{"title":"Hyperbranched Macromonomer-Based Gelation of Hyaluronic Acid for Efficient Liposome Encapsulation and Improved Transdermal Delivery.","authors":"Lingxi Guo, Jing Zhang, Yue Li, Mingdong Cheng, Yue Liu, Guilong Lu, Yu Shen, Haixia Shen, Ziyi Yu","doi":"10.1002/marc.202500310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.202500310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Liposome-based formulations, while facilitating drug penetration across physiological barriers, face considerable challenges, including instability, rapid clearance in vivo, and inadequate control over drug release. Incorporating liposomes into hydrogels presents a promising approach to enhancing stability and sustaining drug delivery. However, optimizing their administration, responsiveness, and synergistic interaction with the tissue penetration process to improve drug permeation efficiency and bioavailability remains a critical challenge. To address these limitations, this study introduces an intelligent, injectable hydrogel delivery system based on the crosslinking of thiolated hyaluronic acid with a versatile hyperbranched PEG macromer (HPM). The high reactivity and acid-responsive properties of HPM enable in situ, rapid liposome encapsulation, significantly enhancing liposome stability while ensuring excellent injectability and localized therapeutic effects. As a proof of concept, this hydrogel system is applied as a skin dressing, facilitating controlled liposome release while improving stratum corneum hydration, thereby markedly enhancing the transdermal delivery of the antioxidant coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). Compared to the direct application of free CoQ10 dispersions, this system achieves an impressive 16.6-fold increase in bioavailability, highlighting its strong potential for applications in transdermal drug delivery and localized disease treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":205,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Rapid Communications","volume":" ","pages":"e2500310"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143955520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wei Huang, Nan Jiang, Gege Li, Yalong Jiang, Qing Zhang, Chi-Pong Tsui, Chak-Yin Tang, Yingkui Yang
{"title":"Carbon Nanotubes Coupled Bipolar Covalent Organic Frameworks With Nitrogen-Enriched Redox-Active Sites for High-Performance Lithium-Organic Batteries.","authors":"Wei Huang, Nan Jiang, Gege Li, Yalong Jiang, Qing Zhang, Chi-Pong Tsui, Chak-Yin Tang, Yingkui Yang","doi":"10.1002/marc.202500133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.202500133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are frequently explored as attractive electrode materials for next-generation sustainable lithium-ion batteries. Unfortunately, such metal-free electrode materials suffer from low practical capacities and poor rate capabilities, due to low intrinsic conductivity, limited redox-active sites, and insufficient electrochemical utilization. Herein, integrating conductive carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with bipolar-type COFs enriched by multi-electron redox-active sites is rationally crafted by in situ Schiff base condensation to fabricate robust core-shell hierarchical heterostructures (CNT@COF). Remarkably, the as-fabricated CNT@COF cathode delivers a large reversible capacity (253.1 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> at 0.2 A g<sup>-1</sup>), high rate capability (161.6 mA h g<sup>-1</sup> at 5 A g<sup>-1</sup>), and excellent cycling stability (retaining 76.6% of initial capacity at 5 A g<sup>-1</sup> over 1000 cycles), because of the fast ion/electron transport and high utilization of active groups. Accordingly, both spectroscopy techniques and theoretical calculations are employed to reveal the redox reaction mechanisms of COF moieties and the reversible conversion of bipolar-type nitrogen-containing active centers (imine, triazine, and triphenylamine) against with PF<sub>6</sub> <sup>-</sup>/Li<sup>+</sup> is rationalized clearly. This work crafts an unusual strategy to address common issues for organic polymer electrodes by macromolecular engineering to unlock the barrier of high-capacity and high-rate storage in powerful batteries.</p>","PeriodicalId":205,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Rapid Communications","volume":" ","pages":"e2500133"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143964670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yvonne Tusiimire, Michael Lubwama, Robert Tamale Ssekitoleko, Vasileios Koutsos, Wiwat Nuansing, Norbert Radacsi
{"title":"3D Electrospinning of Macroscopic PLLA Structures.","authors":"Yvonne Tusiimire, Michael Lubwama, Robert Tamale Ssekitoleko, Vasileios Koutsos, Wiwat Nuansing, Norbert Radacsi","doi":"10.1002/marc.202500130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.202500130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electrospinning typically produces 2D fibrous nanofibers with poor heavy metal sorption capabilities and weak mechanical strength without post-processing treatment. Comparably, 3D structures have 99.992% porosity, larger pore sizes, and lower fiber density. In this study, macroscopic 3D poly L-lactic acid (PLLA) structures are fabricated successfully by 3D electrospinning. It is found that the electrospinning solvent system, polymer concentration, phosphoric acid (H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>) additive concentration, collector potential, working distance, flow rate, and applied nozzle voltage affected the fiber diameter and 3D structural dimensions. The effects of these variables are investigated, and optimum conditions are obtained. The optimal parameters for the 3D PLLA structure are 0.5 wt.% phosphoric acid additive to the 12 mg mL h<sup>-1</sup> PLLA solution, +1 V charged collector, +18 kV nozzle voltage, 4 cm working distance, 4 mL h<sup>-1</sup> flow rate, and Dichloromethane (DCM)/ N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) (6:1) solvent. The structure has a 774 nm average diameter and 2.36 cm height. Scanning electron microscopy showed fiber uniformity at the different sections of the macroscopic 3D PLLA structures. These results expand the possibilities of using PLLA as 3D electrospun biomimetic structures.</p>","PeriodicalId":205,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Rapid Communications","volume":" ","pages":"e2500130"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143959086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel Inman, Veronika Kozlovskaya, Sarah Nealy, Pavel Nikishau, Md Golam Hossain, Eugenia Kharlampieva
{"title":"Uniform Reversible Buckling in Highly Hydrated Spherical Ultrathin Hydrogel Shells.","authors":"Daniel Inman, Veronika Kozlovskaya, Sarah Nealy, Pavel Nikishau, Md Golam Hossain, Eugenia Kharlampieva","doi":"10.1002/marc.202500257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.202500257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Elastic colloids with reversible shape transformations have various applications in cellular mimicry, controlled release, targeted therapy, responsive biosensors, and adaptive optics. Herein, a reversible volume reduction is explored in ultrathin spherical hydrogel shells made of poly(methacrylic acid) in response to osmotic pressure changes in solution. The 4-µm pH-responsive hydrogel shells are synthesized via polymer multilayer assembly on sacrificial spherical microparticles to produce nanostructured hydrogel shells with varied thicknesses. The degree of hydrogel shell volume reduction and rapid recovery of its spherical shape in response to osmotically induced deformation and after stress removal are studied in highly hydrated shells. The spherical hydrogel shape uniformly deforms inward by producing a dimple at critical osmotic pressures (1-15 kN m<sup>-2</sup>), followed by the formation of a soft half-shell. These deformations are entirely uniform and are rapidly reversed upon stress removal. These large shape deformations and quick recovery are due to the shell's low elasticity of 4.0 ± 0.1 MPa, characteristic of elastomers. This study demonstrates the potential of the ultrathin highly hydrated hydrogel microshells for extending the class of elastomeric colloids with programmable compressibility and flow properties, leading to new fundamental and applied knowledge about elastic non-spherical hydrogels.</p>","PeriodicalId":205,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Rapid Communications","volume":" ","pages":"e2500257"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143959732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis and Ring-Opening Polymerization of Mono-Benzoxazines Based on 2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)phenol and Aniline/Furfurylamine.","authors":"Zongran Zhang, Yuwei Wang, Zhiyun Li, Chunfang Zhang, Hongzan Song, Yanfang Liu","doi":"10.1002/marc.202500210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.202500210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two mono-benzoxazines are synthesized from 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenol, aniline, furfurylamine, and formaldehyde, respectively. The ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of the two mono-benzoxazines is studied with differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Compared to phenol-aniline-based benzoxazine, both 2-hydroxyethoxy and N-furfuryl groups can reduce the ROP temperature. Side reactions related to the 2-hydroxyethoxy and N-furfuryl groups are involved in the ROP. The ring-opening reaction leads to the formation of zwitterion intermediates, which undergo chain propagation to form oligomeric zwitterions and series of cyclic and linear oligomers in the early stage of ROP, indicating that the same benzoxazine monomer can polymerize into different polymers through different ROP pathways. Based on the experimental results, the ROP pathways are proposed and validated by density functional theory calculations.</p>","PeriodicalId":205,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Rapid Communications","volume":" ","pages":"e2500210"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143959057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimizing Curing Profiles of One-Component Epoxy Resins with Small Molecule Thermal Latent Curing Agents Containing Reversible Urea Bonds.","authors":"S M Ashik Abedin, Bekir Dizman","doi":"10.1002/marc.202500228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.202500228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study focused on the synthesis of small-molecule thermal latent curing agents (TLCs) containing reversible urea bonds and their utilization in one-component epoxy resins (OCERs). The TLCs were synthesized by reacting aromatic monoisocyanates with linear aliphatic amines with primary and secondary amino groups and characterized by NMR, FTIR, TGA, and DSC. The TLCs were then incorporated into diglycidyl ether bisphenol A (DGEBA) resin at 60 °C to formulate OCERs and assess their effectiveness. Optical microscopy of the OCERs showed uniform dispersion of the TLCs. Cure kinetics, evaluated by dynamic and isothermal DSC and rheological analysis, revealed that the stability of urea bonds of the TLCs was affected by phenyl group substitution and the amino group type. Urea bonds formed from dichlorophenyl isocyanate (DCPI) with secondary amino groups showed the lowest thermal stability. The TLC-5 synthesized from DCPI and triethylenetetramine (TETA), was most effective, initiating the curing of DGEBA at 120 °C. OCER-5, prepared with TLC-5 and DGEBA and cured at 140 °C, was analyzed by DMA, showing a T<sub>g</sub> of 135 °C. This study highlighted the importance of molecular structure in optimizing TLC stability and efficacy, guiding the design of improved TLCs for epoxy applications in composites and adhesives.</p>","PeriodicalId":205,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Rapid Communications","volume":" ","pages":"e2500228"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143961786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Theodore Manouras, Apostolos Vagias, Eleftherios Koufakis, Spiros H Anastasiadis, Peter Müller-Buschbaum, Maria Vamvakaki
{"title":"Microphase Separation of Poly(2-(Dimethylamino)Ethyl Methacrylate)-b-Poly(Tetrahydropyranyl Methacrylate) Diblock Copolymer Thin Films.","authors":"Theodore Manouras, Apostolos Vagias, Eleftherios Koufakis, Spiros H Anastasiadis, Peter Müller-Buschbaum, Maria Vamvakaki","doi":"10.1002/marc.202500138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.202500138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The microphase separation in diblock copolymer films comprising two chemically similar methacrylate blocks, poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) and poly(tetrahydropyranyl methacrylate), is investigated. Four symmetric diblock copolymers, with M<sub>n</sub>'s ranging from 4300 to 109 700 g mol<sup>-1</sup> and narrow molecular weight distributions, are synthesized by group-transfer polymerization, are spin-coated from ethyl lactate solutions and are subsequently solvent vapor annealed. The two lower M<sub>n</sub> copolymers dewet the silicon substrates after annealing, whereas the two higher M<sub>n</sub> copolymers reveal the formation of holes and islands by optical microscopy, suggesting their microphase separation into lamellae structures orientated parallel to the substrate. The ordering of these weakly segregated diblock copolymers is verified by X-ray reflectivity (XRR) and grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS). XRR provided the film thickness and lamellae spacing by probing along the direction perpendicular to the sample surface, whereas GISAXS probes the nanoscale morphology along the sample plane and the lateral and vertical correlation lengths of the films by analyzing the diffuse scattering. The lamellae thicknesses determined by XRR and GISAXS are in good agreement with those measured by atomic force microscopy. The results hold great promise for the development of highly functional ordered nanostructures in thin film geometries for applications in energy, catalysis, and others.</p>","PeriodicalId":205,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Rapid Communications","volume":" ","pages":"e2500138"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143951606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chengsen Liu, Xianghan Zhang, Jiazheng Shen, Yingzhuo Liu, Zhe Ma
{"title":"Self-Nucelation Effect on Crystallization of Double Crystalline Polypropylene-b-Polybutene Block Copolymers.","authors":"Chengsen Liu, Xianghan Zhang, Jiazheng Shen, Yingzhuo Liu, Zhe Ma","doi":"10.1002/marc.202500194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.202500194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Self-nucleation effect of crystalline polymers originates from the intrinsic in-complete relaxation of crystallization-associated ordered structure and plays a crucial role in accelerating crystallization without adding the extra nucleating agents. In this work, the polypropylene-b-polybutene block copolymers are designed and synthesized with the sequential polymerization method. The in situ wide-angle X-ray diffraction characterization demonstrates that polybutene (PB) and polypropylene (PP) sequences are both crystallizable, which crystallize into the mixture of tetragonal and trigonal phases, and monoclinic phase, respectively. In the meanwhile, The PP sequences in block copolymers exhibit the self-nucleation effect similar to the homopolymer, of which the PP crystallization kinetics is accelerated with decreasing self-nucleation temperatures (T<sub>s</sub>). Unexpectedly, this self-nucleation effect of PP blocks on PB crystallization exhibits a rather complex and non-monotonous dependence on T<sub>s</sub>. It is interesting to see that as T<sub>s</sub> is lowered to Domains II and III to largely accelerate crystallization of PP, PB crystallization is suppressed. However, as the further decreased T<sub>s</sub> only anneals PP crystallites, the suppressed PB crystallization could recover. This complex self-nucleation on crystallization is interpreted by the constraint of evolved PP crystallites on PB sequences.</p>","PeriodicalId":205,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Rapid Communications","volume":" ","pages":"e2500194"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143959151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yixuan Li, Zheyi Wang, Guitian Tai, Qinghao Wang, Zhuo Yang, Junqi Sun
{"title":"Mechanically Robust Nafion-Based Anhydrous Proton Exchange Membranes with High Proton Conductivity and Efficient In Situ Self-Healing Capacities.","authors":"Yixuan Li, Zheyi Wang, Guitian Tai, Qinghao Wang, Zhuo Yang, Junqi Sun","doi":"10.1002/marc.202500291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.202500291","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is increasing demand for self-healing high-temperature proton exchange membranes (HT-PEMs) with superior mechanical robustness and proton conductivity. In this study, the fabrication of mechanically robust HT-PEMs (denoted as N-IL-PW) is demonstrated by integrating high proton conductivity and the ability to in situ heal fatigue and damage during operation via the complexation of Nafion, phosphotungstic acid (PW) clusters, and ionic liquids (ILs). Originating from the synergistic effect of high-density electrostatic interactions as well as hydrogen bonds in ionic domains and stable crystalline domains, the N-IL-PW membranes are highly resilient and fatigue resistant, and display excellent creep resistance even at 170 °C. Under an anhydrous condition of ≈170 °C, the N-IL-PW membranes have a high proton conductivity of ≈18.86 mS cm<sup>-1</sup>. Meanwhile, the hydrogen-powered HT-PEM fuel cells assembled with N-IL-PW membranes exhibit good cell performance under an anhydrous condition of ≈120 °C. More importantly, the reversibility of electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions enables the membranes in situ to heal fatigue and mechanical damages under fuel cell operation conditions. Healed membranes can regain their pristine mechanical properties, proton conductivity, hydrogen barrier property, and cell performance. Excellent high-temperature creep resistance, fatigue resistance, and healing capability can work in concert to enhance the reliability of N-IL-PW membranes.</p>","PeriodicalId":205,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Rapid Communications","volume":" ","pages":"e2500291"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143957892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wanting Zhang, Xiaotao Guo, Wenyuan Lang, Ling Zhao, Nuojin Zhang, Lijun Du, Bing Xue, Shuguang Yang
{"title":"Ultrafiltration Membrane with High Stability and Anti-fouling Performance Fabricated via Stepwise Interfacial Complexation of Charged Polytrifluorostyrene.","authors":"Wanting Zhang, Xiaotao Guo, Wenyuan Lang, Ling Zhao, Nuojin Zhang, Lijun Du, Bing Xue, Shuguang Yang","doi":"10.1002/marc.202500181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.202500181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Surface coating of polymer complexes driven by electrostatic interaction represents a facile strategy for membrane modification. However, chemical stability is still a major issue for the application of such polymer coatings and the study of polymer complex-modified membranes for ultrafiltration is less explored. In this study, positively charged quaternized poly(trifluorostyrene) (QPTFS) and negatively charged sulfonated poly(trifluorostyrene) (SPTFS) are synthesized and used to prepare ultrafiltration membranes through stepwise interfacial complexation. The successful complexation between QPTFS and SPTFS is verified using quartz crystal microbalance and spectroscopic ellipsometry. The separation performance of the modified membranes is evaluated and the QS-2 membrane (containing two bilayers of polymer complexes) demonstrates a desired water flux of 378 L m<sup>-2</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> bar<sup>-1</sup> and an excellent BSA rejection of 96.8%. Moreover, the QPTFS/SPTFS selective layer exhibits remarkable stability against saturated NaCl or at extreme pHs, and its separation performance is maintained with BSA rejection above 95%. The cyclic filtration indicates the enhanced anti-fouling performance upon QPTFS/SPTFS decoration, in which the flux recovery rate of QS-2 is ≈3-fold higher than that of polyvinylidene fluoride substrate. This work proposes an accessible approach using charged fluoropolymers to achieve chemically stable ultrafiltration membranes with desired water flux, excellent protein separation performance and enhanced anti-fouling property.</p>","PeriodicalId":205,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Rapid Communications","volume":" ","pages":"e2500181"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143957999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}