Ali Balasini, Jannik Fryn, Margaux Bonnardot, Jérémy Godard, Tristan Montier, Gilles Lemercier, Franck Thétiot, Tony Le Gall, Ulrich Jonas
{"title":"Modular Polymers With Tuneable Charge and Amphiphilicity for Effective Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy","authors":"Ali Balasini, Jannik Fryn, Margaux Bonnardot, Jérémy Godard, Tristan Montier, Gilles Lemercier, Franck Thétiot, Tony Le Gall, Ulrich Jonas","doi":"10.1002/marc.70426","DOIUrl":"10.1002/marc.70426","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A modular synthetic platform delivers polymers that integrate, within a single architecture, a hydrophilic backbone, hydrophobic side chains, charged groups, and photoactive agents for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). Ruthenium complexes are used as representative photoactive systems, and clinical strains of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, and <i>Escherichia coli</i> serve as bacterial targets. Two complementary strategies are deployed in parallel within a single design framework: free-radical copolymerisation of acrylic ruthenium–photosensitiser monomers, and post-polymerisation modification of a pentafluorophenyl-acrylate precursor with amine-functionalised ruthenium complexes. Both routes allow independent tuning of composition, solubility, amphiphilic balance, and net charge, a set of properties that together govern the polymers' interaction with bacterial surfaces. The approach yields a library of seven water-dispersible, amphiphilic polymer–metal hybrids. Benchmarked against a bare ruthenium complex, the aPDT-polymers exhibit strong UV–visible absorption, efficient reactive oxygen species production, low (photo)cytotoxicity towards human bronchial epithelial cells, and potent antibacterial activity, particularly against multidrug-resistant <i>P. aeruginosa</i> in planktonic and biofilm states. Multivariate clustering reveals clear guidelines for structure–activity relationships: anionic acrylic-acid-rich architectures are most effective against <i>P. aeruginosa</i> biofilms under saline conditions, while cationic compositions are preferential against planktonic <i>S. aureus</i>. The platform thus provides a rationally tuneable basis for next-generation polymer-based photoactive antimicrobials.</p>","PeriodicalId":205,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Rapid Communications","volume":"47 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/marc.70426","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148928452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jing Zheng, Kexuan Rong, Chunyan Cui, Wenguang Liu
{"title":"Light-Initiated Tissue Adhesives: Photoinitiation Mechanisms, Material Design Strategies, and Tissue Repair Applications","authors":"Jing Zheng, Kexuan Rong, Chunyan Cui, Wenguang Liu","doi":"10.1002/marc.70430","DOIUrl":"10.1002/marc.70430","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Conventional mechanical closure remains widely used in tissue repair, but sutures and staples inevitably cause penetration injury and local stress concentration, limiting their effectiveness in fragile tissues and minimally invasive procedures. Tissue adhesives offer atraumatic sealing, yet conventional adhesive formats and curing modes, including thermal initiation, pH-triggered gelation, and preformed patches, often struggle to combine precise control with physiological compatibility. Photoinitiated adhesives enable on-demand initiation of the curing process via external light-triggered in situ polymerization after tissue apposition and positional adjustment, affording active control over crosslinking density and network architecture, while offering the prominent advantages of mild curing conditions, high spatiotemporal precision, and the absence of deleterious byproducts. This review systematically examines the photochemical mechanisms and application suitability of photoinitiating systems, covering the design principles of Type I cleavage, Type II hydrogen abstraction/electron transfer, and cationic photogenerated acid, as well as visible light-sensitized and near-infrared-assisted activation strategies. From a materials engineering perspective, this review further consolidates the construction strategies, adhesion-enhancing mechanisms, and applications of polyethylene glycol-based synthetic systems, photofunctionalized natural polymer systems, mussel-inspired interfacial systems, and multi-network structural systems. This review aims to provide a systematic reference for the rational design, application scenario expansion, and clinical translation of photoinitiated tissue adhesives.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":205,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Rapid Communications","volume":"47 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148954567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Monodisperse Sulfonic Acid-Functionalized Hollow Polymer Microspheres Using Precipitation Polymerization as Recyclable Solid Acid Catalysts","authors":"Md Rabiul Alam, Yuri Hashimoto, Tomoya Ikke, Naoki Haraguchi","doi":"10.1002/marc.70427","DOIUrl":"10.1002/marc.70427","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Monodisperse crosslinked sulfonic acid-functionalized hollow polymer microspheres were prepared via the chemical cleavage of core-shell polymer microspheres containing a cleavable core. First, the core-shell polymer microspheres were synthesized through the precipitation polymerization of styrene and a styrene dimer bearing two phenylsulfonate groups, followed by seed polymerization of <i>N,Nˊ-</i>1,3-phenylenedimaleimide. The effects of polymerization parameters on the yield, particle size, size distribution, and shell thickness were investigated. Smaller microspheres with thicker shells were obtained at lower monomer concentrations. The resulting core-shell polymer microspheres were then treated with an aqueous KOH solution, followed by solvent washing to remove the core polymer. Subsequent acid treatment regenerated the sulfonic acid groups, yielding sulfonic acid-functionalized hollow polymer microspheres. The sulfonic acid-functionalized hollow polymer microspheres were evaluated as solid acid catalysts for the esterification reaction of 2-phenylethanol with acetic acid. Compared with uniform-type polymer microspheres and commercially available solid acid resin, the hollow polymer microspheres exhibited higher reactivity. In addition, they could be readily recovered from the reaction mixture by simple centrifugation. The recovered catalysts were reused for five consecutive cycles without any significant loss of activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":205,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Rapid Communications","volume":"47 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/marc.70427","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148910185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yi-Ru Chen, Fabian Eisenreich, A. Catarina C. Esteves, Željko Tomović
{"title":"Front Cover: A Chemically Recyclable 1,3,5-Triazine-Based Epoxy Thermoset Enabled by Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Reaction","authors":"Yi-Ru Chen, Fabian Eisenreich, A. Catarina C. Esteves, Željko Tomović","doi":"10.1002/marc.70438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.70438","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Strength and recyclability rarely coexist in thermosets. This study reports a 1,3,5-triazine-based epoxy network that combines a high glass transition temperature and tensile strength with chemical recyclability. Nucleophilic aromatic substitution exchange reaction cleanly deconstructs the network into two separable building blocks, closing the loop across multiple generations and enabling coatings that debond on demand. More details can be found in the Research Article by Željko Tomović and co-workers (DOI: 10.1002/marc.70422).\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":205,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Rapid Communications","volume":"47 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/marc.70438","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149356130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohamed Gamal Mohamed, Ahmed M. Elewa, Nian-Ping Chen, Ahmed F. Saber, Hira Karim, Yun-Sheng Ye, Mohsin Ejaz, Cheng-Wei Huang, Shiao-Wei Kuo
{"title":"Fluorenone and Fluorenemalononitrile-Tethered Conjugated Microporous Polymers for Efficient CO2 Uptake and Rhodamine B Removal","authors":"Mohamed Gamal Mohamed, Ahmed M. Elewa, Nian-Ping Chen, Ahmed F. Saber, Hira Karim, Yun-Sheng Ye, Mohsin Ejaz, Cheng-Wei Huang, Shiao-Wei Kuo","doi":"10.1002/marc.70428","DOIUrl":"10.1002/marc.70428","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Herein, two conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs), TPET-FO and TPET-F2CN, are functionalized with carbonyl and nitrile groups. These porous networks are constructed via the Sonogashira coupling reaction, using 1,1,2,2-tetrakis(4-ethynylphenyl)ethene (TPET) as a tetrahedral core, which is coupled with 2,7-dibromo-9H-fluoren-9-one (FO-2Br) and 2-(2,7-dibromo-9H-fluoren-9-ylidene)malononitrile (FL-2CN-2Br), respectively. Both CMPs possess well-developed porosity, as evidenced by their Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface areas (S<sub>BET</sub>) of 508 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup> for TPET-FO CMP and 682 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup> for TPET-F2CN CMP. Among the two materials, the TPET-F2CN CMP exhibits markedly superior performance. It demonstrates enhanced CO<sub>2</sub> uptake capacities of 1.69 and 2.88 mmol g<sup>−1</sup> at 298 and 273 K, respectively, significantly exceeding those of the TPET-FO CMP (0.96 and 1.60 mmol g<sup>−1</sup> under identical conditions). In addition, TPET-F2CN CMP shows outstanding adsorption behavior toward rhodamine B (Rhd B), with an equilibrium adsorption capacity (<i>q<sub>e</sub></i>) of 98.12 mg g<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup> and a maximum monolayer capacity (<i>q<sub>m</sub></i>) of 155.6 mg g<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>, as determined by the Langmuir model. These values are substantially higher than those observed for TPET-FO CMP. Interaction Region Indicator (IRI) analysis indicated that the adsorption performance of TPET-F2CN CMP toward CO<sub>2</sub> and Rhd B is mainly promoted by stronger non-covalent interactions and enhanced delocalization of π-electrons in TPET-F2CN CMP.</p>","PeriodicalId":205,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Rapid Communications","volume":"47 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/marc.70428","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148910200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rachel L. Tritt, Yoon-Jung Jang, Brittany K. Trinh, Andrew J. Boydston
{"title":"Dispersity Control via Solvent and Additive Effects in Photoredox-Mediated Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization","authors":"Rachel L. Tritt, Yoon-Jung Jang, Brittany K. Trinh, Andrew J. Boydston","doi":"10.1002/marc.70419","DOIUrl":"10.1002/marc.70419","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Having a controllable and typically narrow molecular weight distribution is a hallmark of most well-controlled polymerization techniques, including metal-mediated ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Control in photoredox-mediated metal-free ROMP, on the other hand, has been limited to spatio-temporal, average molecular weight, and stereochemical control; targeted molecular weight distributions (quantified with dispersity, <i>Đ</i>) have been elusive. However, we were motivated by the relationship between <i>Đ</i> and elementary reaction rates in reversible deactivation radical polymerizations to explore the solution presented herein. Specifically, we have demonstrated the ability to target specific <i>Đ</i> values, ranging from 1.23 to 1.63, in a logical and operationally simple way: by perturbing the environment of the active chain-end through solvent and additive effects. We hypothesize that this is due to the consequent effects on the rate of chain-end deactivation combined with changes in the rate of propagation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":205,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Rapid Communications","volume":"47 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148954550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Regulating the Dynamic Properties of Knoevenagel Condensation Cross-Linked Hydrogels via Thia-Michael Addition Reaction","authors":"Yu Yan, Ruizhu Yang, Mingming Zhao, Yuqian Ji, Zhiqiang Sun, Xiaonong Zhang, Chunsheng Xiao","doi":"10.1002/marc.70416","DOIUrl":"10.1002/marc.70416","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The strategies for regulating dynamic mechanical properties of dynamic hydrogels have attracted significant attention. Herein, we developed a new strategy to regulate the dynamic properties of Knoevenagel condensation (KC) reaction cross-linked hydrogels through reversible thia-Michael addition reaction. In this system, the dynamic C═C bonds formed by the reversible KC reaction could react with thiols via the reversible Michael addition reaction, leading to the structural changes from C═C to C─C bonds and thereby enabling effective modulation of the hydrogel's viscoelastic behaviors. Furthermore, decreasing the pH reduced the reverse reaction rates of both the KC reaction and the thia-Michael addition reaction, reinforcing the stability of the C═C bonds and thia-Michael adducts. To implement this dual regulation, N-acetylcysteine, a small molecule containing both thiol and carboxyl groups, was introduced, which allowed synergistic modulation through thiol-C═C reversible addition and pH responsiveness. This cooperative regulation enables fine-tuned control of hydrogel dynamics, extending stress relaxation time from 20 to 1900 s, enhancing the storage modulus from 2205 to 4705 Pa, and improving the structural stability. Overall, this reversible thia-Michael addition-mediated mechanism paves a new way for regulating the dynamic properties of the KC reaction cross-linked hydrogels.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":205,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Rapid Communications","volume":"47 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148786352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria I. Pieper, Daniel D. Stöbener, Bernhard Häßel, Richard Hoogenboom, Andrij Pich
{"title":"Cononsolvency-Assisted Fabrication of Hydrogels and Microgels With Tunable Porosity, Diffusivity and Stiffness","authors":"Maria I. Pieper, Daniel D. Stöbener, Bernhard Häßel, Richard Hoogenboom, Andrij Pich","doi":"10.1002/marc.70423","DOIUrl":"10.1002/marc.70423","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Porous materials including hydrogels offer high potential for applications requiring controlled mass transport, cell infiltration, and mechanical properties, such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, or soft robotics. We report a facile method for the synthesis of hydrogels and microgels with tunable porosity, offering control over diffusivity and mechanical properties. By exploiting the cononsolvency of polymers based on dimethylacrylamide (DMAAm) and hydroxyethylacrylamide (HEAAm) in water-acetonitrile mixtures, we produce porous networks with adjustable pore sizes up to several micrometers by varying the acetonitrile content in aqueous solution used during synthesis. The adjustment of the pore size by variation of the solvent mixture allows for fine-tuning of the hydrogel and microgel mechanical and diffusion properties with stiffnesses ranging from a few kPa up to more than 100 kPa and diffusion coefficients of 4 kDa FITC-dextran varying from 50 to over 130 µm<sup>2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>. Detailed analyses using optical microscopy, (cryo-)scanning electron microscopy, rheology, nanoindentation, and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching confirm the dependence of the observed properties on the network morphology and the similarity of the pore size and interconnectivity between hydrogel and microgel samples. The obtained hydrogels and microgels show strong potential for applications in bioengineering, sensing, and responsive materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":205,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Rapid Communications","volume":"47 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/marc.70423","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148896273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiangya Wang, Guangcun Ma, Yuxia Zhang, Mohammed Kamal Hadi, Fen Ran
{"title":"Macromolecular Doping of Polyaniline Toward All-in-One Supercapacitors with Enhanced Electrochemical Performance and Biocompatibility","authors":"Xiangya Wang, Guangcun Ma, Yuxia Zhang, Mohammed Kamal Hadi, Fen Ran","doi":"10.1002/marc.70424","DOIUrl":"10.1002/marc.70424","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Limitations of conventional small molecule protonic acids used for doping polyaniline (PANI) including rapid performance degradation, potential cytotoxic effects, and the risk of provoking tissue inflammation; these pose significant challenges for biomedical applications. To overcome these issues, the use of poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid) (PSS) as a macromolecular dopant is proposed in this work; a stable PANI: PSS is synthesized and employed as an electrode material. This electrode material is integrated with a gel electrolyte formulated from gelatin and carboxylated chitosan to construct an all-in-one supercapacitor. This integrated design effectively eliminates interfacial resistance between the electrode and the electrolyte while simultaneously enhancing the mechanical integrity and operational stability of the device under physiological conditions. The all-in-one supercapacitor constructed by PANI: PSS as the electrode material demonstrates notable electrochemical performance, characterized by high specific capacitance, excellent long-term cycling stability, and reliable rate capability. Furthermore, comprehensive in vitro biocompatibility evaluations of the all-in-one supercapacitor are conducted, which reveal minimal cytotoxicity, no significant induction of inflammatory responses, and high blood compatibility, especially anticoagulant properties. These findings confirm the material suitability for use in implantable biomedical devices, and this study establishes a practical and reliable strategy for the development of safe, efficient, and biocompatible power sources.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":205,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Rapid Communications","volume":"47 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148878609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Charlotte Dai, Frédéric Demoly, Vincent Lapinte, Sébastien Blanquer
{"title":"Solvent-Tuned DLP 3D-Printed PNVCL Hydrogels With Enhanced Thermoresponse","authors":"Charlotte Dai, Frédéric Demoly, Vincent Lapinte, Sébastien Blanquer","doi":"10.1002/marc.70429","DOIUrl":"10.1002/marc.70429","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The development of Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PNVCL)-based hydrogels for additive manufacturing remains challenging due to the difficulty of simultaneously achieving printability and enhanced thermoresponsive performance. Herein, chemically crosslinked P(NVCL-DVA) organohydrogels (DVA, 3,9-divinyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane) were prepared using diethylene glycol (DEG) as a cosolvent with water and fabricated by digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing, followed by solvent exchange with water. The influence of formulation parameters, particularly DEG content, on network formation and thermoresponsive behavior was systematically investigated. The optimized hydrogels exhibited interconnected porous structures associated with high water uptake, enhanced deswelling amplitude, and rapid deswelling and reswelling kinetics. Collectively, these findings establish an effective formulation strategy that expands the potential of PNVCL-based materials for DLP 3D printing.</p>","PeriodicalId":205,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Rapid Communications","volume":"47 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/marc.70429","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148981719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}