Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America最新文献_第3页

Understory diversity is positively associated with overstory carbon sequestration. 林下多样性与林下碳固存呈正相关。

IF 9.5 1区综合性期刊

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Pub Date : 2026-10-27 Epub Date: 2026-10-19 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2615624123

Yakun Zhang, Rui Zhang, Scott X Chang, Han Y H Chen, Anthony R Taylor, Masumi Hisano, Chen Chen, Sai Peng, Ya Wang, Xin Chen, Jiasheng Wu, Xinli Chen, Peter B Reich

{"title":"Understory diversity is positively associated with overstory carbon sequestration.","authors":"Yakun Zhang, Rui Zhang, Scott X Chang, Han Y H Chen, Anthony R Taylor, Masumi Hisano, Chen Chen, Sai Peng, Ya Wang, Xin Chen, Jiasheng Wu, Xinli Chen, Peter B Reich","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2615624123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2615624123","url":null,"abstract":"Forests are a major terrestrial carbon sink, and higher overstory diversity is often associated with greater carbon accrual in trees and soils. Yet the contribution of the understory vegetation, the most species-rich forest stratum, to tree and soil carbon accumulation remains largely unknown. Here, we analyzed Canada's National Forest Inventory database to explore whether understory diversity (richness and evenness of shrubs, herbs, and bryophytes) is associated with carbon accumulation in overstory trees and soils across environmental gradients of air temperature, climate moisture, and nitrogen deposition. We found that herb and bryophyte species richness were positively associated with decadal tree carbon accumulation, with the strongest effects at warmer, drier, and nitrogen-limited sites. In contrast, understory diversity showed no consistent association with soil carbon accumulation. On a decadal scale, increasing herb and bryophyte species richness from their minimum to median values corresponded to 15% and 6% increases in tree carbon accumulation, respectively. These results provide large-scale observational evidence that diversity in lower vegetation layers is positively associated with overstory carbon sequestration and reveal strong environmental modulation of these multistratal biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships. These findings suggest that species-rich herb and bryophyte communities should be considered in strategies for sustaining forest carbon sinks, especially under warmer, drier conditions and nutrient limitation.","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"123 43","pages":"e2615624123"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Climate-driven rodent demography provides a general, transferable basis for predicting arenavirus spillover. 气候驱动的啮齿动物人口学为预测沙粒病毒外溢提供了一个通用的、可转移的基础。

IF 9.5 1区综合性期刊

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Pub Date : 2026-10-27 Epub Date: 2026-10-19 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2631478123

John M Drake, Nia W Carroll

引用次数: 0

Biotic response networks are an important organizer of the transcriptome in wild Arabidopsis thaliana populations. 生物响应网络是野生拟南芥群体转录组的重要组织者。

IF 9.5 1区综合性期刊

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Pub Date : 2026-10-27 Epub Date: 2026-10-19 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2611539123

Ana Paula Leite Montalvão, Kevin D Murray, Ilja Bezrukov, Natalie Betz, Lucas P Henry, Paloma Duran, Patrick Boppert, Martina Kolb, Fabrice Roux, Joy Bergelson, Detlef Weigel, Wei Yuan

{"title":"Biotic response networks are an important organizer of the transcriptome in wild Arabidopsis thaliana populations.","authors":"Ana Paula Leite Montalvão, Kevin D Murray, Ilja Bezrukov, Natalie Betz, Lucas P Henry, Paloma Duran, Patrick Boppert, Martina Kolb, Fabrice Roux, Joy Bergelson, Detlef Weigel, Wei Yuan","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2611539123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2611539123","url":null,"abstract":"Extensive laboratory experimentation has revealed conserved molecular pathways controlling growth and stress responses in plants, yet how these programs operate in natural settings remains poorly understood. We have investigated the organization of the transcriptome in wild populations of Arabidopsis thaliana by sampling plants across 60 natural sites in Europe and North America over two seasons. Transcriptomes varied extensively among individuals and were only weakly structured by geography or season. No groups of plants stood out due to clear biotic or abiotic stress signatures known from the laboratory. While only a small portion of transcriptome variance was explained by disease symptoms or environmental and phenotypic variables, infection-associated signals accounted for the largest share of the explainable fraction. Biotic-response networks identified in controlled laboratory conditions were well conserved in wild transcriptomes, while other networks, including abiotic-response networks were substantially reorganized in wild plants. Together, these results indicate that while certain transcriptional modules are easily reidentified when moving from the wild to controlled conditions, many regulatory relationships differ in these two contexts, highlighting how ecological complexity shapes transcriptome organization in natural populations.","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"123 43","pages":"e2611539123"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

mechanoLight: A genetically encoded fluorescent biosensor for visualizing 5-HT2AR mechanotransduction in live cells. mechanoLight：一种基因编码荧光生物传感器，用于可视化活细胞中5-HT2AR的机械转导。

IF 9.5 1区综合性期刊

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Pub Date : 2026-10-27 Epub Date: 2026-10-19 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2610816123

In-Yeop Baek, Hyunbin Kim, Duwan Kwon, Hahnbeom Park, Jihye Seong

{"title":"mechanoLight: A genetically encoded fluorescent biosensor for visualizing 5-HT2AR mechanotransduction in live cells.","authors":"In-Yeop Baek, Hyunbin Kim, Duwan Kwon, Hahnbeom Park, Jihye Seong","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2610816123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2610816123","url":null,"abstract":"G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are pivotal sensors of the mechanical environment, yet how they sense and transduce physical stimuli into biochemical signals within live cells remains largely elusive. Here we introduce mechanoLight, a genetically encoded red fluorescent biosensor designed to report the mechanical activation of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor (5-HT2AR). By incorporating a circularly permuted mApple (cp-mApple) into the third intracellular loop of 5-HT2AR with the optimized linker (m-linker), mechanoLight selectively detects conformational changes of 5-HT2AR in response to fluid shear stress while exhibiting minimal sensitivity to 5-HT. In sharp contrast, psychLight2, the previously developed green 5-HT2AR biosensor, primarily detects ligand-induced 5-HT2AR activation, suggesting that mechanoLight and psychLight2 capture distinct conformational modes of 5-HT2AR activation. Integrated analysis of linker-swapping experiments, structural modeling, and molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the flexibility of the m-linker underlies the mechanosensitivity of mechanoLight. We further extend this strategy to other mechanosensitive GPCRs, enabling visualization of their mechanoreactivity in live cells. The mechanoLight signal reflects the mechanosensitivity of 5-HT2AR, as shear stress-induced 5-HT2AR activation triggers Gαq-dependent signaling pathways, including phospholipase C (PLC) activation, intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, and ERK phosphorylation. Mutational analysis further identifies N-terminal glycosylation and helix 8 as structural determinants of 5-HT2AR mechanotransduction. Together, our findings establish 5-HT2AR as a mechanotransducer and introduce mechanoLight as a powerful tool for deciphering the molecular principles of GPCR mechanotransduction in live cells.","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"123 43","pages":"e2610816123"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Calibration, accuracy, and domain variation across one million collective forecasts from prediction platforms. 来自预测平台的100万个集体预测的校准、准确性和域变化。

IF 9.5 1区综合性期刊

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Pub Date : 2026-10-27 Epub Date: 2026-10-19 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2615627123

Justin Dickerson, Hilla Shinitzky, Maayan Peer, Mattan S Ben-Shachar, Michael Gilead

引用次数: 0

Scientists disrupt less but more persistently with career aging. 科学家在职业老龄化方面的干扰较少，但更持久。

IF 9.5 1区综合性期刊

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Pub Date : 2026-10-27 Epub Date: 2026-10-19 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2626763123

Nan Deng, Liying Yang, Shlomo Havlin, An Zeng

{"title":"Scientists disrupt less but more persistently with career aging.","authors":"Nan Deng, Liying Yang, Shlomo Havlin, An Zeng","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2626763123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2626763123","url":null,"abstract":"Disruption describes the extent to which a scientific work overturns the prior knowledge on which it builds and leads to a new line of research. A scientist's tendency to produce disruptive work has been found recently to decline over the career. However, the disruption index captures only how strongly a paper overturns prior work and ignores whether that disruption is later accepted or overturned by subsequent research. The persistent disruption (PD) framework adds this second perspective, identifying work that disrupts prior research and is then consolidated rather than displaced by later work. We examine how PD evolves over the career and find the opposite pattern: The probability of producing a persistent disruptive paper increases with career age. Senior scientists disrupt prior work less often compared to young, but once they do, the disruption tends to persist rather than being quickly superseded. Our results suggest that this reversal feature is due to the experience and we corroborate it across several dimensions of recognition. We also show that, at a fixed level of disruptiveness, the more senior the scientist is, it attracts more citations, social-media attention, and research grants. Nobel laureates also show delayed persistent disruptions. They exhibit high disruptive ability early in their careers, yet their prize-winning work appears years later. This lag further indicates that experience is needed to turn disruptive ability into the field's most celebrated contributions.","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"123 43","pages":"e2626763123"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reply to Gillan et al.: What should be the null hypothesis in computational psychiatry? 回答吉兰等人：计算精神病学的零假设应该是什么？

IF 9.5 1区综合性期刊

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Pub Date : 2026-10-27 Epub Date: 2026-10-16 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2628596123

Noam Sarna, Reuven Dar, Matan Mazor

引用次数: 0

Reaction-based cryo-EM resolves the continuous conformational spectrum of CTP synthase catalysis. 基于反应的低温电子显微镜解决了CTP合成酶催化的连续构象谱。

IF 9.5 1区综合性期刊

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Pub Date : 2026-10-20 Epub Date: 2026-10-09 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2620271123

Chen-Jun Guo, Yu-Fen Wu, Shu-Ying Guo, You Fu, Wei Wang, Ji-Long Liu

{"title":"Reaction-based cryo-EM resolves the continuous conformational spectrum of CTP synthase catalysis.","authors":"Chen-Jun Guo, Yu-Fen Wu, Shu-Ying Guo, You Fu, Wei Wang, Ji-Long Liu","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2620271123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2620271123","url":null,"abstract":"Capturing enzymes under native turnover conditions remains a grand challenge in structural biology. Here, we develop a reaction-based cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) strategy that directly samples Drosophila melanogaster cytidine triphosphate synthase (CTPS) from actively catalyzing mixtures containing only natural substrates and allosteric effectors. By integrating reaction-based sampling with three-dimensional variability analysis, we resolve a continuous conformational spectrum of CTPS during catalysis. This approach visualizes the chemical progression of 4-phosphoryl-uridine triphosphate (4Pi-UTP) formation and reveals a previously unobserved co-occupancy pattern of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and CTP at the reaction end point. Cross-validation with nonhydrolyzable ATP analogs demonstrates that UTP phosphorylation by ATP, rather than mere ATP binding, shifts the conformational ensemble toward more closed states. Our findings establish reaction-based cryo-EM as a framework for resolving chemically annotated conformational ensembles without predefining a single trapped intermediate.","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"123 42","pages":"e2620271123"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149148198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Astrocytic facilitation of somatic NMDARs underpins hippocampal E-S potentiation. 体细胞NMDARs的星形细胞促进是海马E-S增强的基础。

IF 9.5 1区综合性期刊

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Pub Date : 2026-10-20 Epub Date: 2026-10-12 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2607168123

Xi Dong, Zhaohui Chen, Yi Fu, Zhi Wang, Wei Lu

{"title":"Astrocytic facilitation of somatic NMDARs underpins hippocampal E-S potentiation.","authors":"Xi Dong, Zhaohui Chen, Yi Fu, Zhi Wang, Wei Lu","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2607168123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2607168123","url":null,"abstract":"EPSP-spike (E-S) potentiation is a form of plasticity defined by a persistent increase in neuronal spike output for a given synaptic input, reflecting enhanced E-S coupling independent of synaptic strength. However, its cellular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we show that brief induction of E-S potentiation triggers a sustained calcium activity increase in astrocytes adjacent to the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal layer. Mechanistically, E-S potentiation critically requires GluN2B-containing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) localized to the neuronal soma. Sustained astrocytic activity promotes E-S potentiation through vesicular release of D-serine, which enhances tonic activation of somatic NMDARs, suppresses A-type potassium currents, and produces a lasting increase in neuronal excitability. Functionally, this astrocyte-dependent E-S potentiation lowers the threshold for subsequent long-term potentiation, conferring a metaplastic influence on hippocampal circuits. These findings identify an astrocyte-neuron signaling mechanism that drives intrinsic plasticity and establish somatic NMDARs as a key site of astrocytic regulation of hippocampal output.","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"123 42","pages":"e2607168123"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149166289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A moveable feast: Neurons become less picky eaters after hibernation. 移动的盛宴：神经元在冬眠后变得不那么挑食。

IF 9.5 1区综合性期刊

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Pub Date : 2026-10-20 Epub Date: 2026-10-12 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2630041123

Sonal Kedia

引用次数: 0