Procedia food science最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Coconut Kernel Residues on Serum Lipid Concentrations of Rats","authors":"L.L.W.C. Yalegama ,&nbsp;R. Sivakanesan ,&nbsp;D.N. Karunarathna","doi":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The coconut kernel residues are underutilized by products in coconut milk and coconut oil industries. The residue from coconut milk (MR) and virgin coconut milk (VOR) can be used effectively for human consumption. Therefore, studying its nutritional effects on serum lipid profile is very important to promote for human consumption. The objective of this study was to determine the nutritional effect of VOR and MR incorporated diets on serum lipid profile of rats. The experimental diet was prepared by incorporating 10% or 20% VOR or 10% or 20% MR. The control diet did not include VOR or MR. The blood samples were drawn at base level and thereafter at 30 days intervals. The initial concentrations were compared with the concentrations at each days using unpaired t test for testing significant differences (p=0.05). The increase of serum TC concentration of rats fed with 10 and 20% MR and 20% VOR was19%, 17% and 16% respectively while the increase shown by control group and 10% VOR group was 20% and 22% respectively at 120 days although there is no significant change. Significant increase in serum HDL-C was shown by rats fed with 20% VOR in 30 days. Triacylglyceride, TAG, concentrations of rats fed with 20% VOR significantly decreased significantly by 22% in 120 days while the control group increased significantly by 31%. However, 10% VOR and 20% MR fed group showed insignificant decrease in serum TAG. This study reveals that VOR and MR can potentially decrease the serum level of TC and TAGs in human.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20478,"journal":{"name":"Procedia food science","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 186-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88569927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adoption and Factors Affecting on Adoption of Integrated Pest Management among Vegetable Farmers in Sri Lanka","authors":"H.J.C. Jayasooriya ,&nbsp;M.M.M. Aheeyar","doi":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The overuse and misuse of chemical pesticides has widely been reported in vegetable cultivation in Sri Lanka. While safer and environmental friendly pest and disease management methods such as Integrated Pest Management (IPM) are popular around the world, only little effort has been taken to promote IPM in Sri Lankan vegetable cultivation. Furthermore, farmers have not shown much interest on practicing IPM in vegetable cultivation. However, the level of IPM adoption by vegetable farmers and the factors influencing the adoption and strategies to promote IPM in vegetable cultivation have not been identified. Accordingly, this study was conducted to identify the level of IPM adoption and factors influencing the adoption of IPM in vegetable cultivation and to understand the strategies for promoting vegetable IPM in future. Primary data was collected by interviewing 290 farmer households. ‘Level of adoption’ and ‘farmers’ knowledge’ on nine practices used in IPM technique were tested and nine socio-economic variables were analyzed to identify the factors influencing the IPM adoption. Findings indicated that the main income source of the majority (68%) of respondents was from vegetable farming from which at least half of their household income was secured. A total of 47% farmers apply chemical pesticides before pests or diseases appear in the field as a routine activity, and without considering the ‘economic threshold level’. Although the majority (60%) of farmers have used the recommended dosage in spraying, mixing several pesticides when applying was common. According to the findings, although the term IPM was familiar to 44% of respondents, only 20% s had a certain level of understanding on the IPM technique. The adoption of IPM practices among farmers was not at a satisfactory level. Practices known and followed for a long time were better adopted compared to the practices which are relatively novel. Results also showed that despite the adoption of these practices, understanding of farmers regarding the benefits and the appropriate use of such practices was not at a satisfactory level. “Farmers’ knowledge on IPM” had a positive impact while the “proportionate income from vegetable cultivation” was negative on the level of IPM adoption. In addition, the results showed that gaps in policy and institutional setup, negative attitudes of farmers and officers on IPM were conduce for the lower adoption level of IPM in the vegetable cultivation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20478,"journal":{"name":"Procedia food science","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 208-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74851640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome Sequencing of Seafood-borne Vibrio Parahaemolyticus VP49 Reveals the Presence of Novel Virulence Attributes","authors":"B.K. Kumar,&nbsp;V.K. Deekshit,&nbsp;P. Rai,&nbsp;I. Karunasagar","doi":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</em> is a Gram-negative, halophilic bacterium autochthonous to the marine environments and responsible for seafood-borne gastroenteritis. Though the hemolysins TDH and/or TRH are classical virulence factors, several other potential virulence factors may contribute to their pathogenicity. In this study, <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em> was isolated from the seafood harvested along southwest coast of India and confirmed by standard biochemical and molecular methods. Genome sequencing of <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em> revealed the presence of T3SS2 operon in an approximately 44<!--> <!-->kb region in close proximity to the hemolysin gene <em>trh</em>. The annotation of T3SS2 operon revealed the presence of genes encoding apparatus proteins <em>VscC2/R2/S2/T2/U2/N2, VcrD2</em>, an ATPase <em>VscN2</em>, translocons<em>VopB2/D2</em>, and effectors <em>VopA</em>/C/<em>L</em>. To the best of knowledge, this is the first report on sequencing and characterization of a T3SS gene cluster in seafood isolate of <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em> and this information will be of assistance in future studies to determine the different virulence attributes as well as mechanisms that enhance environmental or host fitness of <em>V. parahaemolyticus.</em> The presence of such virulence attributes in <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em> isolated from seafood suggests the potential of these isolates to cause infection in humans upon ingestion of contaminated seafood and questions the safety of seafood to consumers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20478,"journal":{"name":"Procedia food science","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 331-333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82143061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards Community Driven Food Safety Model Repositories","authors":"Matthias Filter,&nbsp;Carolina Plaza-Rodríguez,&nbsp;Christian Thoens,&nbsp;Annemarie Kaesbohrer,&nbsp;Bernd Appel","doi":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Transferring predictive microbial models from research into real world food manufacturing or risk assessment applications is still a challenge for members of the food safety modelling community. Such knowledge transfer could be facilitated if publicly available food safety model repositories would exist.</p><p>This research therefore aimed at identification of missing resources hampering the establishment of community driven food safety model repositories. Existing solutions in related scientific disciplines like Systems Biology and Data Mining were analyzed.</p><p>On the basis of this analysis, some factors which would promote the establishment of community driven model repositories were identified – among them: a standardized information exchange format for models and rules for model annotation. As a consequence a proposal for a Predictive Modelling in Food Markup Language (PMF-ML) together with a prototypic implementation on the basis of the Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML) has been developed. In addition the adoption of MIRIAM guidelines for model annotation is proposed. In order to demonstrate the practicability of the proposed strategy, existing predictive models previously published in the scientific literature were re-implemented using an open source software tool called PMM-Lab. The models are made publicly available in the first community Food Safety Model Repository called openFSMR (<span>https://sites.google.com/site/openfsmr/</span><svg><path></path></svg>).</p><p>This work illustrates that a standardized information exchange format for predictive microbial models can be established by adoption of resources from Systems Biology. Harmonized description and annotation of predictive models will also contribute to increased transparency and quality of food safety models.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20478,"journal":{"name":"Procedia food science","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 105-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.098","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81281070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dose-response Modelling of Staphylococcal Enterotoxins Using Outbreak Data","authors":"Laurent Guillier,&nbsp;Hélène Bergis,&nbsp;Florence Guillier,&nbsp;Véronique Noel,&nbsp;Frédéric Auvray,&nbsp;Jacques-Antoine Hennekinne","doi":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP) is one of the most common food-borne diseases and results from the ingestion of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs). Yet, small amount of data are available for establishing a dose response. The objective of this work was to build a dose response relation based on the systematic investigations carried out during recent years in France. Over the period 2010-2014, more than 60 SFP outbreaks involving SEs, mainly from France, were microbiologically investigated. The enterotoxins were characterized as well as quantified. Attack rates, appearance times and natures of symptoms collected during epidemiological investigations were related to microbiological data. The outbreaks collected focused on enterotoxins SEA, SEB, SEC, and SED. Distribution of appearance times of symptoms and their natures were not influenced by the type of enterotoxins. The US EPA benchmark dose (BMD) methodology was then used to establish dose response. Attack rates of SFP outbreaks were modelled as a function of ingested doses and a BMD have been estimated for SEA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20478,"journal":{"name":"Procedia food science","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 129-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.profoo.2016.05.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80701748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint Application of Antimicrobial Agents on Microbial Flora Chilled Meat Cattle. Use of Mathematical Models","authors":"María C. Álvarez,&nbsp;Irene Pena,&nbsp;María C. Villat,&nbsp;Pablo de la Sota,&nbsp;Gladys Laporte,&nbsp;Daniela Olivera,&nbsp;Miguel Noia,&nbsp;Fernanda Coll Cárdenas","doi":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Objectives of this work were: i) to study the effect joint application of antimicrobial agents on microbial flora chilled meat cattle;ii) to model mathematically this microbial growth and iii) validate the models with own experimental results.</p><p>Samples were irradiated with UVC light for 5 minutes and then were added a solution of oregano oil and lactic acid (1: 1). Untreated samples were considered as control.</p><p>Gompertz model was appropriate to quantify microbial growth in all conditions studied. Meanwhile, <em>Pseudomonas sp</em> in treated samples showed no development, having to apply the linear regression model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20478,"journal":{"name":"Procedia food science","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 63-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.087","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85108271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the Impact of Biological and Experimental Variability Near the Growth Boundaries on the Stochastic Responses of Growth, Gene Transcription and Acid Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes","authors":"P.I. Makariti,&nbsp;D. Siderakou,&nbsp;N.P. Skandamis","doi":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.06.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hereby, we showed that the experimental and biological variability in culture preparation had little effect on the stochastic outcome of: (i) growth, (ii) relative transcription of stress- (<em>gad2, sigB</em>) and virulence- (<em>prfA</em>) associated genes and (iii) subsequent acid resistance of <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em>, across growth/ no growth boundaries regarding combinations of pH (4.8-7.2) (HCl) and NaCl (0-8% w/v) at 7^oC. Variability of bacterial response, as described by the coefficient of variation (CV) and root mean square error (RMSE) was affected mainly by the previously pH and NaCl conditions that the pathogen had experienced. High biological variability regarding growth potential of the pathogen, was observed in conditions across growth boundaries (at 7^oC), such as pH 5.5-6.4 and NaCl 2-8% w/v, as manifested by the highly ranged growth parameters (CV_areas 18.3% - 49%, RMSE_areas 8.7-13.9, RMSE_lag _time 9.3-31.2), while acid resistance (pH 2.0, HCl, 37 °C) was highly variable when pathogen habituated pH (5.0-5.2) and NaCl (2% w/v) resulting in average D1 (3-6<!--> <!-->min) and D2 (14-16<!--> <!-->min) of high variability (CV_D1 28-35%; CV_D2 35-60%). Moreover at the same conditions the highest upregulation of <em>gad2</em> was observed with high biological variability of RMSE_{<em>gad2</em>} 2.8, while relative transcription levels of <em>pfrA</em> ranged from 0.60 to 4.22, indicating the potential risk derived from the stochastic bacterial response (up- or down- regulation) regarding induction of virulence mechanisms in growth boundary conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20478,"journal":{"name":"Procedia food science","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 158-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.profoo.2016.06.007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84650411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Variations in Selected Industrially Desirable Morphological and Biochemical Traits of Eleven Citrus Species in Sri Lanka","authors":"H.M.P.D. Herath,&nbsp;M.D.M.I.M. Dissanayake,&nbsp;D.R.R.P. Dissanayake,&nbsp;M.D.M. Chamikara,&nbsp;K.W.T.R. Kularathna,&nbsp;M. Ishan,&nbsp;S.D.S.S. Sooriyapathirana","doi":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The fruits with nutraceutical and medicinal values are having a greater significance in modern food industry. Out of many fruit tree bearing genera, the genus <em>Citrus</em> is extremely important in this regard. It contains well known species such as orange, lime, mandarin, lemon and many other underutilized species. The nutritive value of <em>Citrus</em> is given by many bioactive compounds present in the fruits such as alkaloids, tannins, phenols and saponins. In Sri Lanka, the available <em>Citrus</em> germplasm is not characterized in detail. Especially underutilized <em>Citrus</em> species are yet to receive a proper taxonomic identity. Therefore in the present study we report some of the important morphological and biochemical traits of eleven <em>Citrus</em> species. The fruit size traits; weight, height and width were very highly variable among the studied genotypes and positively correlated to each other (<em>P</em>&lt;0.05). However, juice volume was not highly correlated with the other fruit size traits. The juice volume per unit fruit weight can be given as a better indicator for the selection of these species for industrial applications. Pummelo, a popular edible <em>Citrus</em> fruit, showed the lowest volume to weight ratio of 0.06. The size of the endocarp cells (i.e. juice sacks) was also very highly variable among genotypes / species studied. The brix value, a parameter of total soluble solids, was highest in Sidaran fruits (8.07%) and lowest in cooking types such as lemon and lime (3.27% and 3.76% respectively). Similarly the ascorbic acid concentration was also lowest in lime and lemon (1.9 and 1.5<!--> <!-->mM respectively). The sweet orange cultivar Sisila (5.9<!--> <!-->mM) and Pummelo (6.9<!--> <!-->mM) had the highest ascorbic acid concentrations. The results reported here are very useful to select these genotypes / species for potential industrial applications, future genetic and breeding studies and to further characterize at molecular level to establish an accurate taxonomic scheme for Sri Lankan <em>Citrus</em> germplasm which will be the next focus of our group.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20478,"journal":{"name":"Procedia food science","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 176-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.043","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78974353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Develop Mechanistic Models of Transition Periods between Lag/Exponential and Exponential/Stationary Phase","authors":"Yangyang Wang ,&nbsp;Robert L. Buchanan","doi":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A continuing goal in predictive microbiology is models directly based on physiological behavior. Buchanan et al.¹ hypothesized that (1) the curvilinear lag/exponential transition represents the variability of cells in the adjustment (t_a) and metabolic (t_m) periods, and (2) the exponential/stationary transition is determined by limiting nutrient diffusion rates. Nutritional shift trials were conducted to estimate <em>E.coli</em> K-12 growth. Lactase production time suggest that lactase gene translation occurs after completion of lag phase. Agitation rates and inoculum sizes both influenced the shape of the exponential/stationary phase transition. Monte Carlo simulations allowed the generation of sigmoidal growth curves while considering physiological events.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20478,"journal":{"name":"Procedia food science","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 163-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.profoo.2016.07.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73154187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling the Probability of Growth and Aflatoxin B1 Production of Aspergillus Flavus under Changing Temperature Conditions in Pistachio Nuts","authors":"Laila Aldars-García,&nbsp;Antonio J. Ramos,&nbsp;Vicente Sanchis,&nbsp;Sonia Marín","doi":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this work was to use probability models for the prediction of growth and aflatoxin production by <em>Aspergillus flavus</em> as a strategy to mitigate the aflatoxin presence in pistachio nuts during postharvest. Logistic models, with temperature and time as explanatory variables, were fitted to the probability of growth and aflatoxin B₁ (AFB1) production under constant temperature levels, afterwards they were used to predict probabilities under non-isothermal scenarios. The models obtained showed levels of concordance from 80 to 100% in most of the cases. Moreover, the presence of AFB1 in pistachio nuts could be correctly predicted through AFB1 models developed in agar medium or through growth models in pistachio nuts. These findings can support decision making, at transport and storage level, and could be used by producers and processors to predict the time for AFB1 production by <em>A. flavus</em> in pistachio nuts in postharvest.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20478,"journal":{"name":"Procedia food science","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 76-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83541812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}