Primates最新文献

{"title":"Friends in high places: Interspecific grooming between chimpanzees and primate prey species in Budongo Forest.","authors":"Elodie Freymann,&nbsp;Michael A Huffman,&nbsp;Geresomu Muhumuza,&nbsp;Monday Mbotella Gideon,&nbsp;Klaus Zuberbühler,&nbsp;Catherine Hobaiter","doi":"10.1007/s10329-023-01053-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-023-01053-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While cases of interspecies grooming have been reported in primates, no comprehensive cross-site review has been published about this behavior in great apes. Only a few recorded observations of interspecies grooming events between chimpanzees and other primate species have been reported in the wild, all of which have thus far been in Uganda. Here, we review all interspecies grooming events recorded for the Sonso community chimpanzees in Budongo Forest Reserve, Uganda, adding five new observations to the single, previously reported event from this community. A new case of interspecies play involving three juvenile male chimpanzees and a red-tailed monkey is also detailed. All events took place between 1993 and 2021. In all of the six interspecific grooming events from Budongo, the 'groomer' was a female chimpanzee between the ages of 4-6 years, and the 'recipient' was a member of the genus Cercopithecus. In five of these events, chimpanzee groomers played with the tail of their interspecific grooming partners, and except for one case, initiated the interaction. In three cases, chimpanzee groomers smelled their fingers after touching distinct parts of the receiver's body. While a single function of chimpanzee interspecies grooming remains difficult to determine from these results, our review outlines and assesses some hypotheses for the general function of this behavior, as well as some of the costs and benefits for both the chimpanzee groomers and their sympatric interspecific receivers. As allogrooming is a universal behavior in chimpanzees, investigating the ultimate and proximate drivers of chimpanzee interspecies grooming may reveal further functions of allogrooming in our closest living relatives, and help us to better understand how chimpanzees distinguish between affiliative and agonistic species and contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":20468,"journal":{"name":"Primates","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9930027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9526871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Great apes reach momentary altered mental states by spinning.","authors":"Adriano R Lameira,&nbsp;Marcus Perlman","doi":"10.1007/s10329-023-01056-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-023-01056-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Among animals, humans stand out in their consummate propensity to self-induce altered states of mind. Archaeology, history and ethnography show these activities have taken place since the beginnings of civilization, yet their role in the emergence and evolution of the human mind itself remains debatable. The means through which modern humans actively alter their experience of self and reality frequently depend on psychoactive substances, but it is uncertain whether psychedelics or other drugs were part of the ecology or culture of pre-human ancestors. Moreover, (nonhuman) great apes in captivity are currently being retired from medical research, rendering comparative approaches thus far impracticable. Here, we circumvent this limitation by harnessing the breadth of publicly available YouTube data to show that apes engage in rope spinning during solitary play. When spinning, the apes achieved speeds sufficient to alter self-perception and situational awareness that were comparable to those tapped for transcendent experiences in humans (e.g. Sufi whirling), and the number of revolutions spun predicted behavioural evidence for dizziness. Thus, spinning serves as a self-sufficient means of changing body-mind responsiveness in hominids. A proclivity for such experiences is shared between humans and great apes, and provides an entry point for the comparative study of the mechanisms, functions, and adaptive value of altered states of mind in human evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":20468,"journal":{"name":"Primates","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10185630/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9566287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping suitable habitat for Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzees in Kom-Wum Forest Reserve, North-Western Cameroon.","authors":"Chefor Fotang,&nbsp;Udo Bröring,&nbsp;Christian Roos,&nbsp;Paul Dutton,&nbsp;Luc Roscelin Dongmo Tédonzong,&nbsp;Jacob Willie,&nbsp;Tsi Evaristus Angwafo,&nbsp;Yisa Ginath Yuh,&nbsp;Peter Schierack,&nbsp;Klaus Birkhofer","doi":"10.1007/s10329-023-01054-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-023-01054-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Great apes lose suitable habitats required for their reproduction and survival due to human activities across their distribution range in Africa. Little is known about habitat suitability of the Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzee [Pan troglodytes ellioti (Matschie, 1914)], particularly for populations inhabiting forest reserves in North-West Cameroon. To address this knowledge gap, we employed a common species distribution model (MaxEnt) to map and predict suitable habitats for the Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzee in Kom-Wum Forest Reserve, North-West Cameroon, based on environmental factors that potentially affect habitat suitability. We related these environmental factors to a dataset of chimpanzee occurrence points recorded during line transect and reconnaissance (recce) surveys in the forest reserve and surrounding forests.  Up to 91% of the study area is unsuitable for chimpanzees. Suitable habitats only represented 9% of the study area, with a high proportion of highly suitable habitats located outside the forest reserve. Elevation, secondary forests density, distance to villages and primary forests density were the most important predictors of habitat suitability for the Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzee. The probability of chimpanzee occurrence increased with elevation, secondary forest density and distance from villages and roads. Our study provides evidence that suitable chimpanzee habitat in the reserve is degraded, suggesting that efforts to maintain protected areas are insufficient. The reserve management plan needs to be improved to conserve the remaining suitable habitat and to avoid local extinction of this endangered subspecies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20468,"journal":{"name":"Primates","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10185634/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9537424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life and death of a disabled wild capuchin monkey infant.","authors":"Tatiane Valença,&nbsp;Tiago Falótico","doi":"10.1007/s10329-023-01052-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-023-01052-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The evolutionary roots of care for injured, ill, and disabled group members remain unclear. The same can be said about care for dying and dead group members. Accumulating case reports in a variety of nonhuman primates can shed light on these origins. Here we provide a detailed account of interactions of a wild capuchin monkey mother and other group members with a disabled infant before and after its death. Limb disability caused the infant to be in unstable positions when carried, which appeared to increase the frequency of body readjustments by the adults and may have contributed to its death. After death, no adults other than the mother made contact with the corpse, but four immatures approached and touched it. The mother foraged only on flies surrounding the corpse while carrying it, stopped several times to set the corpse down on the branches, and let it finally fall as she leapt between trees. The difficulty of carrying disabled and dead individuals up in the trees may help to explain the scarcity of reports in platyrrhines, and suggests that terrestriality and increasing ease of bipedality may have contributed to the evolution of these behaviors in primates.</p>","PeriodicalId":20468,"journal":{"name":"Primates","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9104133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological significance of the medial brachial cutaneous nerve: An anatomical study of the brachial plexus in primates.","authors":"Saori Anetai,&nbsp;Kounosuke Tokita,&nbsp;Hidaka Anetai,&nbsp;Ryuhei Kojima,&nbsp;Yukio Aizawa,&nbsp;Ikuo Kageyama,&nbsp;Katsuji Kumaki,&nbsp;Eishi Hirasaki,&nbsp;Hideki Endo","doi":"10.1007/s10329-022-01046-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-022-01046-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The medial brachial cutaneous nerve (MBC) originates from the medial cord of the brachial plexus and innervates the skin sensory in the medial posterior surface of the upper arm. Considering previous reports of the primate brachial plexus, the MBC appeared to be the sole branch in the brachial plexus that only some primates possess. However, the detailed descriptions and records regarding the morphology of the MBC and related nerves, their origins and distributions (dermatomes) in particular, were frequently lacked in the previous reports, and it remains unclear why the difference in the MBC appearance exists among primates. In this study, the brachial plexus and its branches were first re-evaluated and certainly identified in several primates, humans, chimpanzee, macaque monkey, lutung, tamarin, squirrel monkey, and spider monkey. The MBC was identified in humans, chimpanzee, spider monkey, and squirrel monkey. In the other species, the intercostobrachial nerve (ICB) originating from some of 1st to 3rd intercostal nerves developed and distributed instead of the MBC. According to the kinesiological and behavioral studies, the former species possessing MBC show high shoulder joint mobility associated with their locomotive patterns. We speculate that the MBC corresponds to transformed ICB; specifically, where it originates presumably transfers from the 1st and/or 2nd intercostal nerves to the brachial plexus, which allows it to reach the upper arm by coursing the shortest distance even if the forelimb is raised high. Therefore, MBC may embody phylogenetic morphogenesis of the nerve associated with the locomotive evolution and adaptation in primate forelimb.</p>","PeriodicalId":20468,"journal":{"name":"Primates","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9463869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reactions to a dead adult female in Japanese macaques at Arashiyama: Why did a non-affiliated female groom the corpse?","authors":"Toshiki Minami,&nbsp;Hiroki Ishikawa","doi":"10.1007/s10329-022-01048-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-022-01048-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reporting reactions to death in nonhuman primates can provide valuable information for understanding the evolutionary origin of human ways of dealing with death. Although many studies have reported nonhuman primates' reactions to infant corpses, less is known about their reactions toward dead adults or adolescents. The deaths of adult primates, who usually form complex social relationships, may have social impacts. Here, we described in detail the reactions of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) to the corpse of an adult female in a free-ranging multi-male multi-female group. We analyzed quantitative data on the whole group to determine how death-related behaviors were related to social relationships. Most group members in this case, including social partners of the deceased, exhibited no notable interest in the corpse. Only one adult female, who was not a grooming partner of the female before she died, touched and groomed the corpse. We examined four possible reasons why this female groomed the corpse: unawareness of death, learning about death, desire to consume insects, and reputation-building with other group members. This study highlights the potential value of closer examination of associations between reactions to dead adults or adolescents and social relationships before and after death in primate groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":20468,"journal":{"name":"Primates","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9095631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A preliminary study on home range and daily travel distance of François' langur in a high-altitude area.","authors":"Huaiqing Deng,&nbsp;Wenqing Hong,&nbsp;Jiang Zhou,&nbsp;Jixiang Li","doi":"10.1007/s10329-022-01041-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-022-01041-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>François' langur (Trachypithecus francoisi) is an indicator species living in Karst rocky habitats. To understand the François' langurs ecological adaptation to high-altitude habitat, we used the field tracking method to collect home-range data and daily travel distance of François' langur at high-altitude (800-1400 m) areas of Kuankuoshui National Nature Reserve between April 2008 and March 2009. The results revealed the following: (1) according to the grid cell method, the home range of François' langurs was estimated to be 50.7 ha. The area in the winter-spring season was larger than in the summer-autumn season (37.7 vs. 27.7 ha). According to the minimum convex polygon method by GIS, the home range of François' langurs in the winter-spring season and the summer-autumn season was 123.5 and 68.8 ha, respectively. The whole-year home range of François' was clearly larger than the grid cell method (140.4 vs. 50.7 ha). (2) The home range of François' langurs had clear superposition. Langur's core areas were concentrated in three small areas, which only occupied 18.2% of the home range. (3) The langur had a short daily travel distance (230-1115 m) and significant seasonal differences. The summer-autumn season moving distances being obviously shorter than the winter-spring season (517 vs. 785 m). (4) With the decrease in the availability of food resource in winter-spring season, the home range and daily travel distance of François' langurs significantly increased. (5) Living in the high altitudes, François' langurs tended to form a larger group (≥ 8 individuals), which is larger than other groups at lower altitude, had the larger home range, and had shorter daily travel distance. Our results indicate that colobines' survival strategies tend to form a larger home range and shorter day-traveling distance to adapt to high-altitude and low-temperature habitat.</p>","PeriodicalId":20468,"journal":{"name":"Primates","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10006043/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9149601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review on the status and modeling of suitable habitats of the southern white-cheeked gibbon.","authors":"Dung Van Tran,&nbsp;Trai Trong Le,&nbsp;Thinh Tien Vu,&nbsp;Duy Dinh Nguyen,&nbsp;Thananh Khotpathoom,&nbsp;Khoa Van Phung,&nbsp;Hieu Dang Tran,&nbsp;Ninh Van Le,&nbsp;Tinh Cong Le","doi":"10.1007/s10329-022-01047-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-022-01047-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The southern white-cheeked gibbon Nomascus siki is endemic to Indochina and is classified as critically endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. The most updated information on the status of this species dates back to a decade ago. As hunting has tremendous impacts on wildlife in Southeast Asia, the population of N. siki might have changed a lot in the last decade. Updated information on the status and potential distribution of this species is critically important for conservation and prioritization, especially for N. siki because of its undefined distribution range. The goal of this study was to review the population status of N. siki in Vietnam and Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR) and to model its potential distribution. In Vietnam, this species has been intensively surveyed in all major areas of occurrence from 2016 to 2021. The total number of N. siki groups recorded and estimated in Vietnam were 324 and 483, respectively. In Lao PDR, the occurrence of N. siki has been confirmed in Nam Kading, Nakai Nam Theun, Hin Nam No, and Phou Hinpoun national protected areas. However, population estimates are generally lacking. The suitable habitat of N. siki was predicted from about 105.00° to 106.80° E longitude and from about 16.60° to 17.90° N latitude located in Quang Binh and Quang Tri provinces (Vietnam), and Khammounan and Savannakhet provinces (Lao PDR). The area of the potential distribution range is about 9894.15 km², both in Vietnam and Lao PDR. Particularly, the high, medium, and low suitable habitats were estimated at around 1229.58 km², 3019.68 km², and 5644.89 km², respectively. The area of suitable habitat of N. siki in Vietnam was predicted to be 4151.25 km², of which only 1257.93 km² (30.30%) is in the protected area network. Dong Chau-Khe Nuoc Trong and Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserves, and Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park should receive priority for conservation of N. siki in Vietnam. Improving conservation beyond the protected areas' boundaries or transforming the forest enterprises and watershed protection forests into protected areas should also be considered as an alternative for the conservation of N. siki. In Lao PDR, surveys of the species in its entire distribution range should be the first priority.</p>","PeriodicalId":20468,"journal":{"name":"Primates","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9447939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chasing after Chimpanzees: The Making of a Primatologist, by William C. McGrew.","authors":"Volker Sommer","doi":"10.1007/s10329-023-01051-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-023-01051-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20468,"journal":{"name":"Primates","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9138214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic effects of demographic bottleneck and recovery in Kinkazan Island and mainland populations of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata).","authors":"N Kazahari,&nbsp;E Inoue,&nbsp;N Nakagawa,&nbsp;Y Kawamoto,&nbsp;T Uno,&nbsp;M Inoue-Murayama","doi":"10.1007/s10329-023-01050-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-023-01050-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Populations of Japanese macaques were significantly reduced in most areas from the 1900s to the 1960s and then recovered mainly in the northeastern part of Honshu. A drastic reduction in population size reduces genetic variability through a bottleneck effect. Demographic expansion after the reduction that accumulates new mutations can reduce the bottleneck effects or drive the recovery of genetic variability. We examined the genetic status of a small island population (Kinkazan Island) and a larger mainland population (southern Tohoku) of Japanese macaques that experienced recent demographic bottlenecks and recovery using eight microsatellite loci. The two populations were significantly genetically different from each other. The Kinkazan population exhibited lower genetic variability, remarkable evidence of bottleneck (i.e., significant heterozygosity excess and lower frequency of rare alleles), and a considerably smaller effective population size based on genetic data than based on the current census size. These results indicate that the genetic status has not completely recovered from the demographic bottleneck despite a full recovery in census size on Kinkazan Island. New mutations might rarely have accumulated because of the small carrying capacity of the island. Therefore, the genetic variability of the population would have been restrained by the severe bottleneck size, small carrying capacity, and long-term isolation. On the other hand, the bottleneck effect seems to be limited in the southern Tohoku population considering higher genetic variability, non-significant heterozygosity excess in many mutation conditions, and the highest frequency of rare alleles.</p>","PeriodicalId":20468,"journal":{"name":"Primates","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9095971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}