced process engineering involvement to get the design right. The protection layers allocated to manage the risk of reactive applications typically focus on the prevention of runaway reactions by ensuring that the temperature or pressure never reach an unsafe state. This seems straightforward, but reactive processes can respond to loss of control in ways that are more difficult to predict, so the specification of trip point, response time, and sensor architecture requires more analysis than typical SIS. This paper discusses some of the unique challenges posed by reactive applications and provides examples to illustrate how to overcome these challenges.","PeriodicalId":20680,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety Progress","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136071715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effectiveness of behavior‐based safety observation program (BSOP) in the chemical manufacturing industry 基于行为的安全观察程序(BSOP)在化工行业的有效性

IF 1 4区工程技术

Process Safety Progress Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1002/prs.12533

J. Zakaria, Che Rosmani Che Hassan, M. D. Hamid, E. H. Sukadarin

{"title":"The effectiveness of behavior‐based safety observation program (BSOP) in the chemical manufacturing industry","authors":"J. Zakaria, Che Rosmani Che Hassan, M. D. Hamid, E. H. Sukadarin","doi":"10.1002/prs.12533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12533","url":null,"abstract":"In 2022, there were 4514 reported cases of occupational accidents in Malaysian manufacturing industry, which is the highest among the sectors. Although governmental regulations mandate the use of personal protective equipment and safe working procedures, workers still take risks while completing their job. Behavioral‐based safety (BBS) approach has become a reliable way for correcting workers' behavior and improving their safety performance. This article presents findings from the BBS safety intervention program and reports its effectiveness in increasing the number of workers performing safe acts. The developed program, namely BSOP (behavior‐based safety observation program), use four basic principles: (i) goal‐setting, (ii) behavioral observation, (iii) constructive feedback, and (iv) reward and celebration. During execution, behavioral observation was conducted daily by appointed observers for 4 months. Results showed that the program reduced at‐risk behavior (measured by the percent increase of safe acts) from 61% during baseline to 73% and 82% during the first and second behavioral observation cycles toward 14 identified targeted behavior. This study presents a comprehensive and structured process of developing safety interventions. It contributes to our understanding of the significant effects of changes in targeted behavior due to the success of the safety intervention program.","PeriodicalId":20680,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety Progress","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48410344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction to Book Review of “Fire Protection Handbook®: National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Vol 1 and 2. 21st ed. 2023. p. 3800. $749. ISBN: 978‐1‐455929‐1‐39” 《消防手册》书评更正®: 美国国家消防协会（NFPA）。第1卷和第2卷。第21版，2023年。第3800页$749.ISBN:978-1-455929-1-39“

IF 1 4区工程技术

Process Safety Progress Pub Date : 2023-08-30 DOI: 10.1002/prs.12532

引用次数: 0