Procedia food science最新文献

{"title":"Nutrition Security in Sri Lanka","authors":"K.D.C.E. Liyanage","doi":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20478,"journal":{"name":"Procedia food science","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 40-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76146468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extraction of Agricultural Phenological Parameters of Sri Lanka Using MODIS, NDVI Time Series Data","authors":"W.G.N.N. Jayawardhana ,&nbsp;V.M.I. Chathurange","doi":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Management of crops is an essential part in the food production procedure. Having a thorough knowledge of growth stages of each crop is of paramount importance in this respect. Phenology (transplanting, panicle formation, flowering etc) is the study of cyclic and seasonal natural phenomena that are controlled by environmental and climatic factors. Monitoring the crop condition manually in the field is difficult and time consuming. Therefore recently, several methods have been introduced by using satellite derived vegetation indices. Extraction of phenological parameters is helpful for the purposes like irrigation management, nutrient management, health management, yield prediction and crop type mapping. Easily extracted parameters will be the important data base for agricultural researchers. This research is an attempt to extract paddy phenological parameters of Sri Lanka by using 16 years’ (2000 to 2015) Time series MODIS Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), which is highly sensitive for the green vegetation and the data were analysed using SPIRITS and TIMESAT software's. Periodicity converter in SPIRITS and Savitzky Golay filtering in TIMESAT and SPIRITS are helpful in smoothing the time series which are perturbed by noise due to missing values and Clouds. Phenology is considered as a sensitive climate change indicator but, it is very essential to have a comprehensive familiarity about the method of water supply that the study area is irrigated or rain fed so as to eliminate the wrong interpretation. As results, average of long time series of NDVI profile for a few agro ecological zones of Sri Lanka with extracted seven parameters (Start of the season, End of the season, Length of the season, Booting date, Base value, Maximum NDVI during the Season, Amplitude) and generated phenological parameter maps are presented here. The crop phenology is a very important element of agricultural monitoring, to ensure the security of the food crop production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20478,"journal":{"name":"Procedia food science","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 235-241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77965096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Study on Organoleptic, Microbiological and Chemical Qualities of Dried Fish, Goldstripe Sardinella(Sardinella Gibbosa) with Low Salt Levels and Spices","authors":"S.G.L.I. Nuwanthi ,&nbsp;S.S.K. Madage ,&nbsp;I.G.N. Hewajulige ,&nbsp;R.G.S. Wijesekera","doi":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dried fish is very important component in Sri Lankan fishery productswhile current domestic production is estimated at around 40,000 tons per year. Generally, dried fish production in Sri Lanka is based on traditional methodology where 30% of salt is used averagely. Use of excess amount of salt can have negative health effects. Therefore production of dried fish with low salt is very important.Accordingly, partial substitution of salt with alternative substances can be done. Current study aimed at evaluating the effect of low levels of salt and combined effect of low salt and spices on quality of dried fish. The study was carried out using eviscerated and cleaned up GoldstripeSardinella with 0% (T1), 5% (T2), 10% (T3) salt levels and two different combinations of salt and spices (1%salt with 0.2%turmeric, 0.5%chlli, 0.5%pepper (T4) and 2%salt with 0.2%turmeric, 0.2%chlli, 0.2%pepper (T5)). Hot air dehydrator (65-70<!--> <!-->°C) was used for fish drying. Chemical (moisture, water activity (a_w), Total volatile nitrogen (TVN), and sodium chloride), physical (texture and rehydration), microbiological (APC, mould and yeast count and coliform count) properties and sensory attributes of experimentally prepared dried fish were investigated. The chemical parameters for all treatments were significantly different (<em>p&lt;0.05</em>) while physical parameters were not (<em>p&gt;0.05</em>). T2 indicated the best chemical quality. The values for moisture, a_w, sodium chloride, TVN, texture and rehydration for T2, were 11.6584±0.03, 0.591±0.002, 12.43±0.15, 59.43<!--> <!-->mg/100g±12.86, 1.54kg±0.14 and 12.70±3.54 respectively. T2 and T3 had least microbial counts while T1 and T5 had highest microbial count. But T5 had highest scores for all sensory attributes indicating consumer preference for low salt and spicy taste regardless of high TVN content and poor microbial quality.Therefore it is essential to improve the methodology to enhance the quality of low salt and spices added dried fish.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20478,"journal":{"name":"Procedia food science","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 356-361"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87727783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sequencing and Identification of Different Salmonella Species in Cocoa Beans Treated with Gamma Irradiation","authors":"A. Flores Granados ,&nbsp;N. Ruiz Quiñones ,&nbsp;F. Fantinatti Garboggini ,&nbsp;P. Efraim ,&nbsp;M.C. Teixeira Duarte","doi":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gamma irradiation is an effective way to eliminate the bacterial load in cocoa beans. During harvesting these are exposed to various factors of contamination. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of gamma irradiation on the presence of <em>Salmonella spp</em> considered a microbiological risk in chocolate. Cocoa samples (n = 31) were treated with three doses of gamma irradiation (2, 3 and 5 kGy) besides a control sample without irradiation. The PCR method revealed 22 bacteria (n = 124) with Salm3-Salm4 amplified. The DNA sequencing method confirmed the presence of two isolates who belong to <em>Salmonella spp.</em> and 20 belonging to <em>Klebsiella sp</em> and <em>Enterobacter sp</em>. These results were retrieved from the control samples and irradiation 2kGy, while radiation 3 to 5 kGy no growth of microorganisms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20478,"journal":{"name":"Procedia food science","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 5-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.074","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90648031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon Footprint of Rubber/Sugarcane Intercropping System in Sri Lanka: A Case Study","authors":"P.R. Kumara ,&nbsp;E.S. Munasinghe ,&nbsp;V.H.L. Rodrigo ,&nbsp;A.S. Karunaratna","doi":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The global climate has been changing with the elevated CO₂ in the atmosphere; hence identification of effective measures to mitigate or combat the adverse effects of climate change is at uttermost importance. The goal of Government of Sri Lanka (GoSL) for planting 40,000<!--> <!-->ha of rubber (<em>Hevea brasiliensis</em> Muell. Arg<em>.</em>) in the Uva province may partly address this issue sequestering the key greenhouse gas (GHG), CO2. Farmers in the area usually practice intercropping sugarcane (<em>Saccharum officinarum</em>) under immature rubber plants for extra income during the initial period of rubber cultivation. In the process of valuing rubber cultivation in mitigating the climate change effect, information on net greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from rubber/sugarcane intercropping system is required. Being scanty of such knowledge, this study was aimed to estimate the carbon footprint in the cultivation of rubber/sugarcane intercropping system in Sri Lanka.GHG emissions from the cultivation of rubber and sugarcane were calculated using the information available in the smallholdings having rubber/sugarcane intercropping in Monaragala district (IL2). GHG emission resulting from raw rubber processing, i.e. Ribbed Smoked Sheets (RSS) and Crepe Rubber (CR), was assessed using the data available in Kumarawatta Estate, Monaragala and Dartonfield Estate, Agalawatta, respectively. Also, GHG emission resulting from processing refined sugar was gathered from Palwatta Sugar Industries (Ltd), Monaragala. Carbon sequestration capacities of both crops were adopted from previous studies. Guidelines of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) were used in the estimation of carbon footprint. GHG emission in the process of cultivating rubber for its lifespan (30 years) was 65.15 CO2-eq ton/ha. When sugarcane was cultivated in rubber lands for four year period as a rubber/sugarcane intercropping system, GHG emission increased only by 9.72 CO2-eq ton/ha. Processing of RSS throughout the lifespan was responsible for additional 93.49 CO2-eq ton/ha emission whilst that for processing CR was limited to 50.14 CO2-eq ton/ha. Processing of refined sugar during four year intercropping period was accountable only for 0.62 CO2-eq ton/ha emission. In conclusion, carbon footprint (Net GHG emission) of cultivating rubber/sugarcane intercrop to produce CR and refined sugar was -1537.02 CO2-eq ton/ha/30yr whilst that for RSS and refined sugar was -1493.73 CO2-eq ton/ha/30yr. Increase in carbon footprint by intercropping sugarcane was only ca. 0.5% over mono cropping rubber. Potential application of this information in developing carbon trading projects is discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20478,"journal":{"name":"Procedia food science","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 298-302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75820953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptation to Climate Change by Smallholder Farmers in Rural Communities: Evidence from Sri Lanka","authors":"L.M.C.S. Menike ,&nbsp;K.A.G.P. Keeragala Arachchi","doi":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The agricultural sector plays a key role in Sri Lankan economy, whose major source of livelihoods is smallholder farming in paddy and vegetable cultivation which is highly vulnerable to climate changes having negative impact on food security. To overcome the welfare losses, the smallholder farmers need to identify the changes in climatic variables and adjust to their farming practices to cope up with the climate change. Thus, this study examines how rural smallholder farmers in different agro-ecological zones in Sri Lanka perceive climate change and accordingly adapt to it in their agricultural practices. A questionnaire survey was conducted with a random sample of 125 farmer households distributed in most vulnerable four agro-ecological zones namely, Belihuloya, Ihala Galagama, Mulgama and Kosgama in up country inter mediate zone. The study shows that all the respondents have observed rising trends in temperature and winds and lack of adequate rainfall during last twenty years and in response they have grown short season crops as the main farming practice to adapt to minimize the potential losses on their yields. The results of the logistic regression revealed that social economic factors, environmental factors, institutional factors and the economic structure influence farmers’ choice of adaptation methods to climate change. The size of the household, income, education, accessibility to climate information through television and radio, being a member in farmers’ group, location of the land, crop variety, access to formal loans and distance to input markets had significantly affected adaptation. For instance the farmers who grow beans as the major crop to adapt to climate change has 94% probability with compared to those farmers who do not grow other crops whereas the farmers who come to know the changing patterns of the climate through television and radio have a higher probability (94%) of adaptation to the climate change than those who use other media. Sri Lankan government requires facilitating the smallholder farmers to overcome the constraints in which they face in using adaptation methods to climate change so that the welfare of the farmers and growth of the agricultural sector can be ensured.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20478,"journal":{"name":"Procedia food science","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 288-292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75958959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Capacity of Extensively Used Medicinal Plants in Sri Lanka","authors":"C. Jayathilake,&nbsp;V. Rizliya,&nbsp;R. Liyanage","doi":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The burden of chronic diseases is rapidly increasing worldwide. Diet and nutrition are important factors in the promotion and maintenance of good health throughout the entire life course. Physiological and biochemical alterations in the human body may result in overproduction of free radicals leading to oxidative damage to biomolecules (e.g. lipids, proteins, DNA). Use of medicinal plant based products has increased recently because of their exerted beneficial properties such as antioxidant, anticancer, hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic activities. The present study was designed to assess the <em>in vitro</em> antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging capacity of ten medicinal plants which are extensively used in the Ayurvedic treatment systems in Sri Lanka. Water extracts were prepared and evaluated for their free-radical scavenging capacity and antioxidant activity using a number of chemical assays; DPPH, ABTS and FRAP. The total Phenolic (TPC) and Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) were also assessed. The TPC and TFC values of the extracts varied from 295.94±3.65 – 5.22±0.08 (mg Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE)/g dry weight) and 115.01±1.69 – 0.97±0.002 (mg Catechin Equivalent (CE)/g dry weight) respectively. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were higher for the Nelli (<em>Phyllanthus emblica</em>) extract while the least activity was observed in Venivel (<em>Cosciniumfenestratum</em>) extract. The FRAP activity of the extracts was well proved with the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. A positive, significant linear relationship between antioxidant activity and TPC and TFC content showed that phenolic compounds and flavonoids were the dominant antioxidant components in the medicinal herbs studied.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20478,"journal":{"name":"Procedia food science","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 123-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80786806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of UV-C Radiation on Shelf life of Vacuum Package Colossoma Macropomum x Piaractus Mesopotamicus Fillets","authors":"Fernanda de Oliveira Bottino ,&nbsp;Bruna Leal Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Joanna Damazio de Nunes Ribeiro ,&nbsp;César Aquiles Lázaro ,&nbsp;Carlos Adam Conte-Junior","doi":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Colossoma macropomum x Piaractus mesopotamicus</em> (CP) is a freshwater fish with greatest commercial importance in Brazil. Fillets of CP are highly perishable food and preservation technology with UV-C could improve food safety and extend shelf life. Fillet samples were submitted at UV-C (55.83mJ/cm²) and examined for mesophilic and psychrotrophic count and biogenic amines over 6 days. UV-C reduced the bacterial growth and number of colonies in the stationary phase; also increase the levels of cadaverine, putrescine and histamine. The results suggest that UV-C enhanced the shelf-life of CP fillets by at least 50%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20478,"journal":{"name":"Procedia food science","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 13-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77629739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth Kinetics Parameters of Salmonella spp. in the Peel and in the Pulp of Custard Apple (Annona Squamosa)","authors":"Ana Carolina B. Rezende,&nbsp;Juliana Crucello,&nbsp;Rafael Chelala Moreira,&nbsp;Anderson de Souza Sant’Ana","doi":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The growth kinetic parameters (maximum growth rate, μ; lag time, λ and maximum population, k) of <em>Salmonella</em> spp. on the peel and in the pulp custard apple at 10, 15, 20 and 30°C were determinated. Samples of peel and pulp of custard apple were inoculated with a cocktail of three strains of <em>Salmonella</em> spp. (S. Typhimurium, <em>S</em>. Enteretidis and <em>S</em>. Montevideo) and further stored at 10, 15, 20 and 30°C. <em>Salmonella</em> can survive and multiply in both, the peel and in the pulp of the custard apple. Lower temperatures retard, but do not prevent <em>Salmonella</em> growth.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20478,"journal":{"name":"Procedia food science","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.073","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85104656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robustness of a Cross Contamination Model Describing Transfer of Pathogens During Grinding of Meat","authors":"C.O. de A. Møller ,&nbsp;A.S. Sant’Ana ,&nbsp;S.K.H. Hansen ,&nbsp;M.J. Nauta ,&nbsp;L.P. Silva ,&nbsp;V.O. Alvarenga ,&nbsp;D. Maffei ,&nbsp;F. Pacheco ,&nbsp;J. Lopes ,&nbsp;B.D.G.M. Franco ,&nbsp;S. Aabo ,&nbsp;T.B. Hansen","doi":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to evaluate a cross contamination model¹ for its capability of describing transfer of <em>Salmonella</em> spp. and <em>L. monocytogenes</em> during grinding of varying sizes and numbers of pieces of meats in two grinder systems. Data from 19 trials were collected. Three evaluation approaches were applied: <em>i</em>) Acceptable Simulation Zone method compared observed with simulated transfer, <em>ii</em>) each trial was fitted and parameters were integrated in a Quantitative Microbiological Risk Assessment model, <em>iii</em>) the Total Transfer Potential was calculated from fitted parameters. Risk estimates revealed that grinding was influenced by sharpness of grinder knife, specific grinder and grinding temperature.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20478,"journal":{"name":"Procedia food science","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 97-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.096","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79671353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}