Procedia food science最新文献

{"title":"Adoption and Factors Affecting on Adoption of Integrated Pest Management among Vegetable Farmers in Sri Lanka","authors":"H.J.C. Jayasooriya ,&nbsp;M.M.M. Aheeyar","doi":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The overuse and misuse of chemical pesticides has widely been reported in vegetable cultivation in Sri Lanka. While safer and environmental friendly pest and disease management methods such as Integrated Pest Management (IPM) are popular around the world, only little effort has been taken to promote IPM in Sri Lankan vegetable cultivation. Furthermore, farmers have not shown much interest on practicing IPM in vegetable cultivation. However, the level of IPM adoption by vegetable farmers and the factors influencing the adoption and strategies to promote IPM in vegetable cultivation have not been identified. Accordingly, this study was conducted to identify the level of IPM adoption and factors influencing the adoption of IPM in vegetable cultivation and to understand the strategies for promoting vegetable IPM in future. Primary data was collected by interviewing 290 farmer households. ‘Level of adoption’ and ‘farmers’ knowledge’ on nine practices used in IPM technique were tested and nine socio-economic variables were analyzed to identify the factors influencing the IPM adoption. Findings indicated that the main income source of the majority (68%) of respondents was from vegetable farming from which at least half of their household income was secured. A total of 47% farmers apply chemical pesticides before pests or diseases appear in the field as a routine activity, and without considering the ‘economic threshold level’. Although the majority (60%) of farmers have used the recommended dosage in spraying, mixing several pesticides when applying was common. According to the findings, although the term IPM was familiar to 44% of respondents, only 20% s had a certain level of understanding on the IPM technique. The adoption of IPM practices among farmers was not at a satisfactory level. Practices known and followed for a long time were better adopted compared to the practices which are relatively novel. Results also showed that despite the adoption of these practices, understanding of farmers regarding the benefits and the appropriate use of such practices was not at a satisfactory level. “Farmers’ knowledge on IPM” had a positive impact while the “proportionate income from vegetable cultivation” was negative on the level of IPM adoption. In addition, the results showed that gaps in policy and institutional setup, negative attitudes of farmers and officers on IPM were conduce for the lower adoption level of IPM in the vegetable cultivation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20478,"journal":{"name":"Procedia food science","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 208-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74851640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Oxidative Stability of Sesame (Sesamum Indicum), Soybean (Glycine Max) and Mahua (Mee) (Madhuca Longifolia) Oils Against Photo-Oxidation and Autoxidation","authors":"W.K.U.S. Walallawita ,&nbsp;D. Bopitiya ,&nbsp;S. Sivakanthan ,&nbsp;N.W.I.A. Jayawardana ,&nbsp;T. Madhujith","doi":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lipid oxidation is one of the major causes of food spoilage. This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the oxidative stability of sesame (<em>Sesamum indicum</em>), soybean (<em>Glycine max</em>) and mahua (<em>Madhuca longifolia</em>) against photooxidation and autoxidation. Stability of oils against photo-oxidation and autoxidation was determined by exposing the oils to florescent light over 28 days and storing the oils at an elevated temperature (60<!--> <!-->°C) for 28 days, respectively. The level of oxidation was determined by measuring peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), conjugated dienes (CD) and conjugated trienes (CT). Sesame oil exhibited the strongest oxidative stability against both photo-oxidation and autoxidation while Mahua oil exhibited the least stability highest both photo-oxidation and autoxidation as measured by primary oxidative products. However, Mahua oil showed the strongest stability against both photo-oxidation and autoxidation as measured by secondary oxidative products. In conclusion, higher oxidative stability was shown by the Mahua oil than sesame and soybean oils for photooxidation and autoxidation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20478,"journal":{"name":"Procedia food science","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 204-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.050","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75063930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictions of Microbial Thermal Inactivation in Solid Foods: Isothermal and Non-isothermal Conditions","authors":"Maria M. Gil ,&nbsp;Fátima A. Miller ,&nbsp;Teresa R.S. Brandão ,&nbsp;Cristina L.M. Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work focuses on the use of the Gompertz-inspired model to predict the thermal inactivation behaviour of microorganisms obtained in solid food products, validated for isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. Experiments were carried out in parsley, artificially inoculated with <em>Listeria innocua</em>. For the isothermal conditions tested, the predictive ability of the model was confined. The higher the temperature, the higher deviations observed (i.e. the model underestimates the inactivation behaviour). However, for the non-isothermal condition tested, the model predicted the microbial response accurately.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20478,"journal":{"name":"Procedia food science","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 154-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.profoo.2016.06.006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78796755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dose-response Modelling of Staphylococcal Enterotoxins Using Outbreak Data","authors":"Laurent Guillier,&nbsp;Hélène Bergis,&nbsp;Florence Guillier,&nbsp;Véronique Noel,&nbsp;Frédéric Auvray,&nbsp;Jacques-Antoine Hennekinne","doi":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP) is one of the most common food-borne diseases and results from the ingestion of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs). Yet, small amount of data are available for establishing a dose response. The objective of this work was to build a dose response relation based on the systematic investigations carried out during recent years in France. Over the period 2010-2014, more than 60 SFP outbreaks involving SEs, mainly from France, were microbiologically investigated. The enterotoxins were characterized as well as quantified. Attack rates, appearance times and natures of symptoms collected during epidemiological investigations were related to microbiological data. The outbreaks collected focused on enterotoxins SEA, SEB, SEC, and SED. Distribution of appearance times of symptoms and their natures were not influenced by the type of enterotoxins. The US EPA benchmark dose (BMD) methodology was then used to establish dose response. Attack rates of SFP outbreaks were modelled as a function of ingested doses and a BMD have been estimated for SEA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20478,"journal":{"name":"Procedia food science","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 129-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.profoo.2016.05.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80701748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Food Labeling Information on Consumer Purchasing Decision: With Special Reference to Faculty of Agricultural Sciences","authors":"B.E.S. Bandara,&nbsp;D.A.M. De Silva,&nbsp;B.C.H. Maduwanthi,&nbsp;W.A.A.I. Warunasinghe","doi":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Consumer's attitudes towards the nutritional aspect of the foods are increasing rapidly. In this context, labels of food products play a significant role in providing the relevant nutrition information to consumers. This study was conducted with a view of identifying important nutritional labeling aspects that consumers would examine at the time of purchasing. Ultimate objective was to draw conclusions that provide important information for the food processors about consumer behavior in related to food nutritional aspects and the purchasing intention. Pre-tested structured questionnaire was employed to collect data from random sample of 90 respondents. Rank Based Quotient test and descriptive analytical tools were used to analyze the data. This study shows that majority of the respondents tend to examine the labels when making the purchasing decision due to evaluate the suitability of the food product for vegetarians, religious reasons, to avoid diseases related to food and to check whether the food is organically grown or not. Complicated life styles, their brand loyalty and complicated nature of food labels were the major reasons for not examine food labels. The promising opinions of respondents on existence of food labels were to know the expiry date, to know the nutritional composition and as a legal requirement. Majority of the consumers importantly concern on nutrient status. Monosodium Glutamate content strongly influence the purchasing decision of considerable fraction of the respondents. Name of the food was rated the most important mandatory labeling information. Food safety, environmental protection, origin of the food and brand reputation were the most concerning factors when observing food labels in the process of purchasing food products. According to the Suggestions produced by the respondents, making information easier to understand, standardizing the presentation information, creating colorful and attractive labels were highlighted as the major suggestions. Eventually findings of this study suggests food producers should draw and implement the strategies by considering above key results in order to improve the status of food labeling as well as nutritional status of the consumers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20478,"journal":{"name":"Procedia food science","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 309-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77376995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards Community Driven Food Safety Model Repositories","authors":"Matthias Filter,&nbsp;Carolina Plaza-Rodríguez,&nbsp;Christian Thoens,&nbsp;Annemarie Kaesbohrer,&nbsp;Bernd Appel","doi":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Transferring predictive microbial models from research into real world food manufacturing or risk assessment applications is still a challenge for members of the food safety modelling community. Such knowledge transfer could be facilitated if publicly available food safety model repositories would exist.</p><p>This research therefore aimed at identification of missing resources hampering the establishment of community driven food safety model repositories. Existing solutions in related scientific disciplines like Systems Biology and Data Mining were analyzed.</p><p>On the basis of this analysis, some factors which would promote the establishment of community driven model repositories were identified – among them: a standardized information exchange format for models and rules for model annotation. As a consequence a proposal for a Predictive Modelling in Food Markup Language (PMF-ML) together with a prototypic implementation on the basis of the Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML) has been developed. In addition the adoption of MIRIAM guidelines for model annotation is proposed. In order to demonstrate the practicability of the proposed strategy, existing predictive models previously published in the scientific literature were re-implemented using an open source software tool called PMM-Lab. The models are made publicly available in the first community Food Safety Model Repository called openFSMR (<span>https://sites.google.com/site/openfsmr/</span><svg><path></path></svg>).</p><p>This work illustrates that a standardized information exchange format for predictive microbial models can be established by adoption of resources from Systems Biology. Harmonized description and annotation of predictive models will also contribute to increased transparency and quality of food safety models.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20478,"journal":{"name":"Procedia food science","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 105-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.098","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81281070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the Impact of Biological and Experimental Variability Near the Growth Boundaries on the Stochastic Responses of Growth, Gene Transcription and Acid Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes","authors":"P.I. Makariti,&nbsp;D. Siderakou,&nbsp;N.P. Skandamis","doi":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.06.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hereby, we showed that the experimental and biological variability in culture preparation had little effect on the stochastic outcome of: (i) growth, (ii) relative transcription of stress- (<em>gad2, sigB</em>) and virulence- (<em>prfA</em>) associated genes and (iii) subsequent acid resistance of <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em>, across growth/ no growth boundaries regarding combinations of pH (4.8-7.2) (HCl) and NaCl (0-8% w/v) at 7^oC. Variability of bacterial response, as described by the coefficient of variation (CV) and root mean square error (RMSE) was affected mainly by the previously pH and NaCl conditions that the pathogen had experienced. High biological variability regarding growth potential of the pathogen, was observed in conditions across growth boundaries (at 7^oC), such as pH 5.5-6.4 and NaCl 2-8% w/v, as manifested by the highly ranged growth parameters (CV_areas 18.3% - 49%, RMSE_areas 8.7-13.9, RMSE_lag _time 9.3-31.2), while acid resistance (pH 2.0, HCl, 37 °C) was highly variable when pathogen habituated pH (5.0-5.2) and NaCl (2% w/v) resulting in average D1 (3-6<!--> <!-->min) and D2 (14-16<!--> <!-->min) of high variability (CV_D1 28-35%; CV_D2 35-60%). Moreover at the same conditions the highest upregulation of <em>gad2</em> was observed with high biological variability of RMSE_{<em>gad2</em>} 2.8, while relative transcription levels of <em>pfrA</em> ranged from 0.60 to 4.22, indicating the potential risk derived from the stochastic bacterial response (up- or down- regulation) regarding induction of virulence mechanisms in growth boundary conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20478,"journal":{"name":"Procedia food science","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 158-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.profoo.2016.06.007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84650411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive Microbiology Models and Operational Readiness","authors":"Laurent Guillier","doi":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A diverse field of predictive microbiology models has emerged in the past 30 years and has advanced our understanding of microbial behavior in foods. As most of published models have for objective to provide operationally relevant information to decision makers, predictive microbiology models have now found their place within both the academic, and the food industrial communities.</p><p>Given the importance of these models to food safety, the decision makers are in need of evidence-based advices in order to assess confidence in the predictions provided by models they use. The objectives of this work were (i) to review current approaches in predictive microbiology used to build, verify and validate models, and (ii) to propose a categorization scheme that would tend to define a model's viability for use in an operational setting.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20478,"journal":{"name":"Procedia food science","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 133-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.profoo.2016.05.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91404596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Urine as a Low Cost and Effective Nitrogen Fertilizer for Bean Production","authors":"E.S.S. Ranasinghe,&nbsp;C.L.S.M. Karunarathne,&nbsp;C.K. Beneragama,&nbsp;B.G.G. Wijesooriya","doi":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The overuse and misuse of chemical fertilizers attributed to critical environmental and health problems such as Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in Sri Lanka. Therefore, there is a growing trend among present researches to explore low cost, effective fertilizer substitutes for inorgnaic fertilizers in cropproduction. Human urine is a liquid waste rich in essential plant nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium. This study was conducted to explorethe possibility of utilizing human urine in edible crop production as a low cost and effective nitrogen fertilizer. The study was conducted in a greenhouse using bushita bean (<em>Phaseolus vulgaris</em> L.) as crop species. Five treatments: T1 (Albert solution), T2 (Agriculture department recommendation for nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), potassium (K) fertilizers; Urea, TSP and MOP), T3 (Human urine; nitrogen concentration adjusted to 20% less than the nitrogen concentration in T2), T4 (Human urine; nitrogen concentration adjusted similar to T2), and T5 (human urine; nitrogen concentration adjusted to 20% more than the concentration in T2) were applied three weeks after planting. Results revealed that T5 showed the highest increase in plant height, leaf area, root dry weight and total nitrogen content of leaves. Bean yield was significantly higher (p&lt;0.05) in plants received T1 and T2 compared to urine-fertilized treatments. Even though, bean yields of urine-fertilized treatments (T1, T2 and T3) not directly comparable to that in the industrial-fertilized treatments (T1 and T2) were at a satisfactory level. The urine treatments were more cost effective than T1 and T2. Based on the results, we suggest that urine can effectively be used as a nitrogen fertilizer substitute in agricultural production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20478,"journal":{"name":"Procedia food science","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 279-282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90838191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling the Probability of Growth and Aflatoxin B1 Production of Aspergillus Flavus under Changing Temperature Conditions in Pistachio Nuts","authors":"Laila Aldars-García,&nbsp;Antonio J. Ramos,&nbsp;Vicente Sanchis,&nbsp;Sonia Marín","doi":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this work was to use probability models for the prediction of growth and aflatoxin production by <em>Aspergillus flavus</em> as a strategy to mitigate the aflatoxin presence in pistachio nuts during postharvest. Logistic models, with temperature and time as explanatory variables, were fitted to the probability of growth and aflatoxin B₁ (AFB1) production under constant temperature levels, afterwards they were used to predict probabilities under non-isothermal scenarios. The models obtained showed levels of concordance from 80 to 100% in most of the cases. Moreover, the presence of AFB1 in pistachio nuts could be correctly predicted through AFB1 models developed in agar medium or through growth models in pistachio nuts. These findings can support decision making, at transport and storage level, and could be used by producers and processors to predict the time for AFB1 production by <em>A. flavus</em> in pistachio nuts in postharvest.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20478,"journal":{"name":"Procedia food science","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 76-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83541812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}