Proceedings of the Royal Society of London最新文献

{"title":"II. On underground temperatures, with observations on the conductivity of rocks, on the thermal effects of saturation and imbibition, and on a special source of heat in mountain ranges","authors":"J. Prestwich","doi":"10.1098/rspl.1884.0079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1884.0079","url":null,"abstract":"Having filled a fresh, tube w ith fresh spun glass, I carefully exhausted w ith th e Sprengel pum p on January 24th, and the exhaustion was kep t up till February 5th, th a t is, fo r twelve days. During th is tim e I frequently tested w ith th e McLeod gauge. A very i slight increase of pressure was found during th a t in te rv a l; bu t it was iso slight th a t I am not able to say th a t i t was g reater th an th a t <which is observed a t all times, even w ith the Sprengel pum p in excellent order, w hen a vacuum is m aintained for several days. On F ebruary 5th, I passed th ree or four bottlesful of m ercury through the pum p, and had a vacuum of about 0*5 M as shown by the McLeod gauge. I then applied heat, and had in stan tly an abun­ dance of gas given off from th e spun glass. This was collected as before, and analysed. The num ber of glass fibres was 15,500, giving an estim ated surface area of 3527 sq. centim s. The am ount of gas given off was 0'41 c .c .; which is considerably less in proportion th a n in my first experim ent. Of th is gas i t was found th a t 78'6 per cent, was carbonic acid gas (absorbable by caustic potash). Of th e rem ainder 10‘5 per cent, was oxygen (absorbed by pyrogallic acid and potash) ; while 89‘5 per cent, was left unab so rb ed ; and m ay be supposed to be m ainly nitrogen. The very large proportion of carbonic acid gas is rem arkable, and i t is difficult to account for, unless we m ay suppose th a t it was taken up by the glass in large quan tity d u rin g the operations of drawing out the glass in to fibres, and enclosing i t in th e contain ing tube—operations during which there was, in these prelim inary experi­ ments, an abundant supply from the blowpipe flames. 1885.] Underground Tem,fyc.","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rspl.1884.0079","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62286052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the interpretation of photographic records of the response of nerve obtained with the capillary electrometer","authors":"G. J. Burch","doi":"10.1098/rspl.1902.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1902.0020","url":null,"abstract":"Attention is specially directed to the following changes in the terms used to describe the electrical phenomena of living tissues :— Old term. New term. Negative phase, or first phase... Electro-positive phase, or first phase. Positive phase, or second phase Electro-negative phase, or second phase. Galvanometrically negative....... Positive, electro-positive. Galvanometrically positive....... Negative, electro-negative.","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rspl.1902.0020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61696898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the numerical computation of the functions G0(x), G1(x), and Jn(x√¯i)","authors":"W. S. Aldis","doi":"10.1098/rspl.1899.0069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1899.0069","url":null,"abstract":"1. The complete solution of the equation d2y/dx2 + 1/x · dy/dx ‒ (1+n2/x2)y = 0 May be written y = AIn(x)+BKn(x), where In(x) = ∑r=∞ r=0 (1/2x)n+2r/ II (r). II (n+r) ........ (1) ;","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rspl.1899.0069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61680586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"I. On the specific heats of gases at constant volume. (Preliminary note.)","authors":"J. Joly","doi":"10.1098/rspl.1888.0070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1888.0070","url":null,"abstract":"I have found it possible to obtain the specific heat of a gas at constant volume by means of the steam calorimeter, the values obtained being, I believe, reliable as close approximations to the true values. The first method of procedure adopted was to compress by means of a pump a certain quantity of dry air into a thin copper sphere, the sphere being then closed by a screw valve. The quantity of gas in the sphere is ascertained by weighing.","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rspl.1888.0070","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62313872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VII. Regional metamorphism","authors":"J. Prestwich","doi":"10.1098/rspl.1884.0120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1884.0120","url":null,"abstract":"Metamorphic rocks hare heen divided into two classes—1. Those in which local changes have heen caused by contact with heated eruptive rocks; 2. Those extending over wider areas, in which the rocks are in no apparent relation to eruptive or igneous rocks. The first has been termed Contact Metamorphism, and the second Normal or Regional Metamorphism, the latter two terms having been used to express the same phenomena and treated as synonymous. The object of this paper is briefly to show that there may be another cause for metamorphic action, for which, not to introduce a new term, I would propose to transfer and restrict the term of “ Metamorphism.\" Normal metamorphism I would confine to signify, as hitherto, the changes caused by the heat due to depth, on the supposi­ tion of the existence .of a heated central nucleus of the earth, while 1 would use the term regional metamorphism to denote changes effected by the agency of the physical causes to which Mr. Mallet referred the fusion of the volcanic rocks, namely, the heat produced locally within the crust of the earth by transformation into heat of the mechanical worh of compression, or of crushing of portions of that crust.* I was led to consider the importance of this action by the abnormal result presented in the distribution of the underground isotherms in the St. Gothard Tunnel, and which on looking into the question can only, as it seems to me, be attributed to the residual heat arising from the crushing of the rocks during the upheaval of tha t portion of the Alpine range, which is of very late geological date; and also by some cases in which the alteration in the rocks hardly seemed explicable upon the hypothesis either of ordinary contactor normal-metamorphism. This other source of heat had not been altogether overlooked by geologists, though only occasionally referred to as a secondary cause; but its actual importance had hardly been realised until Mallet inves­ tigated the subject experimentally and mathematically. He failed to show sufficient cause for the fusion of the volcanic rocks, bu t he drew attention to the enormous heat-producing power of certain earth movements. This power, inadequate though it may be to explain the phenomena of vulcanicity, is singularly applicable in explanation of some of the metamorphic phenomena exhibited in mountain ranges. The object of his experiments, however, having been to establish the maximum results to be attained by the force of compression, only bears indirectly on the collateral problem we are here considering. The primary object of Mr. M allet’s experiments was to ascertain","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rspl.1884.0120","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62323878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"II. On an electro-magnetic gyroscope","authors":"M. W. de Fonvielle","doi":"10.1098/rspl.1879.0122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1879.0122","url":null,"abstract":"I have the honour to submit to the Royal Society of London an apparatus which I have invented, after having witnessed an experiment by M. Dieudonné Lontin. The original Lontin experiment consists in the rapid and continuous rotation of a magnetised steel needle, placed under the influence of the currents of a peculiar induction machine.","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rspl.1879.0122","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62252219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anniversary Meeting. November 30, 1855","authors":"","doi":"10.1098/rspl.1854.0126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1854.0126","url":null,"abstract":"Mr. Cayley reported, on the part of the Auditors of the Treasurer’s Accounts, that the total receipts during the last year, including a balance of £1043 19s. 9 d.carried from the account of the preceding year, amounted to £3231 16s. 0 d.,and that the total payments in the same period, including £2000 invested in the Funds, amounted to £4531 5s. 5 d.,leaving a balance due to the Treasurer of £255 9s. 8 d. The thanks of the Society were voted to the Treasurer and Auditors.","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rspl.1854.0126","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62118372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Some remarks on the mechanism of respiration","authors":"F. L. Clark","doi":"10.1098/rspl.1871.0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1871.0030","url":null,"abstract":"G ros Clark, Surgeon to St. Thom as’s H ospital, M ember of Council and of the C ourt o f Exam iners of th e R oyal College of Surgeons, and late H un terian Professor of Surgery and Patho­ logy in the College, and E xam iner in Surgery a t th e Uni­ versity of London. C om m unicated by P . IVIartin D uncan, M .B ., F .R .S ., Professor of Geology in K ing ’s College, London. Received April 18, 1871*.","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rspl.1871.0030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62202973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the composition and variations of the pelvic plexus in Acanthias vulguris","authors":"R. Punnett","doi":"10.1098/rspl.1901.0082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1901.0082","url":null,"abstract":"Whilst recently engaged upon the development of the pelvic plexus in Mustelus Iœvis I was much struck with the amount of variation in the number and position of the nerves forming it. This led me at the time to examine all the material which I was able to procure, and the results obtained have been given in a previous paper (12, 1900). Believing, however, that, in Bateson’s words, “the facts of variation must be the test of phylogenetic possibility” (4, p. 30), I determined to examine a still larger number of specimens of some other species of shark.","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rspl.1901.0082","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61693007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"II. On the production of glycosuria by the effect of oxygenated blood on the liver","authors":"F. Pavy","doi":"10.1098/rspl.1875.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1875.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Instances of this are not wanting. Magnesium connected with platinum will decompose a magnesium salt, the almost insoluble hydrate of magnesium being found adhering to the negative metal. The deposition of zinc on the plates of an old-fashioned battery, when the battery is pretty well exhausted, is a well-known phe­ nomenon. In our experiments with copper and silver,in conjunction in a solution of nitrate of copper, we never succeeded in reducing the gal­ vanic action to nil by our utmost efforts to exclude all oxygen: and the whole of the present inquiry originated in an experiment described by us before the Physical Society, that mercury and gold in conjunction would decompose mercuric chloride with the deposition not only of the lower chloride, but also of metallic mercury upon the gold. 1875.] Dr. F. W. Pavy on the Production of Glycosuria. 51","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rspl.1875.0007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62225177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}