Proceedings of the Association of American Physicians最新文献

Phospholipase A2 enzymes in eicosanoid generation. 磷脂酶A2在类二十烷生成中的作用。

Proceedings of the Association of American Physicians Pub Date : 1999-11-01 DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1381.1999.99321.x

C O Bingham, K F Austen

引用次数: 71

Human herpesvirus 8: is it a tumor virus? 人类疱疹病毒8:它是一种肿瘤病毒吗?

Proceedings of the Association of American Physicians Pub Date : 1999-11-01 DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1381.1999.99250.x

F Neipel, J C Albrecht, B Fleckenstein

{"title":"Human herpesvirus 8: is it a tumor virus?","authors":"F Neipel, J C Albrecht, B Fleckenstein","doi":"10.1046/j.1525-1381.1999.99250.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1381.1999.99250.x","url":null,"abstract":"Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), also termed Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) biopsy specimens in 1994. The epidemiological data available to date indicate a strong association of HHV-8 with KS. It appears that HHV-8 is necessary for KS development. HHV-8 DNA is invariably found in all epidemiological forms of KS and primary effusion lymphomas. In contrast, HHV-8 DNA is rarely found in various tumor and nontumor tissues from patient groups not at risk of KS. Although current serology does not allow us to assess the HHV-8 prevalence in the general population, high titers of HHV-8 antibodies are almost exclusively found in KS risk groups. In addition, HHV-8 seroconversion has been shown to precede KS development. The mechanisms and genes involved in HHV-8 pathogenesis are less clear. HHV-8 belongs to a family of transforming viruses, and several candidate oncogenes have been identified by using rodent fibroblast transformation assays. However, expression of most of these genes could not be shown in latently infected tumor cells. As the HHV-8 genome encodes several cytokines and cytokine receptor homologues, HHV-8 may also promote KS pathogenesis through paraendocrine mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":20612,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Association of American Physicians","volume":"111 6","pages":"594-601"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21449063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

The biology of 5-lipoxygenase: function, structure, and regulatory mechanisms. 5-脂氧合酶的生物学:功能、结构和调控机制。

Proceedings of the Association of American Physicians Pub Date : 1999-11-01 DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1381.1999.t01-1-99231.x

E S Silverman, J M Drazen

引用次数: 46

Asthma therapy with agents preventing leukotriene synthesis or action. 用阻止白三烯合成或作用的药物治疗哮喘。

Proceedings of the Association of American Physicians Pub Date : 1999-11-01 DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1381.1999.t01-1-99242.x

J M Drazen

引用次数: 41

Prospective measure of serum 3-nitrotyrosine levels in systemic lupus erythematosus: correlation with disease activity. 系统性红斑狼疮患者血清中 3-硝基酪氨酸水平的前瞻性测量：与疾病活动的相关性。

Proceedings of the Association of American Physicians Pub Date : 1999-11-01 DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1381.1999.99110.x

J C Oates, E F Christensen, C M Reilly, S E Self, G S Gilkeson

{"title":"Prospective measure of serum 3-nitrotyrosine levels in systemic lupus erythematosus: correlation with disease activity.","authors":"J C Oates, E F Christensen, C M Reilly, S E Self, G S Gilkeson","doi":"10.1046/j.1525-1381.1999.99110.x","DOIUrl":"10.1046/j.1525-1381.1999.99110.x","url":null,"abstract":"Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypical autoimmune disease. Overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in its pathogenesis. Several retrospective studies have indicated a correlation between serum nitrate and nitrite (NOx) and disease activity. This measure of NO production can be falsely elevated by exogenous dietary and medication sources of NOx and variably reduced by serum thiols. These variables can make NOx a less reliable tool for studying the role of NO in SLE. Peroxynitrite, a by-product of NO and superoxide, nitrates tyrosine moieties. The resulting 3-nitrotyrosine (3NT) serves as a long-term indicator of NO-mediated protein modifications that is not affected by exogenous sources of NOx or serum thiols. We hypothesized that for these reasons serum 3NT levels would correlate with lupus disease activity more significantly than serum NOx. To address this hypothesis, we prospectively evaluated lupus disease activity, serum protein 3NT levels, and NOx levels in a cohort of lupus patients at 3-month intervals. Serum 3NT correlated with disease activity among African-Americans, while NOx correlated with disease activity among Caucasians. Subjects with active lupus nephritis had higher levels of serum 3NT than those without renal disease. Immunohistochemical analysis of renal biopsies from subjects with active proliferative lupus nephritis revealed renal expression of inducible NO synthase. The results of this study suggest that overproduction of NO may play a pathogenic role in SLE and lupus nephritis. Serum 3NT may be a useful, new tool for studying the contributions of NO to the pathogenesis of SLE.","PeriodicalId":20612,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Association of American Physicians","volume":"111 6","pages":"611-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21448992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hepatitis viruses: their role in human cancer. 肝炎病毒:它们在人类癌症中的作用

Proceedings of the Association of American Physicians Pub Date : 1999-11-01 DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1381.1999.t01-1-99240.x

D W Bradley

引用次数: 25

Epstein-Barr virus: the first human tumor virus and its role in cancer. eb病毒:第一个人类肿瘤病毒及其在癌症中的作用。

Proceedings of the Association of American Physicians Pub Date : 1999-11-01 DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1381.1999.t01-1-99220.x

J S Pagano

引用次数: 111

The biochemical, molecular, and genomic aspects of leukotriene C4 synthase. 白三烯C4合成酶的生化、分子和基因组方面。

Proceedings of the Association of American Physicians Pub Date : 1999-11-01 DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1381.1999.99212.x

J F Penrose, K F Austen

{"title":"The biochemical, molecular, and genomic aspects of leukotriene C4 synthase.","authors":"J F Penrose, K F Austen","doi":"10.1046/j.1525-1381.1999.99212.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1381.1999.99212.x","url":null,"abstract":"Leukotriene C4 (LTC4) synthase is an 18 kD integral membrane enzyme of the 5-lipoxygenase/LTC4 synthase pathway and is positioned as the pivotal and only committed enzyme for the formation of the cysteinyl leukotrienes. Although its function is to conjugate catalytically LTA4 to reduced glutathione, LTC4 synthase is differentiated from other glutathione S-transferase family members by its lack of amino acid homology, substrate specificity, and kinetics. LTC4 synthase (LTC4S) protein is present in the perinuclear membranes of a limited number of hematopoietic cells involved in allergic inflammation, including mast cells, eosinophils, basophils, and macrophages. The cDNA encodes a monomeric protein of 150 amino acids with three hydrophobic domains interspersed with two hydrophilic loops. Site-directed mutagenic studies reveal that the enzyme functions as a homodimer and that arginine-51 in the first hydrophilic loop, and tyrosine-93 in the second hydrophilic loop, are involved in the acid and base catalysis of LTA4 and glutathione, respectively. Homology and secondary structural predictions indicate that LTC4S is a novel member of a new gene superfamily of integral membrane proteins, each with the capacity to participate in leukotriene biosynthesis. The gene for LTC4S is 2.5 kb in length and is localized on chromosome 5q35, distal to that of the genes for cytokines and receptors important in the development and perpetuation of allergic inflammation. Immunohistochemical studies of mucosal biopsies from the bronchi of aspirin-intolerant asthmatics show that LTC4S is overrepresented in individuals with this phenotype, and this finding correlates with overproduction of cysteinyl leukotrienes and lysine-aspirin bronchial hyperreactivity.","PeriodicalId":20612,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Association of American Physicians","volume":"111 6","pages":"537-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21449179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 31

Thematic review series. XI: Viruses in the origin of human cancer. Introduction and overview. 专题评论系列。十一:人类癌症起源中的病毒。引言和概述。

Proceedings of the Association of American Physicians Pub Date : 1999-11-01 DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1381.1999.99992.x

R C Gallo

引用次数: 3

Papillomaviruses in human cancers. 人类癌症中的乳头瘤病毒。

Proceedings of the Association of American Physicians Pub Date : 1999-11-01 DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1381.1999.99723.x

H zur Hausen

{"title":"Papillomaviruses in human cancers.","authors":"H zur Hausen","doi":"10.1046/j.1525-1381.1999.99723.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1381.1999.99723.x","url":null,"abstract":"Papillomaviruses have proved to be the most complex group of human pathogenic viruses. Eighty-five genotypes have been fully characterized; approximately 120 additional isolates represent only partially characterized putative novel genotypes. Specific types, most notably human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16, 18, and a few others, have been shown to cause the majority of cervical cancers and their high-grade precursor lesions. The viral oncogenes E6 and E7 are required for the initiation and maintenance of the malignant phenotype in HPV-positive cancers. Proteins coded by these genes are multifunctional and interfere with important cell cycle regulatory proteins. Expression of viral oncogenes is tightly controlled in nondifferentiated keratinocytes by at least two signaling cascades, one operative at the functional level, the other at the transcriptional level. The latter has been partially characterized. Papillomaviruses are also suspected of playing a role in a subset of oropharyngeal cancers, in squamous cell cancers of the skin, and possibly also in esophageal cancers. Clinical trials are being conducted to test the preventive and therapeutic efficacy of HPV vaccines, directed particularly against HPV 16 and 18. If proven to be effective, their global application should have a measurable effect on the worldwide incidence of cancer.","PeriodicalId":20612,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Association of American Physicians","volume":"111 6","pages":"581-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21449058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0