Macromolecular Rapid Communications最新文献

{"title":"A Chemically Recyclable 1,3,5-Triazine-Based Epoxy Thermoset Enabled by Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Reaction.","authors":"Yi-Ru Chen, Fabian Eisenreich, A Catarina C Esteves, Željko Tomović","doi":"10.1002/marc.70422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.70422","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Developing recyclable thermosets without sacrificing structural integrity remains a significant hurdle in polymer circularity. In this study, we present a high-performance, chemically recyclable epoxy thermoset based on 1,3,5-triazine, demonstrating significant advancements in material recyclability and application potential. Utilizing liquid precursors, that is a trifunctional epoxy monomer (TOMTA) and a strategically selected secondary aromatic diamine hardener (MBMA), a cross-linked network with a well-defined architecture was produced under bulk conditions. The resulting thermoset exhibited exceptional thermal and mechanical properties as evidenced by a high glass transition temperature (T_g = 105°C), thermal stability (T_d5% = 256°C), a Young's modulus of 3.0 GPa, and a tensile strength of 96 MPa, placing the material in the same performance range of conventional epoxy resins. Driven by an optimized binary K₂CO₃/TBD catalytic system in ethanol, the network underwent depolymerization enabled by a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction (S_NAr), yielding the well-defined building blocks TETA and the tetraol BDHPPM in 70% and 65%, respectively, via straightforward liquid-liquid extraction. Re-crosslinking these recovered building blocks regenerated the network, preserving nearly identical properties across multiple recycling cycles. The system was further applied as a debondable coating for glass. This 1,3,5-triazine-based network utilizing S_NAr chemistry provides a robust route to high-performance, recyclable epoxy thermosets.</p>","PeriodicalId":205,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Rapid Communications","volume":" ","pages":"e70422"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148899964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cononsolvency-Assisted Fabrication of Hydrogels and Microgels With Tunable Porosity, Diffusivity and Stiffness.","authors":"Maria I Pieper, Daniel D Stöbener, Bernhard Häßel, Richard Hoogenboom, Andrij Pich","doi":"10.1002/marc.70423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.70423","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Porous materials including hydrogels offer high potential for applications requiring controlled mass transport, cell infiltration, and mechanical properties, such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, or soft robotics. We report a facile method for the synthesis of hydrogels and microgels with tunable porosity, offering control over diffusivity and mechanical properties. By exploiting the cononsolvency of polymers based on dimethylacrylamide (DMAAm) and hydroxyethylacrylamide (HEAAm) in water-acetonitrile mixtures, we produce porous networks with adjustable pore sizes up to several micrometers by varying the acetonitrile content in aqueous solution used during synthesis. The adjustment of the pore size by variation of the solvent mixture allows for fine-tuning of the hydrogel and microgel mechanical and diffusion properties with stiffnesses ranging from a few kPa up to more than 100 kPa and diffusion coefficients of 4 kDa FITC-dextran varying from 50 to over 130 µm² s^-1. Detailed analyses using optical microscopy, (cryo-)scanning electron microscopy, rheology, nanoindentation, and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching confirm the dependence of the observed properties on the network morphology and the similarity of the pore size and interconnectivity between hydrogel and microgel samples. The obtained hydrogels and microgels show strong potential for applications in bioengineering, sensing, and responsive materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":205,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Rapid Communications","volume":" ","pages":"e70423"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148896273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic Biomaterial: A Platform for Biomedical Applications With Multiple Preparation Strategies","authors":"Hanbing Duan,&nbsp;Shuo Feng,&nbsp;Yonggang Lv","doi":"10.1002/marc.70354","DOIUrl":"10.1002/marc.70354","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Conventional static biomaterials possess relatively stable physicochemical properties after fabrication or implantation, which limits their ability to adapt to dynamically changing physiological microenvironments. In contrast, dynamic biomaterials can undergo controllable or programmable changes to regulate their physicochemical properties in response to external or endogenous stimuli, thereby providing improved spatiotemporal adaptability for biomedical applications. In this review, dynamic biomaterials are systematically discussed from a physical-cue-centered perspective, focusing on stimulus-responsive changes in stiffness, surface morphology, and shape programmability rather than classification solely by stimulus type or material composition. The responsive mechanisms, preparation strategies, and representative stimuli, including light, temperature, pH, ions, and magnetic fields, are summarized and critically analyzed. Recent biomedical applications in tissue engineering, drug delivery, minimally invasive therapy, and intelligent biomedical devices are further highlighted. Finally, current challenges involving long-term biosafety, mechanical durability, manufacturability, and clinical translation are discussed, together with future perspectives for multifunctional, multi-stimuli-responsive, and spatiotemporally programmable dynamic biomaterials.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":205,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Rapid Communications","volume":"47 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148589746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymer Platelets via Crystallization-Driven Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers: Precision Growth, Structural Complexity and Emerging Functions","authors":"Zhiqiang Gao,&nbsp;Xianming Zhang,&nbsp;Zaizai Tong","doi":"10.1002/marc.70376","DOIUrl":"10.1002/marc.70376","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA) provides a versatile route to low-curvature polymer nanostructures with controlled dimensions and hierarchical organization. 2D platelets represent a particularly important class of CDSA assemblies, combining ordered crystalline cores, accessible surfaces, and chemically programmable coronas. These features make them well-suited for precision structural engineering and functional integration. In this Review, recent advances in the preparation and application of 2D platelets are discussed. We summarize strategies for preparing uniform 2D platelets with controlled dimensions, discuss the key factors governing heteroepitaxial crystallization, and highlight flat-on epitaxial growth as a route to structurally complex 2D platelet architectures. This review also examines emerging strategies for constructing 2D hollow platelets through selective disassembly. Finally, it highlights the applications of 2D platelets in catalysis, biomedicine, optical encoding and energy transport, and provides an outlook on remaining challenges in mechanistic understanding, scalable synthesis and functional transformation. These advances establish 2D platelets as programmable crystalline soft-matter platforms for next-generation functional nanomaterials.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":205,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Rapid Communications","volume":"47 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148534628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Adding Cyclodextrin Derivatives on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Glassy Polymers","authors":"Rinsei Toda,&nbsp;Kenji Yamaoka,&nbsp;Yoshinori Takashima","doi":"10.1002/marc.70371","DOIUrl":"10.1002/marc.70371","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The use of naturally derived materials for reinforcing and modifying polymer materials contributes to the development of sustainable polymer materials and reduces petroleum consumption. Cyclodextrin (CD) derivatives are promising naturally derived additives for reinforcing and modifying polymer materials. In this study, we investigated the influence of triacetylated γ-cyclodextrin (TAcγCD) addition and pseudorotaxane formation on the mechanical and thermal properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) to elucidate the reinforcement mechanism. The incorporated TAcγCD primarily reinforced PMMA by acting as a rigid filler, with the reinforcement behavior following the Guth–Gold equation. Notably, pseudorotaxane formation slightly increased the Young's modulus compared to the value predicted by the equation, suggesting that pseudorotaxane formation may provide a modest additional contribution beyond conventional filler reinforcement. In addition, the glass transition temperature (<i>T</i>_g) was maintained upon the incorporation of TAcγCD, indicating that TAcγCD does not act as a plasticizer in PMMA. These findings indicate the potential of CD derivatives as naturally derived additives for reinforcing and modifying glassy polymers, thereby contributing to the development of polymer materials compatible with sustainable societies.</p>","PeriodicalId":205,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Rapid Communications","volume":"47 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/marc.70371","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148467877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reprocessable Vitrimers From Post-Consumer Polyolefin Blends: Elucidating Phase-Selective Dynamic Networks","authors":"Subhaprad Ash,&nbsp;Rishi Sharma,&nbsp;Li Xie,&nbsp;Muhammad Rabnawaz","doi":"10.1002/marc.70373","DOIUrl":"10.1002/marc.70373","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Reprocessable and recyclable polyolefin (PO) vitrimers can be used as alternatives to conventional non-recyclable thermosets. While recent studies have successfully demonstrated dynamic network formation in virgin POs, the application of dynamic covalent chemistry in post-consumer mixed POs remains unexplored. Herein, we report the first reactive melt extrusion approach that utilizes nitroxide-mediated silyl ether chemistry to produce post-consumer high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene (PP) blended vitrimers. Key findings show that the fully formulated 75:25 wt./wt. HDPE/PP vitrimer creates a covalently crosslinked network with a storage modulus of &gt;1 MPa at 220°C. Thermomechanical benchmarking against a permanent epoxy-ester thermoset reveals that the upcycled vitrimer combines thermoset-like dimensional stability above 180°C with dynamic melt-reprocessability, albeit with a modulus above its melting transition that is lower than the permanent network. For the first time, 2D wideline separation (2D WISE) solid-state NMR was used to qualitatively validate highly phase-selective crosslinking. This is the first study that establishes vitrimer formation from mixed post-consumer PO blends, thus providing a scalable upcycling pathway for municipal solid waste.</p>","PeriodicalId":205,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Rapid Communications","volume":"47 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/marc.70373","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148534658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Synchrotron X-Ray Analysis and Morphology Evidence for Stereo-Assemblies of Periodic Aggregates in Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) With Unusual Photonic Iridescence”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/marc.70385","DOIUrl":"10.1002/marc.70385","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Y.-H. Liao, S. Nagarajan, E. M. Woo, W.-T. Chuang, and Y.-W. Tsai, “Synchrotron X-Ray Analysis and Morphology Evidence for Stereo-Assemblies of Periodic Aggregates in Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) With Unusual Photonic Iridescence,” &lt;i&gt;Macromolecular Rapid Communications&lt;/i&gt; 42, no. 14 (2021): 2100281, https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.202100281.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;After the previous Correction was published (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/marc.202500453), some additional errors were discovered, relating to Figure 3 in the main text of the article and Figure S3 in the Supporting Information document. These came about during manuscript preparation. We would therefore like to note the following to readers:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;First, the previous Correction referred to Figures 3 and S3 as containing “the same two panels”. By this, we mean that both figures contain two panels of the same type—the (a) panels show band spacings, while the (b) panels show growth rates (µ/sec). However, we wish to emphasize that the two materials are different – Figure 3 reports on the PHB/&lt;b&gt;PTA&lt;/b&gt; (75/25) blend, whereas Figure S3 reports on the PHB/&lt;b&gt;PEO&lt;/b&gt; (75/25) blend.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Second, Figure 3 needs to be replaced with the following new image. The error occurred during figure assembly and does not affect the original POM micrographs, raw measurements, or conclusions regarding the crystal assembly mechanism. Panel (a) should have contained the results for PHB/&lt;b&gt;PTA&lt;/b&gt;, but these were misplaced during manuscript preparation by the results for PHB/&lt;b&gt;PEO&lt;/b&gt; (which were already reported in Figure S3a). The band-spacing values used to construct the corrected Figure 3a were measured directly from the nine POM micrographs presented in Figure 1. The new image contains an updated caption that better refers to the two sub-figures. In addition, the “Growth Rate” (y-axis) units in Figure 3b should have been “µm/s”, now corrected.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Figure 3: (a) Band spacing profile, and (b) growth rates (µm/s) of PHB/PTA (75/25) blend crystallized at various T&lt;sub&gt;c&lt;/sub&gt;’s.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Relatedly, this mix up with the two materials has meant that some statements in the original article should now be considered erroneous. This includes our discussion on the band spacing maximum and the broadening around 45°C (starting from page 4, left column, line 20), which we also mentioned in our previous Correction. It now properly refers only to the PHB/&lt;b&gt;PEO&lt;/b&gt; (75/25) blend and to Figure S3a. Likewise, another statement (page 5, left column, lines 34–36) should thus now read: “The only difference between the PHB/PEO and PHB/PTA systems is that the band spacing in the former system is &lt;b&gt;smaller&lt;/b&gt; than that of the latter.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Figure S3 also needs to be replaced with the following new image. The original caption label in Figure S3a was erroneously labeled as “(B)” when it should have been “(a)”. In addition, the “Growth Rate” (y-axis) units in Figure S3b should have been “µm/s”, now corrected.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;F","PeriodicalId":205,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Rapid Communications","volume":"47 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/marc.70385","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148652544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topological Stress Dissipation in Amorphous Elastomers Crosslinked by Polyrotaxanes with Poly(ε-Caprolactone-co-δ-Valerolactone) Side-Chains","authors":"Zifan Zhang,&nbsp;Li Liu","doi":"10.1002/marc.70379","DOIUrl":"10.1002/marc.70379","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sliding elastomers (SE) based on polyrotaxane (PR) architectures exhibit exceptional mechanical toughness through the “pulley effect”. However, side-chain crystallization in such solvent-free systems often compromises molecular mobility and the efficiency of the topological cross-links. In this study, a series of solvent-free sliding elastomers was developed by grafting amorphous poly(ε-caprolactone-co-δ-valerolactone) [P(CL-co-VL)] side chains that are amorphous at ambient conditions onto a hydroxypropylated polyrotaxane (HPR) backbone via ring-opening polymerization. Systematic investigations were conducted by varying the side-chain degrees of polymerization (DP = 13, 26, 52) and the cross-linking indices (r = [NCO]/[OH]). The amorphous nature of the random copolymeric side chains effectively suppressed crystallization, thereby facilitating the unhindered sliding motion of α-cyclodextrin rings along the PEG axis. Compared to traditional fixed covalent cross-linking initiated by hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HPCD), these solvent-free elastomers exhibited superior mechanical performance, achieving a tensile strength of 10.2 MPa and an exceptional elongation at break of 830%. It is demonstrated that the synergy between topological sliding cross-links and the amorphous side-chain design allows for precise tuning of mechanical responses and stress homogenization. This work provides a robust strategy for the fabrication of high-performance, solvent-free topological elastomers with an optimized “pulley effect” for advanced flexible applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":205,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Rapid Communications","volume":"47 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148589793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Cellulose-Based Materials for Bionic Sensors","authors":"Shu Yu,&nbsp;Zhengyan Bao,&nbsp;MinQi Yu,&nbsp;Qi Zhang","doi":"10.1002/marc.70377","DOIUrl":"10.1002/marc.70377","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As an emerging front-end information acquisition device, bionic sensors dynamically collect and digitally display natural signals by mimicking biological perception mechanisms. With their flexibility, lightweight design, and broad applicability, they are progressively serving as a bridge connecting wearable flexible devices with smart living. Cellulose-based materials, derived from the Earth's abundant and renewable polymer resources, exhibit a combination of non-toxicity, biodegradability, sustainability, excellent mechanical properties, rich chemical structures, and tunability. These characteristics make them an ideal choice for green and flexible bionic sensor materials. This article centers on the application and advancement of cellulose-based materials in bionic sensors. It first introduces three fundamental working modes of bionic sensors and their adapted scenarios, summarizes commonly employed cellulose-based materials, and exemplifies their applications in bionic sensing. The study highlights the wide-ranging application prospects of such sensors in healthcare, human-machine interaction (HMI), and motion monitoring. To guide future efforts, this perspective concludes by presenting the key challenges and promising directions for advancing high-performance cellulose-based bionic sensors.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":205,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Rapid Communications","volume":"47 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148589801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catalyst-Free Biotin Conjugation Onto Poly(Styrene-co-Butadiene) Mediated by an Orthogonal Agent Comprising Nitrile N-Oxide and Blocked Isocyanate","authors":"Sota Nozawa,&nbsp;Fumitake Usui-Kawanishi,&nbsp;Koji Yamamoto,&nbsp;Yasuhito Koyama","doi":"10.1002/marc.70372","DOIUrl":"10.1002/marc.70372","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bioconjugates are compounds synthesized by covalently linking biomolecules with a functional fragment, forming a broad class of systems that encompasses pharmaceuticals, molecular probes, and macromolecular materials such as bioconjugated polymers. Achieving such covalent linkage requires the introduction of suitable functional groups for ligation into each fragment. Herein, we report the development of an orthogonal agent as a novel molecular ligation tool that integrates an oxime functionality, which serves as a precursor of a nitrile <i>N</i>-oxide, together with a blocked isocyanate functionality. Treatment of the orthogonal agent with iodosobenzene (PhIO) generates a nitrile <i>N</i>-oxide, which undergoes a catalyst-free [3+2] cycloaddition reaction to an alkene-containing molecule. Subsequent thermal treatment at approximately 120°C produces an isocyanate that reacts with a nucleophilic molecule without the need for a catalyst, enabling sequential chemical ligation between alkenes and nucleophiles. We further demonstrate the utility of this orthogonal agent through the preparation of biotin-conjugated poly(styrene-<i>co</i>-butadiene) (SB) resin. The polymer structure was characterized by ¹H NMR and IR spectroscopy, along with a colorimetric assay using horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated streptavidin. These results highlight that the present orthogonal agent is a versatile and effective ligation tool for catalyst-free bioconjugation of alkene-containing common polymers with biomolecules.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":205,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Rapid Communications","volume":"47 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148534625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}