Phospholipase A2 enzymes in eicosanoid generation.

Proceedings of the Association of American Physicians Pub Date : 1999-11-01 DOI:10.1046/j.1525-1381.1999.99321.x

C O Bingham, K F Austen

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引用次数: 71

Abstract

Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes cleave esterified fatty acids from membrane glycerophospholipids. The 20-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acid, arachidonic acid, is used as substrate by intermediate enzymes for the generation of eicosanoids, including leukotrienes and prostanoid products. An expanding number of PLA2 enzymes has now been identified that may participate in arachidonic acid release and thus serve a rate-limiting role in eicosanoid biosynthesis. Cellular PLA2 function for various members is regulated by constitutive or elicited expression, as well as by posttranslational events such as phosphorylation. In addition, the function of some cellular PLA2 enzymes is regulated by a requirement for calcium or by localization to a particular subcellular compartment. Finally, some PLA2 enzymes are secreted from the cell where they may directly interact with plasma membrane or transmembrane receptors to function as autocrine or paracrine mediators. Evaluating the roles of a number of these functionally similar PLA2 enzymes in the biosynthesis of leukotrienes and other eicosanoids is the focus of this review.

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磷脂酶A2在类二十烷生成中的作用。

磷脂酶A2 (PLA2)酶从膜甘油磷脂中切割酯化脂肪酸。20碳多不饱和脂肪酸花生四烯酸被中间酶用作底物，用于生成类二十烷，包括白三烯和类前列腺素产品。越来越多的PLA2酶现在已经被确定可能参与花生四烯酸的释放，从而在类二十烷生物合成中起限速作用。细胞中各种成员的PLA2功能受组成或诱导表达以及磷酸化等翻译后事件的调节。此外，一些细胞PLA2酶的功能受钙需求或特定亚细胞区室定位的调节。最后，一些PLA2酶从细胞分泌，它们可以直接与质膜或跨膜受体相互作用，作为自分泌或旁分泌介质。评价这些功能相似的PLA2酶在白三烯和其他类二十烷生物合成中的作用是本综述的重点。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Proceedings of the Association of American Physicians

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