IF 1.5 4区生物学

Primates Pub Date : 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-025-01218-z

Cathy G Rubio Corona, Ariadna Rangel Negrín, Pedro A D Dias

{"title":"Spatial organization of mantled howler monkeys in relation to dog disturbance.","authors":"Cathy G Rubio Corona, Ariadna Rangel Negrín, Pedro A D Dias","doi":"10.1007/s10329-025-01218-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-025-01218-z","url":null,"abstract":"Predation risk fundamentally shapes primate social structure by influencing cooperation, competition, and spatial organization within groups. Although domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) represent one of the world's most impactful invasive species affecting wildlife, their influence on primate social structure remains largely understudied. We examined how dog presence and barks influence interindividual proximity among group members in mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata). We studied two habituated groups (10 and 8 adults, respectively) in Veracruz, Mexico, combining 242 h of observational data with experimental playbacks of dog barks at different intensities (40 and 80 dB). We calculated proximity indices from instantaneous sampling of interindividual proximity. Howler monkeys were closer immediately following exposure to dogs, partially supporting our hypothesis that interindividual proximity would change in response to dogs. Contrary to predictions, individuals were farther from each other as bark intensity increased and as proximity to dog stimuli decreased. During longer timeframes, individuals were closer when exposed to low-intensity barks compared to periods without dog stimuli. These findings demonstrate that dogs influence howler monkey spatial organization through context-dependent effects that vary with stimulus characteristics and temporal scale. Despite the short-term nature of this study, the consistency between observational and experimental results suggests these patterns are reliable. Therefore, these results contribute to our understanding of how invasive predators affect primate social structure and highlight the importance of managing free-ranging dogs in areas where they overlap with wildlife populations.","PeriodicalId":20468,"journal":{"name":"Primates","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145286760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Changing views of evaluating species differences in comparative psychology. 比较心理学中物种差异评价观点的变化。

IF 1.5 4区生物学

Primates Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-025-01216-1

Kim A Bard

引用次数: 0

Greater occupancy of invasive hybrid marmosets compared to a threatened native species in the fragmented Atlantic Forest: implications for conservation. 在支离破碎的大西洋森林中，与受威胁的本地物种相比，入侵杂交狨猴的占用率更高：对保护的影响。

IF 1.5 4区生物学

Primates Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-025-01214-3

Samuel Lucas Brasileiro Silvério, Orlando Vitor Vital, Rodrigo Lima Massara, Felipe Santos Pacheco, Rodolfo da Cunha Sarcinelli, Fabiano Rodrigues de Melo

{"title":"Greater occupancy of invasive hybrid marmosets compared to a threatened native species in the fragmented Atlantic Forest: implications for conservation.","authors":"Samuel Lucas Brasileiro Silvério, Orlando Vitor Vital, Rodrigo Lima Massara, Felipe Santos Pacheco, Rodolfo da Cunha Sarcinelli, Fabiano Rodrigues de Melo","doi":"10.1007/s10329-025-01214-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-025-01214-3","url":null,"abstract":"Endemic to the Atlantic Forest, Callithrix aurita faces endangerment due to habitat loss, fragmentation, and yellow fever epidemics, exacerbated by the introduction of non-native marmoset species, which heightens the risk of competition, hybridization, and genetic erosion. In this study, we employed playback methods and occupancy models to investigate habitat use by C. aurita and hybrid marmoset groups (Callithrix spp.) across 15 forest fragments in Guidoval, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. We examined the influence of forest connectivity and distance from Guidoval's urban center on the occupancy of both C. aurita and Callithrix spp. We also assessed the influence of fragment size on their detection probability. Our findings revealed a mean occupancy probability of 0.65 for C. aurita and 0.83 for Callithrix spp. Interestingly, C. aurita occupancy correlated negatively with distance from Guidoval's urban center, possibly due to historical fragmentation processes that provided protection to certain groups in closer, less invaded fragments. Conversely, Callithrix spp. occupancy showed no correlation with any variable, highlighting their adaptability and raising concerns about their potential to threaten native species through hybridization and substitution. Additionally, fragment size did not influence detection probability of both taxa, this implies that the sampled areas may not be large enough for this variable to have an effect. Overall, our results underscore the urgent need for conservation efforts to mitigate the impacts of habitat fragmentation and invasive species on endangered marmoset populations in the Atlantic Forest.","PeriodicalId":20468,"journal":{"name":"Primates","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145081409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The perineal organ of male red colobus: its structure and possible social function as a mimic of female genitalia. 雄性红疣的会阴器官：其结构和可能的社会功能，作为一个雌性生殖器的模仿者。

IF 1.5 4区生物学

Primates Pub Date : 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-025-01215-2

Thomas T Struhsaker

引用次数: 0

The effects of background noise and behavioral context on the acoustic characteristics of coo calls in Japanese macaques. 背景噪声和行为环境对日本猕猴低吟叫声声学特性的影响。

IF 1.5 4区生物学

Primates Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-025-01213-4

Noriko Katsu, Kazuo Inami, Kazunori Yamada

{"title":"The effects of background noise and behavioral context on the acoustic characteristics of coo calls in Japanese macaques.","authors":"Noriko Katsu, Kazuo Inami, Kazunori Yamada","doi":"10.1007/s10329-025-01213-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-025-01213-4","url":null,"abstract":"Anthropogenic noise may affect the spectral and temporal structures of contact calls in wild non-human primates. However, most studies have compared groups living at varying distances from noise sources, while few have focused on the relationship between specific noise types and vocalizations at the individual level, which is necessary to examine vocal plasticity. We aimed to clarify the effects of background noise on the acoustic characteristics of coo calls of Japanese macaques on an individual basis; thus, we examined the effects of noise levels, behavioral context, and number of individuals in proximity on the duration and spectral measure of calls. We conducted focal observations of adult female Japanese macaques, and recorded coo calls and background noise levels. We analyzed 128 calls from nine subjects and found that the start and mean frequencies of coo calls were higher at higher noise levels. The call duration and frequency modulations were higher when the number of individuals in proximity was lower and the end frequency was higher during foraging and moving. These findings suggest that different factors affect the acoustic characteristics of the coo calls of Japanese macaques simultaneously. The most intense background noise sources were typically low-frequency sources that overlapped the frequency bands of the calls. Hence, they exerted a profound influence on call acoustics, which is consistent with the results of previous studies. Within-individual adjustments to ambient noise indicate vocal plasticity, enabling efficient signal transmission to the receiver.","PeriodicalId":20468,"journal":{"name":"Primates","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An overlooked hotspot: persistence of large polyspecific assemblages of threatened primates in the unprotected Yabassi Key Biodiversity Area. 一个被忽视的热点：在未受保护的Yabassi关键生物多样性区，受威胁灵长类动物的大型多种组合的持续存在。

IF 1.5 4区生物学

Primates Pub Date : 2025-09-02 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-025-01212-5

Vianny Rodel Vouffo Nguimdo, Ekwoge Enang Abwe, Nelson Ekole Betobe, Bethan Jane Morgan, Matthias Waltert

{"title":"An overlooked hotspot: persistence of large polyspecific assemblages of threatened primates in the unprotected Yabassi Key Biodiversity Area.","authors":"Vianny Rodel Vouffo Nguimdo, Ekwoge Enang Abwe, Nelson Ekole Betobe, Bethan Jane Morgan, Matthias Waltert","doi":"10.1007/s10329-025-01212-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-025-01212-5","url":null,"abstract":"The Gulf of Guinea rainforests, renowned for exceptional primate endemism, are increasingly fragmented and face severe hunting-induced defaunation. However, the long-term persistence of primate assemblages in these hunted forests remains understudied. The unprotected Ebo-Ndokbou-Makombe landscape, designated the Yabassi Key Biodiversity Area (YKBA), represents one of the region's largest remaining forest tracts, yet its primate community is largely unexplored. Research and conservation efforts within this landscape predominantly focus on the Ebo block to protect its cryptic gorilla population, while Ndokbou and Makombe receive less attention. Here, we assess the persistence and polyspecific assemblages of diurnal primates across the three forest blocks. From January to December 2019, we surveyed over 1,500 km of reconnaissance walks and sighted seven IUCN Threatened and one Near-Threatened species, including chimpanzees Pan troglodytes ellioti (56 groups and 296 nest groups), putty-nosed monkeys Cercopithecus nictitans (435 groups), crowned monkeys C. pogonias (251), red-eared monkeys C. erythrotis (122), mona monkeys C. mona (108), Preuss's monkeys Allochrocebus preussi (97), red-capped mangabeys Cercocebus torquatus (40), and drills Mandrillus leucophaeus (20). Notably, over 40% of primate encounters were polyspecific groups with up to five species. Despite conservation focus on Ebo, encounter rates, association patterns, and group sizes were comparable across Ebo, Ndokbou, and Makombe. Interestingly, primate encounter rates and assemblages in this unprotected landscape were also similar to observations in Korup National Park located within the same ecoregion. These findings underscore the critical conservation value of the YKBA and call for urgent landscape-scale interventions to mitigate hunting pressure and maintain habitat integrity.","PeriodicalId":20468,"journal":{"name":"Primates","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Responses to dying and dead adult companions in a free-ranging, provisioned group of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). 在一群自由放养的日本猕猴（Macaca fuscata）中，对垂死和死去的成年同伴的反应。

IF 1.5 4区生物学

Primates Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-24 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-025-01196-2

M Nakamichi, K Yamada

{"title":"Responses to dying and dead adult companions in a free-ranging, provisioned group of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata).","authors":"M Nakamichi, K Yamada","doi":"10.1007/s10329-025-01196-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10329-025-01196-2","url":null,"abstract":"We report behavioral responses to four dying and dead adult companions (two aged alpha males, one high-ranking adult male, and one aged, high-ranking female) in a free-ranging, provisioned group of Japanese macaques, with particular interest in whether external, visible bodily damage to the deceased individuals and social affinity with them influenced responses of group members. All but one moved away or stayed away from the dying or dead individuals when they noticed maggots on them, likely indicating an aversion to maggots (Cases 1, 2, and 3). However, some individuals remained near the corpse of an adult male that had no noticeable external damage, and a juvenile female whose mother was his most frequent proximity partner groomed him (Case 4). One adult female who ate maggots while grooming the dying alpha male (Case 1) and most individuals who remained relatively close to another alpha male's rain-drenched dead body (Case 2) were also affiliated with those two alpha males prior to their deaths. We conclude that Japanese monkeys have a strong tendency to avoid dying and dead adult companions already infested with maggots but that some individuals with social affinity with the deceased may contact or at least remain near the latter for some time. We discuss monkeys' possible perceptions when encountering corpses, in relation to non-human primates' awareness of death.","PeriodicalId":20468,"journal":{"name":"Primates","volume":" ","pages":"439-448"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12391209/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144476430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Indigenous names matter, too: Tapanuli orangutan names reflect local community perceptions. 原住民的名字也很重要：Tapanuli猩猩的名字反映了当地社区的看法。

IF 1.5 4区生物学

Primates Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-025-01199-z

Rahmadi Sitompul, Kaniwa Berliani, Stanislav Lhota, Uli Kozok, Julius Paolo Siregar

{"title":"Indigenous names matter, too: Tapanuli orangutan names reflect local community perceptions.","authors":"Rahmadi Sitompul, Kaniwa Berliani, Stanislav Lhota, Uli Kozok, Julius Paolo Siregar","doi":"10.1007/s10329-025-01199-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10329-025-01199-z","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the meanings of names given to endangered animals is important because these names might influence how local communities perceive the animals. Influenced by name connotations, these perceptions may shape how communities support or oppose our conservation efforts. Conducted across nine villages within the Batang Toru ecosystem, this research involved 90 respondents. The study incorporated in-depth interviews and content analysis using a qualitative approach. Our findings reveal five local names for the Tapanuli orangutan: 'orang utan,' 'nihagatua,' 'mawas,' 'maos,' and 'juhut bontar.' The term 'juhut bontar,' which translates to bloody meat, is significantly linked to the perception of orangutans as bushmeat, reflecting an attitude not consistent with species conservation. Consequently, we recommend discontinuing this term in local conservation campaigns. Our sample size was insufficient to conclusively determine whether non-indigenous names with potentially positive connotations due to the meaning 'person of the forest' (i.e., 'orang utan' and 'nihagatua') or rather indigenous names with neutral meaning (i.e., 'mawas' and 'maos') support pro-conservation attitudes.","PeriodicalId":20468,"journal":{"name":"Primates","volume":" ","pages":"423-429"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Searching for evolutionary perspectives of human sociality through the eyes of gorillas. 通过大猩猩的眼睛寻找人类社会的进化视角。

IF 1.5 4区生物学

Primates Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-025-01198-0

Juichi Yamagiwa

{"title":"Searching for evolutionary perspectives of human sociality through the eyes of gorillas.","authors":"Juichi Yamagiwa","doi":"10.1007/s10329-025-01198-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10329-025-01198-0","url":null,"abstract":"Through primatology, I realized it was possible to examine sociality from a perspective outside of the human species. I joined Kyoto University's Laboratory of Physical Anthropology under the supervision of Imanishi Kinji and Itani Junichiro. I decided to pursue field-based discovery research on Japanese macaques and gorillas aligned with my mentor's frameworks. First, I traversed Japan, investigating macaque ecology, sociality, and morphologic variation. Next, Iinvestigated the socio-ecology of gorillas in Africa. I focused on Grauer's gorillas in Kahuzi-Biega National Park (Zaire), and mountain gorillas in Volcanoes National Park (Rwanda). These populations exhibited differences in the prevalence of multi-male groups, female migration patterns, and male group formations. Under the supervision of Dian Fossey in Rwanda, I studied male and group life histories. Following Fossey's tragic death and The movement of Karisoke Research Centre outside the park. I resolved to collaborate with local researchers and engage in community conservation activities. In Kahuzi, I studied the sympatric coexistence of gorillas and chimpanzees in higher and lower regions. They share habitats and diets but adopt different foraging strategies, particularly during periods of fruit scarcity. Early humans adopted a strategy of \"turning weaknesses into strengths.\"This approach enabled us to colonize diverse environments inaccessible to other primates. Modern society has shifted toward a strategy of \"amplifying strengths\" through technology, leading to significant degradation of the environment. Field studies of nonhuman primates can shed light on the nature and origins of human societies. Continuation of field research is crucial for envisioning and shaping a prosperous future for humanity.","PeriodicalId":20468,"journal":{"name":"Primates","volume":" ","pages":"411-422"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144584656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Activity budget and diet of the two groups of olive baboons (Papio anubis) in Chato Natural forest, western Ethiopia. 埃塞俄比亚西部查托天然林两群橄榄狒狒（Papio anubis）的活动预算和饮食。

IF 1.5 4区生物学

Primates Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-18 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-025-01207-2

Alemu Tolera, Tsegaye Gadisa, Habte Jebessa Debella, Tadesse Habtamu

{"title":"Activity budget and diet of the two groups of olive baboons (Papio anubis) in Chato Natural forest, western Ethiopia.","authors":"Alemu Tolera, Tsegaye Gadisa, Habte Jebessa Debella, Tadesse Habtamu","doi":"10.1007/s10329-025-01207-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10329-025-01207-2","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding activity time budgets is crucial for analyzing primate behavioral variability and adaptation to environmental changes. Given the close interaction between wildlife and humans, conservation and management efforts must consider these phenomena. This study investigated the diurnal activity budget and diet of the olive baboon (Papio anubis) in and around the Chato Natural Forest in Oromia region, Ethiopia. We focused on two troops, namely the Bareda troop (inhabiting marginal areas of the forest where human interference is high) and the Dukko troop (occupying the central area of the forest, with little human disturbance). We used scan sampling to collect data on diurnal activity patterns and dietary regime. Bareda troop spent most of their time feeding, followed by resting, and then moving. Dukko troop also spent most of their time feeding, although less than the Bareda troop, followed by resting and moving. Fruits were the primary food source, comprising 53.4-72.7% of Dukko troop's diet and 33-54.4% of Bareda troops. Leaves constituted the second most significant dietary component, being consumed 8.7-16.3% and 20.9-39.6% of the time by the two troops respectively. Human encroachment alters baboon behavior and activity patterns, increasing competition for resources and heightening conflicts with humans. To promote better human-wildlife coexistence, efforts should focus on minimizing, human interference in natural primate habitats, allowing the animals to thrive and reducing conflict with human.","PeriodicalId":20468,"journal":{"name":"Primates","volume":" ","pages":"475-482"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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