PROTEOMICS – Clinical Applications最新文献

{"title":"Causal Effects From Kidney Function to Plasma Proteome: Integrated Observational and Mendelian Randomization Analysis With >50,000 UK Biobank Participants.","authors":"Jeong Min Cho, Minsang Kim, Jaeik Oh, Jung Hun Koh, Semin Cho, Yaerim Kim, Soojin Lee, Kwangsoo Kim, Yong Chul Kim, Seung Seok Han, Kwon-Wook Joo, Yon Su Kim, Hajeong Lee, Dong Ki Kim, Sehoon Park","doi":"10.1002/prca.70002","DOIUrl":"10.1002/prca.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) causes detrimental systemic effects, including inflammation or apoptosis, which lead to substantial morbidity and mortality. However, the causal effect of reduced kidney function on systemic proteomic signatures is incompletely understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed an integrated Mendelian randomization (MR) and observational analyses to identify the causal association between kidney function and plasma protein levels, based on 1815 plasma protein profiles in 50,407 UK Biobank participants and the CKDGen Phase 4 genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis for the genetic instruments of eGFR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The MR analysis revealed 383 plasma proteins causally associated with eGFR. Reduced kidney function was found to be causally associated with an increase in the plasma levels of 381 proteins, among which TNF and IGFBP4 were increased, while the level of two proteins, NPHS1 and SPOCK1, decreased. Apoptosis-related pathway was significantly enriched in the gene-set enrichment analysis. In network analysis, TNF was identified as a hub protein with multiple linkages to molecules included in the TNF-signaling pathways, involved in inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this proteo-genomic analysis, we identified 383 plasma proteins causally associated with eGFR, highlighting TNF-associated pathways as pathologically relevant processes in kidney disease progression, systemic inflammation, and organ fibrosis, warranting further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20571,"journal":{"name":"PROTEOMICS – Clinical Applications","volume":" ","pages":"e70002"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143524224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proteome of Renal Tubuli and Serum Differentiate Pre-Existing Type 2 Diabetes and Post-Transplant Diabetes in Kidney Transplant Recipients.","authors":"Eleni Skandalou, Mariell Rivedal, Hans-Peter Marti, Thea A S Halden, Trond Jenssen, Bjørn Egil Vikse, Anders Åsberg, Jessica Furriol","doi":"10.1002/prca.70000","DOIUrl":"10.1002/prca.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), with kidney transplantation being the preferred treatment. However, post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) increases mortality and graft loss. While PTDM and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) share risk factors, their mechanisms differ, particularly in diabetic nephropathy (DN). This study aimed to investigate the molecular differences in PTDM by mapping the proteomes of proximal tubuli and serum in normoglycemic (NG), pre-transplant T2DM, and PTDM patients one year post-transplantation. Experimental Design Proteomic analysis was performed on microdissected proximal tubular cells and serum samples from kidney transplant recipients categorized as NG, pre-transplant T2DM, or PTDM at one year post-transplantation. Mass spectrometry was used to identify differentially expressed proteins. Data analyses were performed using gene ontology databases and pathway analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Proteomic analysis revealed key differences, including significant dysregulation of mitochondrial proteins and lipid metabolism pathways in PTDM patients compared to T2DM and NG groups. Additionally, we observed distinct serum patterns of cholesterol metabolism dysregulation in PTDM, highlighting a complex interplay between fatty acid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction and systemic lipid dysregulation that may drive renal injury in PTDM-related DN.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>This pilot study is the first to perform proteomic analysis on both microdissected tubular cells and serum from post-transplant PTDM, pre-transplant T2DM and NG transplant recipients. The proteomic differences between PTDM and T2DM could help to develop targeted therapies and early diagnostic markers, ultimately improving transplant outcomes and patient management. Further research is needed to validate these findings and explore their therapeutic potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":20571,"journal":{"name":"PROTEOMICS – Clinical Applications","volume":" ","pages":"e70000"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12069002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143483804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intramural Administration of Translational Inhibitor Puromycin Upon Balloon Angioplasty Inhibits SMC Proliferation and Protein Synthesis-Vascular Proteome Profiling Analysis.","authors":"Priyanka Boettger, Hansjörg Schwertz, Herbert Platsch, Ursula Mueller-Werdan, Karl Werdan, Michael Buerke","doi":"10.1002/prca.202400066","DOIUrl":"10.1002/prca.202400066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is an effective procedure to decrease the severity of stenotic coronary atherosclerotic lesions. However, its long-term success is limited by the formation of restenosis or neointima by increased proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and synthesis of extracellular matrix. Polypeptide growth factors are potent SMC mitogens and are involved in SMC proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis. In this line, inhibition of de novo protein synthesis might be beneficial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We examined the effects of different concentrations of translational inhibitor puromycin on SMC proliferation and apoptosis, in vitro. Further, we examined the effects of local administration of puromycin in a rabbit balloon injury model of the iliac artery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Injection of puromycin or its vehicle was performed with an infusion-balloon catheter directly into the vessel wall during angioplasty. PTA in the vehicle group resulted in neointima formation 3 weeks after the vascular intervention. In contrast, puromycin treatment resulted in a significant reduction of intima-media ratio. We observed decreased elastin and collagen III synthesis in puromycin-treated animals. With proteomics, we could demonstrate reduced protein expression of lamin, vimentin, alpha-1 antitrypsin, alpha-actin allowing puromycin treatment. In in vitro experiments, puromycin decreased SMCs proliferation (i.e., BrdU incorporation) following FCS stimulation.</p><p><strong>Perspective: </strong>Based on the data from our animal experiments, aministration of puromycin directly into the vessel wall during angioplasty may be effective in preventing or reducing restenosis in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":20571,"journal":{"name":"PROTEOMICS – Clinical Applications","volume":" ","pages":"e202400066"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proteomic Analysis of Substantia Nigra Reveals Molecular Insights Into the Neuroprotection Effect of Rosmarinic Acid Treatment in MPTP-Induced Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease.","authors":"Sarah Martins Presti-Silva, Lucas Rodrigues-Ribeiro, Vladimir Gorshkov, Frank Kjeldsen, Thiago Verano-Braga, Rita Gomes Wanderley Pires","doi":"10.1002/prca.70006","DOIUrl":"10.1002/prca.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Parkinson's disease (PD) is neuropathologically characterized by the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), affecting 10 million people worldwide. Rosmarinic acid (RA), a polyphenol found in plants like rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), is known for its intriguing biological properties and potential antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. In a previous study we showed that RA treatment prevented hyperlocomotion in mice with MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine)-induced parkinsonism and improved the monoaminergic system in healthy animals. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying RA's action in PD remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Experimental design: </strong>In this study, we treated MPTP-induced PD animals (C57BL/6 male mice) with RA orally at a dose of 100 mg/kg for 15 days and examined the proteome of substantia nigra (SN) to identify possible regulatory targets of RA treatment to shed some lights into its neuroprotective effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Quantitative proteomics revealed that RA treatment regulated proteins associated with oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), glutamatergic synapse, and vesicular cycle signaling pathway. We identified 371 proteins significantly regulated in response to RA administration (255 upregulated and 116 downregulated). Notably, some cellular targets of RA treatment reported here, including mGluR2/mGluR3/EAAT-proteins from the glutamatergic system-and proteins from the Complex I of the electron transport chain are promising targets for therapeutic intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>These findings highlight the molecular differences between MPTP-induced PD mice and those treated with RA, providing insights on the molecular basis behind the neuroprotective effects of RA and revealing potential PD signatures that warrant further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20571,"journal":{"name":"PROTEOMICS – Clinical Applications","volume":" ","pages":"e70006"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Proteomics in Maternal and Neonatal Health: Advancements and Future Directions.","authors":"Razan Elkahlout, Sawsan G A A Mohammed, Ahmed Najjar, Thomas Farrell, Hilal Al Rifai, Nader Al-Dewik, M Walid Qoronfleh","doi":"10.1002/prca.70004","DOIUrl":"10.1002/prca.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maternal and neonatal health (women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postnatal period) presents a spectrum of healthcare challenges, including preterm birth, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and gestational diabetes mellitus. While genomic investigations have shed light on many of these topics, protein biomarker discovery, a pivotal aspect of such research, holds promise in offering insights into disease diagnosis, progression, and prognosis. This review paper aims to explore the landscape of proteomics research pertaining to the aforementioned disorders. In the search for viable biomarkers, existing ones are either outdated or lack specificity and new ones being investigated do not commonly make it to the validation stage. In this review, the reasons for the gap between the biomarker discovery stage and the clinical validation stage are evaluated, in addition to what steps are being taken to mitigate the unexpectedly slow scientific and clinical progress. Notably, this paper also delves into the ethnic disparities found in maternal and neonatal health research, as well as how AI is currently being used to alleviate socioeconomic and ethnic disparities, as well as its advantages for the analysis of large \"omics\" datasets. We anticipate this investigation will provide critical, invaluable information for researchers, medical professionals, and policy decision-makers in this field to improve overall maternal and neonatal health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20571,"journal":{"name":"PROTEOMICS – Clinical Applications","volume":" ","pages":"e70004"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12069003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Ocean of Biomarkers for the Precise Diagnosis and Prognosis of Lung Diseases.","authors":"Van Duc Pham, Jung-Hyung Lee, Doyun Shin, Hung M Vu, Junyang Jung, Manoj K Kashyap, Seung Hyeun Lee, Min-Sik Kim","doi":"10.1002/prca.70003","DOIUrl":"10.1002/prca.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) has long been used for diagnosing various lung diseases through its cellular components. However, the clinical utility of biomolecules in the BALF remains largely unexplored. Recently, mass spectrometry-based proteomics has been applied to profile the BALF proteomes to identify novel biomarkers for lung diseases. This review discusses the current progress in the field of BALF proteomics and highlights its potential as a valuable source of biomarkers for different lung diseases. Additionally, we explored the latest advancements and findings from BALF studies. Finally, we address the current limitations and propose future directions and research opportunities to advance the study of BALF.</p>","PeriodicalId":20571,"journal":{"name":"PROTEOMICS – Clinical Applications","volume":" ","pages":"e70003"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proteomic Correlates of Vitamin D Supplementation in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.","authors":"Valerie K Sullivan, Jingsha Chen, Lauren Bernard, Bing Yu, Erin D Michos, Lawrence J Appel, Alice H Lichtenstein, Casey M Rebholz","doi":"10.1002/prca.70005","DOIUrl":"10.1002/prca.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Proteins are key effectors of biological functions and play roles in signaling, transport, growth, repair, and immunity. Vitamin D biomarkers may be reflected in the plasma proteome. The aim of this discovery study was to identify novel proteins associated with vitamin D supplementation.</p><p><strong>Experimental design: </strong>We examined cross-sectional associations between vitamin D supplementation and plasma proteins in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study at visit 5 (2011-2013). An untargeted proteomic platform (SomaScan version 4, SomaLogic) was used to quantify relative abundance for 4955 proteins. We compared protein levels in vitamin D supplement users and nonusers using covariate-adjusted multivariable linear regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 5011 participants analyzed (mean age 76 [SD 5] years), 2255 (45%) used vitamin D supplements. Fifty-one proteins were associated with vitamin D supplementation at a false discovery rate-adjusted p < 0.05. Most proteins (33 of 51) were lower in users than nonusers. After adjusting for other supplement use (multivitamin/mineral, omega-3, B vitamins, and vitamin C), 7 proteins remained significantly associated with vitamin D supplementation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>Chondroadherin, parathyroid hormone, transcobalamin-1, osteomodulin, collagen type II, and bone sialoprotein 2 were lower, while sclerostin was higher, in vitamin D users than nonusers. These proteins are potential markers of vitamin D in older adults and highlight vitamin D-related metabolic pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":20571,"journal":{"name":"PROTEOMICS – Clinical Applications","volume":" ","pages":"e70005"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Glucocorticoids in the Treatment of Retinal Detachment With Choroidal Detachment: Analysis by Proteomics.","authors":"Pingping Li, Mengyao Han, Rui Zhang, Fangyu Chen, Yanzi Li, Jing Yuan, Ning Ma, Lu Li, Jianhua Wu","doi":"10.1002/prca.70008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prca.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Glucocorticoids are widely used for their anti-inflammatory properties, but their specific molecular mechanisms in treating rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with choroidal detachment (RRDCD) remain unclear. This study aims to identify key regulatory factors in the vitreous humor of RRDCD patients and analyze protein changes after hormonal intervention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Vitreous fluid samples were collected during surgery from patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD, n = 40), non-glucocorticoid treated RRDCD (nT-RRDCD, n = 35), and glucocorticoid-treated RRDCD (T-RRDCD, n = 32). Primary outcomes were retinal reattachment status and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at 6 months postoperatively. Proteomic analysis was performed using data-independent acquisition (DIA), with differentially expressed proteins validated by parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) and ELISA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between RRD and nT-RRDCD, 203 differentially expressed proteins were identified, while 295 proteins were differentially expressed between nT-RRDCD and T-RRDCD. These proteins were involved in complement activation, immune response, blood coagulation, and MAPK signaling. Apolipoprotein D (APOD) and vitronectin (VTN) positively correlated with postoperative BCVA. APOD, serum amyloid A-4 (SAA4), and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 variant emerged as potential diagnostic biomarkers for RRDCD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RRDCD development involves multiple factors. Glucocorticoids mitigate retinal damage by suppressing inflammation, regulating oxidative stress, and promoting cell repair. APOD and VTN correlate with BCVA, while APOD, SAA4, and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 show promise as diagnostic biomarkers for RRDCD.</p>","PeriodicalId":20571,"journal":{"name":"PROTEOMICS – Clinical Applications","volume":" ","pages":"e70008"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144064514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing Venous vs. Capillary Blood Collection Methods for Proteomic Measurement in Peripheral Blood.","authors":"Mary Ni Lochlainn, Nathan J Cheetham, Mario Falchi, Paolo Piazza, Claire J Steves","doi":"10.1002/prca.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prca.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Capillary blood collection has a number of advantages over venous collection, especially in the context of increasing decentralized clinical trials and field-based testing. No studies are available comparing venous versus capillary blood collection for proteomics measurement. The aim of this study was to compare venous versus capillary blood collection methods for proteomic measurement in peripheral blood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The expression of 368 different proteins from the Olink Explore 384 Inflammation panel was measured in both venous and capillary blood samples collected from 22 individuals at a single time point. Protein levels from venous and capillary blood samples were compared with descriptive statistics and correlation calculations. Correlations were examined for a subset of proteins identified in recent reports as associated with morbidity and mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Strong positive correlation (r ≥ 0.7) between protein concentrations measured in venous and capillary blood samples was observed for two in three proteins tested (215 of 327, 66%). A further 47 (14%) showed a moderate positive correlation (0.4 ≤ r < 0.7), with weak or very weak correlation (r < 0.4) observed for the remaining 65 (20%). Protein expression was consistently higher in capillary blood samples for proteins with lower correlation (r < 0.6) between sampling methods. Further work is required to understand the underlying reasons why proteins were consistently under-expressed in venous samples/over-expressed in capillary samples in a minority of proteins tested.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Proteomic measurement utilising capillary blood collection provides very similar results to using venous blood collection. This is a promising sign for the validity and reliability of studies using capillary blood collection, including decentralised and remote studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20571,"journal":{"name":"PROTEOMICS – Clinical Applications","volume":" ","pages":"e70007"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144043720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Search of Candidate Protein Biomarkers Related to COVID-19 in Solid Tissues and Non-Blood Fluids: An Update.","authors":"Michal Alexovič, Csilla Uličná, Hadi Tabani, Ján Sabo","doi":"10.1002/prca.202400117","DOIUrl":"10.1002/prca.202400117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>During COVID-19, significant changes in protein abundance can be linked with disease-related processes. The mass spectrometry-based proteomics of COVID-19-related biomarkers can help with the prognosis and diagnosis of this severe disease.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Here, we surveyed scientific works in terms of proteomic analysis of solid tissues and non-blood fluids from COVID-19 patients. Works published since 2022 to date have been covered.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Brain, lymph nodes, heart, spleen, aorta walls, liver, adrenal gland and kidneys were investigated as solid organs/tissues. The non-blood fluids involved exhaled breath particles, airway mucus, saliva, swabs, colostrum/milk and urine. The provided table depicts studies/experimental platforms to analyse COVID-19-related candidate protein biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Even eminent research input has been made in this field, continuation towards deeper findings should be made. Translation of proteomics into the clinics to help with diagnostics and therapeutical strategies, is a highly important task. The analysed candidate protein biomarkers are the perspective molecules for pending clinical decisions making and treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":20571,"journal":{"name":"PROTEOMICS – Clinical Applications","volume":" ","pages":"e202400117"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142910336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}