National Quail Symposium Proceedings最新文献

{"title":"Monitoring Scaled Quail Occupancy and Colonization Post-Translocation on a Large Landscape","authors":"Rebekah E. Ruzicka, D. Rollins","doi":"10.7290/nqsp09bdwc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7290/nqsp09bdwc","url":null,"abstract":"Large landscapes are important for sustaining quail populations in semiarid climates where annual variation in vital rates, and thus population volatility, tends to be larger than in subtropical climates. Translocations may need to be conducted on a similar scale to ensure long-term success. Large landscapes pose challenges for monitoring release sites in terms of costs and logistics. However, large landscapes also provide an excellent opportunity to evaluate habitat preferences and suitability because they inherently hold more variation in habitat type. Multiseason occupancy surveys are a potential monitoring tool for translocations where population persistence is a benchmark for success. Occupancy (i.e., presence–absence) data for quail are relatively easy to collect compared to more intensive surveying (i.e., mark-recapture or distance sampling) and can be analyzed in a framework that allows for the estimation of detection, colonization, and extinction as functions of spatial or temporal covariates. We used a multiseason occupancy survey to monitor a reintroduced population of scaled quail ( Callipepla squamata ) on a large landscape. Our objectives were to: 1) evaluate occupancy post-translocation, and 2) determine how landscape characteristics and distance from release points influenced colonization and extinction. Over 800 scaled quail were translocated to a >40,000-ha study area of contiguous rangeland in Knox County, Texas, USA from 2016–2017. We collected presence–absence data during a 10-day period in March just prior to release (2016) and for 2 years after first release (2017–2018). We sampled 73 locations on a 1.5-km × 1.5-km grid 3 times per year. We were unable to estimate true occupancy and thus any influence of covariates, because of low detection probability ( p = 0.05, standard error = 0.02). However, we found that naïve occupancy based on detection within and outside of surveys increased from 1% in 2016 to 23% and 10% in 2017 and 2018, respectively. We recommend that monitoring programs prioritize survey methods that increase detection, such as sampling only during peak calling and call-back surveys, and using more than one method of detection","PeriodicalId":205881,"journal":{"name":"National Quail Symposium Proceedings","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131197559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Habitat Works: How Partnerships and Habitat Improvement have Restored Quail Populations in the 2C Quail Focus Area","authors":"E. Metcalf, B. Emmerich, W. White","doi":"10.7290/nqsp09w8q2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7290/nqsp09w8q2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":205881,"journal":{"name":"National Quail Symposium Proceedings","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128992285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diurnal Occurrence of Great-Horned Owls on Northern Bobwhite Hunting Properties in Southwest Georgia","authors":"Justin A. Rectenwald, Philip M. Coppola, Theron M. Terhune, D. C. Sisson, J. Martin","doi":"10.7290/nqsp09hipo","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7290/nqsp09hipo","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding interactions between prey species and their predators is essential to discerning the ecology and management fundamentals of a species. Great-horned owls (Bubo virginianus) have long been considered an opportunistic predator of northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus; hereafter, bobwhite) and recent studies have demonstrated that bobwhite survival is reduced at higher great-horned owl densities (Rectenwald et al. 2021). Managers on quail properties often mechanically remove live oak (Quercus virginiana) hammocks as part of larger predation management plans to reduce the amount of suitable predator habitat. While scattered live oaks are typically left for aesthetic purposes, these serve as preferred day roosts and hunting perches for great-horned owls. To improve bobwhite survival and fitness, managers on quail properties broadcast supplemental grain along designated trails at a density of 2.4 km/40.5 ha of upland habitat. From the peak of bobwhite brooding season to the end of the breeding season (i.e., Jun–Sep), it is common for managers to switch from broadcasting grain from feed trails to broadcasting grain from mowed roads to reduce tractor activity in obscured cover where broods or nests may be run over and destroyed. Bobwhite are potentially at higher risk for predation where live oak hammocks are intersected by feed trails due to increased exposure time in areas with higher predator occurrence. Additionally, bobwhite may be at higher predation risk when feeding on mowed roads in the summer, particularly when in close proximity to live oaks, due to the lack of screening cover from opportunistic owls perched above. We evaluated the probability of use for great-horned owls in relation to live oak hammocks, feed trails, and roads that are fed in the summer. We compared use versus availability for landscape features using a resource selection function in a Bayesian framework. As part of a larger study detecting all raptors that were threat-specific to bobwhite, driving surveys using line-transect distance sampling on a 32.2-km route were conducted twice per month from September 2014–December 2020 between 0800–1000 at a speed of 16 km/hr. The surveys encompassed a 5,400-ha privately owned property in Baker County, Georgia, USA. Surveys were conducted only on days with fair weather (i.e., no fog or rain). When great-horned owls were visually detected, their location was recorded on a Global Positioning System (GPS). Great-horned owl density on the property averaged approximately 0.86 owls/km2 during the bobwhite breeding season and 0.58 owls/km2 in the non-breeding season (Rectenwald et al. 2021). The site was 60% upland pine (Pinus elliottii, P. palustris, P. taeda), 20% fallow field, 10% pine for timber production, 5% live oak, and 5% wooded wetland. Habitat features were delineated using satellite imagery and GPS units. Random locations were generated to determine resource availability and we used observed locations in a logistic m","PeriodicalId":205881,"journal":{"name":"National Quail Symposium Proceedings","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114906393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring a Plant-Diversity Hypothesis to Explain Helminth Prevalence in Northern Bobwhite in Texas","authors":"J. Herschberger, Shaelyn T. Rainey, F. Hernández, Kristyn G. Stewart, Andrea Montalvo, Lindsey K. Howard","doi":"10.7290/nqsp09nht9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7290/nqsp09nht9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":205881,"journal":{"name":"National Quail Symposium Proceedings","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125003507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Efficacy of Video Cameras to Account for Northern Bobwhites Flushed, but Undetected During Aerial Surveys","authors":"Andrea Montalvo, L. Brennan, Michael L. Morrison, Eric D. Grahmann, Andrew N. Tri","doi":"10.7290/nqsp09ylse","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7290/nqsp09ylse","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past 20 years, conventional distance sampling from a helicopter platform has been used to estimate northern bobwhite ( Colinus virginianus ; hereafter, bobwhite) density over large areas of rangeland vegetation. However, it has been speculated that aerial surveys can complicate the ability to meet the distance sampling assumption of detecting 100% of the target objects on the transect line due to the restricted observer view from the helicopter. We attempted to use video cameras to determine whether missed detections occurred and whether digital methods could improve the precision of bobwhite density estimates. Our objectives were to 1) determine whether video cameras are a viable option to detect if coveys are flushing behind the helicopter and missed by observers, 2) determine whether coveys are flushing underneath the helicopter and missed by observers, and 3) explore the use of video cameras in a mark-recapture distance sampling (MRDS) framework. We recorded video while traversing line-transects with a helicopter during 4 distance-sampling surveys across 2 ranches in South Texas, USA. For objective 1, we reviewed footage from cameras with a backward-facing view and detected only 1 pair of bobwhites (0.001% of 889 coveys detected) that flushed on video footage recorded during the surveys but were unnoticed by observers. These results indicated that when coveys flushed, they rarely flushed behind the helicopter, and the helicopter flew at what seemed to be the proper speed and altitude to detect late flushes. For objective 2, we reviewed footage from a helicopter-mounted camera that was recorded within a swath underneath the helicopter’s center. We recorded 22 flushes within the swath, none of which was missed by the observers in the helicopter; as a result, we could not complete an MRDS analysis in Program Distance. This study improved confidence in fulfilling the assumptions of distance sampling and resulting density estimates but was limited to flushing birds only.","PeriodicalId":205881,"journal":{"name":"National Quail Symposium Proceedings","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133805362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Results from Kentucky’s 10-year Bobwhite Recovery Plan","authors":"Cody M. Rhoden, J. Morgan, B. Robinson, G. Sprandel","doi":"10.7290/nqsp09rhv5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7290/nqsp09rhv5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":205881,"journal":{"name":"National Quail Symposium Proceedings","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132356793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Northern Bobwhite and Fire: A Review and Synthesis","authors":"D. Weber, E. Tanner, Theron M. Terhune, J. Varner, J. Martin","doi":"10.7290/nqsp09v0ju","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7290/nqsp09v0ju","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":205881,"journal":{"name":"National Quail Symposium Proceedings","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133631786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Climate Change on Northern Bobwhite Nesting Chronology and Clutch Size","authors":"Justin A. Rectenwald, D. C. Sisson, J. Martin","doi":"10.7290/nqsp09kpke","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7290/nqsp09kpke","url":null,"abstract":"Widespread changes to breeding bird phenology in response to climate change have been apparent in North America for several decades. While the impact of an earlier breeding season may be minimal by itself, changes in community-level interactions can be greatly influenced because of varying responses to climate change in different trophic levels. Climate change has been shown to alter the onset of breeding season and chick survival, and lead to population declines for game birds in high latitudes, at high elevations, and on the periphery of their range. The topic of climate change in relation to northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus; hereafter, bobwhite) populations has attracted interest in the past 2 decades. Some researchers have hypothesized that climate change has the potential to cause the breeding season to initiate sooner and have a shorter duration. Using a 29year dataset (1992–2020) with 1,171 individual bobwhites, we analyzed how temperatures prior to the breeding season affected the timing of nest initiation and clutch size, and how the length of the breeding season varied over time. We determined that the average minimum daily temperatures 30 days prior to the breeding season warmed by 0.07° C/year from 1992–2020. For any given year, we found that nest initiation could occur 1.12 days earlier for every 1° C increase in temperature. Overall, we determined that the timing of the nesting season had not changed from 1992–2020. The overall average breeding season length (135 days) or last average initiation date (27 Aug) did not change over the course of our study. We did not find that clutch sizes have changed over time and they were not correlated to pre-laying temperature. We attribute the lack of significant change in nesting chronology to plasticity of populations within the core of the range and the intensity of bobwhite management on the landscape. Citation: Rectenwald, J. A., D. C. Sisson, and J. A. Martin. 2022. Effects of climate change on northern bobwhite nesting chronology and clutch size. National Quail Symposium Proceedings 9:341–347. https://doi.org/10.7290/nqsp09KPkE","PeriodicalId":205881,"journal":{"name":"National Quail Symposium Proceedings","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134582117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive Management Facilitates Increase in Northern Bobwhite Populations","authors":"J. Martin, Clay Sisson, Justin A. Rectenwald, Paige E. Howell","doi":"10.7290/nqsp09oewj","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7290/nqsp09oewj","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":205881,"journal":{"name":"National Quail Symposium Proceedings","volume":"175 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116127241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Northern Bobwhite Demographics and Resource Selection Are Explained by Prescribed Fire with Grazing and Woody Cover in Southwest Missouri","authors":"F. Thompson, M. D. Weegman, Emily A. Sinnott, Alisha R Mosloff, Kyle R Hedges, Frank L. Loncarich, T. R. Thompson, Nicholas C Burrell, Stasia Whitaker, D. Hoover","doi":"10.7290/nqsp09hn61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7290/nqsp09hn61","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the effects of landscape management on northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus; hereafter, bobwhite) population growth requires information about seasonaland stage-specific demographic parameters linked across the annual cycle. We review results to date from 3 years (2016–2018) of an intensive field study evaluating drivers of bobwhite population dynamics and resource selection during the breeding and non-breeding season in southwest Missouri, USA using data from adult and juvenile bobwhite fitted with radio-transmitters. Land cover of our study sites ranged from large blocks of native grasslands maintained with prescribed fire and grazing to more traditional management resulting in small patches of grasslands interspersed with food plots, disked idle areas, and woody cover. During the breeding season, relative probability of selection by broods increased in relation to proportion of native grass managed by grazing and burning and proportion of cropland. Brood survival was also greatest on native grasslands burned and grazed within the past 2 growing seasons. During the fall and winter, 1 E-mail: frank.r.thompson@usda.gov © Thompson III, Weegman, Sinnott, Mosloff, Hedges, Loncarich, Thompson, Burrell, Whitaker, and Hoover and licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0. 1 Thompson et al.: Northern Bobwhite Demographics in Southwest Missouri","PeriodicalId":205881,"journal":{"name":"National Quail Symposium Proceedings","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129501299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}