Proceedings of the Royal Society of London最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of Two Versus Three Bilateral Botulinum Toxin Injections Prior to Abdominal Wall Reconstruction.","authors":"Allard S Timmer, Faduma Ibrahim, Jeroen J M Claessen, Carolin J Aehling, Tom C P M Kemper, Martin V H Rutten, Marja A Boermeester","doi":"10.3389/jaws.2023.11382","DOIUrl":"10.3389/jaws.2023.11382","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin A (BTA) induces a temporary muscle paralysis. In patients with a ventral hernia, preoperative injection of BTA in the muscles of the lateral abdominal wall (LAW) leads to thinning and lengthening of these muscles, making fascial closure more likely. In many hernia centres, treatment with BTA prior to abdominal wall reconstruction has therefore become standard care. However, evidence on the optimal BTA strategy is lacking. <b>Methods:</b> In this single-centre retrospective study, we analysed a consecutive cohort of ventral hernia patients that underwent bilateral BTA injections prior to abdominal wall reconstruction with available CT before and after BTA. We only included patients that were treated with exactly 600 units of Dysport®, diluted into 120 mL of saline, via either two- or three injections on each side into all three LAW muscle layers. The primary outcome was the change in LAW muscle length and thickness, comparing CT measures from before BTA and 4-6 weeks after the injections. <b>Results:</b> We analysed 67 patients; 30 had received two injections bilaterally and 37 had received three injections bilaterally. Baseline data showed no significant differences in LAW muscle thickness or length between groups. In both groups, the median LAW muscle thickness decreased with 0.5 cm (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The LAW muscle length increased with 0.9 cm (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and 1.2 cm (<i>p</i> < 0.001) in the two- and three bilateral injection group, respectively. The BTA-induced changes in LAW thickness and length were not significantly different between both groups (<i>p</i> = 0.809 and <i>p</i> = 0.654, respectively). <b>Discussion:</b> When using the exact same dosage and distribution volume of BTA in patients with a complex abdominal wall defect, two injections bilaterally in the lateral abdominal wall muscles are as effective as three injections bilaterally.</p>","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":"44 1","pages":"11382"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10831667/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84350868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of ultra-processed food consumption with colorectal cancer risk among men and women: results from three prospective US cohort studies.","authors":"Lu Wang, Mengxi Du, Kai Wang, Neha Khandpur, Sinara Laurini Rossato, Jean-Philippe Drouin-Chartier, Euridice Martínez Steele, Edward Giovannucci, Mingyang Song, Fang Fang Zhang","doi":"10.1136/bmj-2021-068921","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmj-2021-068921","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the association between consumption of ultra-processed foods and risk of colorectal cancer among men and women from three large prospective cohorts.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Prospective cohort study with dietary intake assessed every four years using food frequency questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Three large US cohorts.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Men (n= 46 341) from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2014) and women (n=159 907) from the Nurses' Health Study (1986-2014; n=67 425) and the Nurses' Health Study II (1991-2015; n=92 482) with valid dietary intake measurement and no cancer diagnosis at baseline.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure: </strong>Association between ultra-processed food consumption and risk of colorectal cancer, estimated using time varying Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for potential confounding factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>3216 cases of colorectal cancer (men, n=1294; women, n=1922) were documented during the 24-28 years of follow-up. Compared with those in the lowest fifth of ultra-processed food consumption, men in the highest fifth of consumption had a 29% higher risk of developing colorectal cancer (hazard ratio for highest versus lowest fifth 1.29, 95% confidence interval 1.08 to 1.53; P for trend=0.01), and the positive association was limited to distal colon cancer (72% increased risk; hazard ratio 1.72, 1.24 to 2.37; P for trend<0.001). These associations remained significant after further adjustment for body mass index or indicators of nutritional quality of the diet (that is, western dietary pattern or dietary quality score). No association was observed between overall ultra-processed food consumption and risk of colorectal cancer among women. Among subgroups of ultra-processed foods, higher consumption of meat/poultry/seafood based ready-to-eat products (hazard ratio for highest versus lowest fifth 1.44, 1.20 to 1.73; P for trend<0.001) and sugar sweetened beverages (1.21, 1.01 to 1.44; P for trend=0.013) among men and ready-to-eat/heat mixed dishes among women (1.17, 1.01 to 1.36; P for trend=0.02) was associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer; yogurt and dairy based desserts were negatively associated with the risk of colorectal cancer among women (hazard ratio 0.83, 0.71 to 0.97; P for trend=0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the three large prospective cohorts, high consumption of total ultra-processed foods in men and certain subgroups of ultra-processed foods in men and women was associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Further studies are needed to better understand the potential attributes of ultra-processed foods that contribute to colorectal carcinogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":"46 1","pages":"e068921"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9430376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84355814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Love, God, and Schizophrenia.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/schizbullopen/sgac031","DOIUrl":"10.1093/schizbullopen/sgac031","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":"31 1","pages":"sgac031"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11205880/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84289761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Qingfei oral liquid for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in rats and related network pharmacology study.","authors":"Yiwen Zhang, Kongsheng Sheng, Feifeng Song, Zongfu Pan, Xiaozhou Zou, Yujia Liu, Ping Huang","doi":"10.3724/zdxbyxb-2021-0203","DOIUrl":"10.3724/zdxbyxb-2021-0203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Qingfei oral liquid in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Seventy-two male SD rats were divided into control group, model group, pirofenidone group and Qingfei group with 18 animals in each group. The idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis was induced in last three groups by intratracheal injection of bleomycin; pirofenidone group was given oral administration of pirofenidone b.i.d for 21 d, and Qingfei group was given Qingfei oral liquid 3.6 mL/kg q.d for Lung tissues were obtained for HE staining, Masson staining and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β immunohistochemical staining. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) were detected in tissue homogenates. The BATMAN-TCM database was used to retrieve the chemical components and their corresponding targets of Qingfei oral solution by network pharmacology method, and then the component-target-disease network diagram was constructed. Finally, the pathway enrichment analysis was carried out to explore the molecular mechanism of Qingfei oral liquid against idiopathic fibrosis. Histopathology results showed that Qingfei oral liquid had a similar relieving effect on pulmonary fibrosis as the positive drug pirfenidone; TGF-β secretion had a significant reduction in lung tissues of Qingfei group; and Qingfei oral liquid had better regulatory effect on SOD, MDA and GSH than pirfenidone. The results of component-target-disease network and pathway enrichment analysis showed that the related molecular pathways were concentrated in inflammation, extracellular matrix and cytokines. Qingfei oral liquid has a good therapeutic effect on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in rats via regulation of inflammation, extracellular matrix and cytokines.</p>","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":"3 1","pages":"53-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9109760/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84127146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenomena resulting from interruption of afferent and efferent tracts of the cerebellum","authors":"J. S. Russell","doi":"10.1098/rspl.1896.0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1896.0038","url":null,"abstract":"The research was undertaken in the hope of obtaining evidence in support of or against the view that the cerebellum exercises a direct influence on the spinal centres, as opposed to any indirect influence exerted through the agency of the cerebral cortex. The inferior peduncle of the cerebellum was accordingly divided on one side, the organ itself and its other peduncles being otherwise left intact, and the results obtained by this procedure were controlled by experiments in which the lateral tracts of the medulla oblongata were divided on one side without injury to the pyramid on the one hand or to the posterior columns and their nuclei on the other. Further control experiments consisted in dividing transversely the posterior columns and their nuclei a few millimetres above the calamus scriptorius, on one side, without including the lateral tracts of the medulla in the lesion.","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":"60 1","pages":"199 - 201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rspl.1896.0038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49385526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"III. The electromotive properties of the skin of the common eel","authors":"E. W. Reid","doi":"10.1098/rspl.1892.0084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1892.0084","url":null,"abstract":"1. The assumption that the E. M. F. of the current of rest of the skin of the Fish is entirely due to mucin-metamorphosis, and that it is not possible to attribute it to the presence of glandular elements is negatived, in the case of the Eel, by the absence of any such mucinous change in the superficial epidermic cells and by the presence of abundance of secretory cells throughout the structure. 2. The existence of considerable differences of potential between two contacts upon the outer surface of the skin, and the fact that such E. M. F. is capable of excitatory augmentation upon mechanical stimulation, coincides with the assumption that the E. M. F. of the current of rest is the outcome of glandular processes of variable activity and is not compatible with the theory of origin of the E. M. F. in mucin-metamorphosis.","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":"52 1","pages":"391 - 392"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rspl.1892.0084","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48349217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"III. The direct influence of gradual variations of temperature upon the rate of beat of the dog's heart","authors":"H. N. Martin","doi":"10.1098/rspl.1882.0065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1882.0065","url":null,"abstract":"In the investigations described, the method of experiment was such as to completely isolate physiologically the heart of the dog from all the rest of the body of the animal, lungs excepted. This was accomplished by occluding the right and left carotid and subclavian arteries, the aorta just beyond the origin of the left subclavian, and ligaturing both venæ cavæ and the azygos vein.","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":"34 1","pages":"444 - 445"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rspl.1882.0065","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49242683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radio-activity of uranium","authors":"W. Crookes","doi":"10.1098/rspl.1899.0120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1899.0120","url":null,"abstract":"1. The researches of M. Henri Becquerel have shown that compounds of uranium possess the property now called \"radio-activity\"; that is, rays emitted by them affect a sensitive photographic plate through bodies usually considered opaque to light; they discharge an electrometer when brought near it; and they are deflected by a magnet. These rays are now called \"Becquerel rays,\" or \"uranic rays.\"","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":"66 1","pages":"409 - 423"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rspl.1899.0120","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42668351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VI. On figures of equilibrium of rotating masses of fluid","authors":"G. Darwin","doi":"10.1098/rspl.1887.0078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1887.0078","url":null,"abstract":"The intention of this paper is, first, to investigate the forms which two masses of fluid assume when they revolve in close proximity about one another, without relative motion of their parts; and secondly, to obtain a representation of the single form of equilibrium which must exist when the two masses approach so near to one another as just to coalesce into a single mass.","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":"42 1","pages":"359 - 362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rspl.1887.0078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48403398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the laws governing electric discharges in gases at low pressures","authors":"W. R. Carr","doi":"10.1098/rspl.1902.0110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1902.0110","url":null,"abstract":"The experiments described in this paper were undertaken with the object of determining the potential difference required to produce discharge in a number of gases over a wide range of pressures, and especially of ascertaining if the law enunciated by Paschen was generally applicable, provided the electric field in which the discharge took place was uniform. The paper is divided into the following sections :— (1.) Introduction. (2.) Description of apparatus. (3.) Experiments in air. (4.) Experiments in hydrogen. (5.) Experiments in carbon dioxide. (6.) Spark potentials with different electrodes. (7.) Minimum spark potentials. (8.) Connection between spark lengths and spark potentials. (9.) Minimum spark potentials in different gases. (10.) Summary of results.","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":"71 1","pages":"374 - 376"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rspl.1902.0110","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46952506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}