Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids最新文献

{"title":"Conversion of alpha-linolenic acid to palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic and oleic acids in men and women.","authors":"G C Burdge,&nbsp;S A Wootton","doi":"10.1016/s0952-3278(03)00111-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0952-3278(03)00111-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to determine whether adult humans can recycle carbon from alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) into saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated (MUFA) fatty acids. Six men and six women consumed 700 mg [U-13C]-18:3n-3. Blood was collected over 21 days and breath over 24h. [13C]-labelled SFA and MUFA were detected in plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC) and triacylglycerol (TAG). Total labelled fatty acid incorporation into SFA and MUFA was five- and 25-fold greater in PC than TAG in men and women, respectively. [13C]-16:0 was the major labelled fatty acid in both fractions. Total [13C] incorporation into SFA and MUFA was 20% greater in men than women, and related positively (r(2) = 0.35, P<0.05) to the fractional recovery of labelled 18:3n-3 as 13CO2 on breath. These results suggest that the extent of partitioning towards beta-oxidation and carbon recycling may regulate the availability of 18:3n-3 for conversion to longer-chain fatty acids.</p>","PeriodicalId":20659,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"69 4","pages":"283-90"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/s0952-3278(03)00111-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22520916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of fatty acids on the growth of Caco-2 cells.","authors":"Jean-Louis Nano,&nbsp;Christine Nobili,&nbsp;Fernand Girard-Pipau,&nbsp;Patrick Rampal","doi":"10.1016/s0952-3278(03)00083-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0952-3278(03)00083-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epidemiological studies suggest that polyunsaturated fatty acids may protect against colorectal neoplasia. In order to explore this observation, cell proliferation and viability, lipid composition, membrane fluidity, and lipid peroxidation were measured in Caco-2 cells after 48h incubation with various fatty acids. Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids incorporated less well in the membranes than polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). All of the PUFAs tested had an inhibitory effect on cell proliferation/viability whereas the saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids did not. Addition of palmitic acid had no significant effect on membrane fluidity whereas unsaturated fatty acids increased membrane fluidity in a dose-dependent manner. PUFAs strongly increased tumor cell lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner. Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids increased lipid peroxidation in this cell line only at high concentration. Preincubation of Caco-2 cells with vitamin E prevented the inhibition of proliferation/viability, the elevation of the MDA concentration and the increased membrane fluidity induced by PUFAs. Our data indicate that PUFAs are potent inhibitors of the growth of colon cancer cells in vitro.</p>","PeriodicalId":20659,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"69 4","pages":"207-15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/s0952-3278(03)00083-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22520806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The fluidity of the serum phospholipids of Fulani pastoralists consuming a high-fat diet.","authors":"R H Glew,&nbsp;V A Torres,&nbsp;Y-S Huang,&nbsp;L-T Chuang,&nbsp;D J VanderJagt","doi":"10.1016/s0952-3278(03)00091-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0952-3278(03)00091-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The semi-nomadic cattle Fulani of northern Nigeria consume a diet rich in saturated fatty acids. Since the quality of an individual's dietary fat can influence the fatty acid composition of their membrane phospholipids (PL), we investigated the effect consumption of relatively large amounts of saturated fat might have on the fatty acid composition and fluidity of the serum PL of the Fulani. We obtained blood serum from 112 Fulani pastoralists (38 males, 74 females) 15-77 years of age and determined the serum fatty acid composition of the total PL fraction of each specimen. Our results indicate that the PL of the Fulani were enriched for saturated fatty acids. The unsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio was 1.02 for the Fulani PL compared to 1.22-2.08 for seven other reference groups drawn from published reports. In addition, the mean melting point (MMP) of the fatty acyl chains of the serum PL of the Fulani was considerably higher than that of the reference populations (MMP, 30.6 degrees C versus 21.3-26.1 degrees C, respectively). The double bond index (DBI) of the serum PL of the Fulani was much lower than that of the PL of the groups against which comparisons were made (DBI, 0.98 versus 1.24-1.43, respectively). Since serum PL and tissue PL are in dynamic equilibrium, these findings suggest that the tissue PL of the Fulani we studied has considerably less fluid character than those of other populations. Since a variety of membrane functions depend on the fluid property of the acyl chains of their constituent PL, it is conceivable that certain critical membrane-dependent systems, including receptor-ligand interactions, solute transport, enzyme activity and lateral movement of macromolecules, are affected in the Fulani.</p>","PeriodicalId":20659,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"69 4","pages":"245-52"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/s0952-3278(03)00091-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22521360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of taurolidine and octreotide on tumor growth and lipid peroxidation after staging-laparoscopy in ductal pancreatic cancer.","authors":"M Kilian,&nbsp;I Mautsch,&nbsp;C Braumann,&nbsp;I Schimke,&nbsp;H Guski,&nbsp;C A Jacobi,&nbsp;F A Wenger","doi":"10.1016/s0952-3278(03)00108-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0952-3278(03)00108-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Irrigation with taurolidine after laparoscopy decreases tumor growth in colon carcinoma. In pancreatic cancer subcutaneous therapy with octreotide decreases oxidative stress and carcinogenesis as well. However, it is still unclear, whether irrigation with taurolidine or octreotide after laparoscopic pancreatic biopsy reduces tumor growth in pancreatic cancer as well. In 60 Syrian hamsters ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma was induced by weekly injection of 10mg/kg body weight N-nitrosobis-2-oxopropylamine s.c. for 10 weeks. In week 16 laparoscopic pancreatic biopsy by use of carbon dioxide was performed (gr. 1, n = 20) with subsequent laparoscopic irrigation with taurolidine (gr. 2, n = 20) or octreotide (gr. 3, n = 20). In week 25 hamsters were sacrificed. Our results show that macroscopic visible primary tumors were found in only one animal of the taurolidine group (5.9%), compared to 42.1% in the saline and 62.5% in the octreotide group (P<0.05). Carcinomas were smaller after saline (6+/-23 mm(2)) than after octreotide irrigation (70+/-120 mm(2), P<0.05). In conclusion this study showed that laparoscopic irrigation with taurolidine after pancreatic biopsy inhibited tumor growth in ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":20659,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"69 4","pages":"261-7"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/s0952-3278(03)00108-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22521362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Levels of expression of lipoxygenases and cyclooxygenase-2 in human breast cancer.","authors":"Wen G Jiang,&nbsp;Anthony Douglas-Jones,&nbsp;Robert E Mansel","doi":"10.1016/s0952-3278(03)00110-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0952-3278(03)00110-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lipoxygenases and cyclooxygenase are key mediators of arachidonic acid metabolism. The eicosanoids metabolites from these oxygynases have been shown to regulate the growth and death of cancer cells. This study determined the level of expression of 5-, 12-, 15-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in a cohort of breast cancer patients and their correlation with clinical outcomes. Compared with normal breast tissues, tumour tissues exhibited a significantly higher levels of 12-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase-2 (P<0.05), and significantly lower level of 15-lipoxygenase (P=0.05). Lobular carcinomas had a higher level of cyclooxygenase-2 and lower level of 15-lipoxygenase than ductal carcinomas. The lowest level of 15-lipoxygenase was seen in TNM3 and TNM4 tumours and from patients who died of breast cancer. Levels of 12- and 5-lipoxygenases were also particularly high in tumours from patients who died of breast cancer. This study shows that human breast tumours aberrantly express lipoxygenases and cyclooxygenase-2 and that decreased level of 15-lipoxygenase and raised level of cyclooxygenase-2 and 12-lipoxygenase has prognostic value in patients with breast cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":20659,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"69 4","pages":"275-81"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/s0952-3278(03)00110-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22520915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macrolide antibiotics inhibit prostaglandin E2 synthesis and mRNA expression of prostaglandin synthetic enzymes in human leukocytes.","authors":"Michiko Miyazaki,&nbsp;Masafumi Zaitsu,&nbsp;Kinji Honjo,&nbsp;Eiichi Ishii,&nbsp;Yuhei Hamasaki","doi":"10.1016/s0952-3278(03)00089-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0952-3278(03)00089-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated the action of macrolide antibiotics, which are considered to have anti-inflammatory activity, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated prostaglandin (PG) E2 synthesis and the expression of mRNAs for cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), cyclooxygenase (COX)-1, and COX-2 in human leukocytes. The production of LPS-stimulated PGE2 was significantly increased in peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) and in mononuclear leukocytes (MNLs). Amounts of mRNAs for COX-2 and cPLA2, but not for COX-1, were enhanced by LPS in PMNLs and MNLs. The LPS-enhanced PGE2 synthesis and the expression of cPLA2 and COX-2 mRNAs were inhibited by clarithromycin, azithromycin and dexamethasone in PMNLs and MNLs. The mRNA expression of COX-1 in PMNLs was decreased by clarithromycin and azithromycin. Macrolide antibiotics inhibited PGE2 synthesis in human leukocytes by suppressing cPLA2, COX-1, and COX-2 mRNA expression. These data indicate one mechanism of macrolide anti-inflammatory activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":20659,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"69 4","pages":"229-35"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/s0952-3278(03)00089-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22521358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism of garlic (Allium sativum) induced reduction of hypertension in 2K-1C rats: a possible mediation of Na/H exchanger isoform-1.","authors":"K K Al-Qattan,&nbsp;I Khan,&nbsp;M A Alnaqeeb,&nbsp;M Ali","doi":"10.1016/s0952-3278(03)00087-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0952-3278(03)00087-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Garlic causes reduction in blood pressure (BP), however the role of Na/H exchanger (NHE) which mediates hypertension and related tissue-damage is poorly understood. In this study the effect of an established dose of raw garlic extract was investigated on the expression of NHE-1 and -3 and sodium pump activity in a 2K-1C model of hypertension in rats. 2K-1C animals showed high BP, increased serum concentration of PGE2 and TxB2, hypertrophy of the unclipped kidneys, but not in the clipped kidneys In addition, NHE-1 and NHE-3 isoforms were increased in both the 2K-1C kidneys, whereas alpha-actin was increased in the clipped but not in unclipped kidneys. Sodium pump activity was decreased in the clipped kidneys, but remained unchanged in the unclipped kidneys. Garlic treatment reduced the induction of NHE-1 only in the unclipped 2K-1C kidneys, whereas garlic treatment increased the sodium pump activity in both the 2K-1C kidneys. These findings demonstrate that the antihypertensive action of garlic is associated with a reversal of NHE-1 induction in the unclipped kidneys. Induction of NHE isoforms together with a reduced sodium pump activity might cause necrosis in the 2K-1C clipped kidneys due to cellular retention of Na+. On the other hand, activation of sodium pump by garlic extract in the kidneys should reduce intracellular Na+ concentration and normalize BP. These findings signify the use of garlic in the treatment of hypertension.</p>","PeriodicalId":20659,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"69 4","pages":"217-22"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/s0952-3278(03)00087-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22521356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of captopril and losartan on lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and nitric oxide release in diabetic rat kidney.","authors":"Dilek Yavuz,&nbsp;Belgin Küçükkaya,&nbsp;Goncagül Haklar,&nbsp;Onder Ersöz,&nbsp;Emel Akoğlu,&nbsp;Sema Akalin","doi":"10.1016/s0952-3278(03)00088-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0952-3278(03)00088-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increased oxidative stress has an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of renin-anigiotensin system blockage, either by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition or angiotensin receptor blockage, on oxidative stress and nitric oxide release in diabetic rat kidneys. After induction of diabetes, six rats were given captopril, six rats were given losartan, and six rats served as diabetic controls. Six healthy rats were also included. At the end of an 8-week period nitric oxide release, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation were measured in kidney cortices, and urinary albumin excretion (UAE) was determined in 24-h urine samples. Losartan- and captopril-treated diabetic rats had lower levels of UAE than diabetic controls. Diabetic rats had higher levels of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation compared to healthy rats. NO release was significantly lower in diabetic groups than healthy controls. UAE levels showed a positive correlation with lipid peroxidation and a negative correlation with NO release. Inhibition of lipid peroxidation could be one of the protective mechanisms of renin-angiotensin axis inhibition in diabetic kidney tissues.</p>","PeriodicalId":20659,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"69 4","pages":"223-7"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/s0952-3278(03)00088-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22521357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential role of dietary omega-3 essential fatty acids on some oxidant/antioxidant parameters in rats' corpus striatum.","authors":"Mustafa Sarsilmaz,&nbsp;Ahmet Songur,&nbsp;Hüseyin Ozyurt,&nbsp;Ilter Kuş,&nbsp;Oğuz Aslan Ozen,&nbsp;Birsen Ozyurt,&nbsp;Sadik Söğüt,&nbsp;Omer Akyol","doi":"10.1016/s0952-3278(03)00107-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0952-3278(03)00107-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Omega-3 (omega-3) is an essential fatty acid (EFA) found in large amounts in fish oil. It contains eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). DHA is one of the building structures of membrane phospholipids of brain and necessary for continuity of neuronal functions. Evidences support the hypothesis that schizophrenia may be the result of increased reactive oxygen species mediated neuronal injury. Recent reports also suggest the protective effect of omega-3 EFA against neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia. This study proposed to assess the changes in antioxidant enzyme and oxidant parameters in the corpus striatum (CS) of rats fed with omega-3 EFA diet (0.4g/kg/day) for 30 days. Eight control rats and nine rats fed with omega-3 were decapitated under ether anesthesia, and CS was removed immediately. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and nitric oxide (NO) levels as well as total superoxide dismutase (t-SOD) and xanthine oxidase (XO) enzyme activities in the CS were measured. Rats treated with omega-3 EFA had significantly lower values of TBARS (P<0.001), NO (P<0.002) and XO (P<0.005) whereas higher values of t-SOD enzyme activity (P<0.002) than the control rats. These results indicate that omega-3 EFA rich fish oil diet reduces some oxidant parameters in CS. This may be revealed by means of reduced CS TBARS levels as an end product of lipid peroxidation of membranes in treated rats. Additionally, reduced XO activity and NO levels may support this notion. On the other hand, although the mechanism is not clear, omega-3 EFA may indirectly enhance the activity of antioxidant enzyme t-SOD. Taken together, this preliminary animal study provides strong support for a therapeutic effect of omega-3 EFA supplemented to classical neuroleptic regimen in the treatment of schizophrenic symptoms and tardive dyskinesia.</p>","PeriodicalId":20659,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"69 4","pages":"253-9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/s0952-3278(03)00107-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22521361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased risk of postpartum depressive symptoms is associated with slower normalization after pregnancy of the functional docosahexaenoic acid status.","authors":"S J Otto,&nbsp;R H M de Groot,&nbsp;G Hornstra","doi":"10.1016/s0952-3278(03)00090-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0952-3278(03)00090-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Observational studies suggest an association between a low docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) status after pregnancy and the occurrence of postpartum depression. However, a comparison of the actual biochemical plasma DHA status among women with and without postpartum depression has not been reported yet. The contents of DHA and of its status indicator n-6 docosapentaenoic acid (n-6DPA, 22:5n-6) were measured in the plasma phospholipids of 112 women at delivery and 32 weeks postpartum. At this latter time point, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) questionnaire was completed to measure postpartum depression retrospectively. The EPDS cutoff score of 10 was used to define 'possibly depressed' (EPDS score > or =10) and non-depressed women (EPDS score <10). Odds ratios (OR) were calculated using a multiple logistic regression analysis with the EPDS cutoff score as dependent and fatty acid concentrations and ratio's as explanatory variables, while controlling for different covariables. The results demonstrated that the postpartum increase of the functional DHA status, expressed as the ratio DHA/n-6DPA, was significantly lower in the 'possibly depressed' group compared to the non-depressed group (2.34+/-5.56 versus 4.86+/-5.41, respectively; OR=0.88, P=0.03). Lactating women were not more predisposed than non-lactating women were to develop depressive symptoms. From this observation it seems that the availability of DHA in the postpartum period is less in women developing depressive symptoms. Although further studies are needed for confirmation, increasing the dietary DHA intake during pregnancy and postpartum, seems prudent.</p>","PeriodicalId":20659,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"69 4","pages":"237-43"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/s0952-3278(03)00090-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22521359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}