Primates最新文献

{"title":"Camera traps elicit behavioral responses from wild Philippine tarsiers (Carlito syrichta) on Leyte Island.","authors":"Simeon Gabriel F Bejar, Ronelmar G Aguilar, Aminah Grace T Amberong, Robert Roland Matthew S Bagnes, Renz Angelo J Duco, Melizar V Duya, Lief Erikson D Gamalo, Jay S Fidelino, Paulo Miguel M Kim, Brian T Sabanal, Jay T Torrefiel, Mariano Roy M Duya, Giovanni A Tapang","doi":"10.1007/s10329-025-01202-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10329-025-01202-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Camera traps are powerful tools that facilitate ecological monitoring and behavioral observations of non-human primates. Although supposedly non-intrusive, some models generate sound and illumination that elicit behavioral responses from different species. Reactions of primates to camera traps are poorly documented, including those of tarsiers, despite their distinctive auditory and visual specializations. Here, we described the reactions of wild Philippine tarsiers (Carlito syrichta) to camera traps based on existing video records on Leyte Island (N = 12) and characterized the light and sound emissions of the camera traps used for recording. We observed avoidance, attraction, and inspection behaviors from the tarsiers after their looking impulses. Using a spectrometer and ultrasonic acoustic analysis, we found that the camera traps emitted light at predominantly infrared wavelengths with peaks at ca. 850 nm (low glow) and ca. 930 nm (no glow). Some low-glow models produced a faint red glow during recording and a detectable clicking sound upon trigger, whereas the no-glow camera traps emitted infrared light with significant ultraviolet components. Based on spectral sensitivity approximations and audible threshold assessments, we found that the emissions of the camera traps are detectable, not only to tarsiers but also other primate species. Our findings suggest that camera traps influence the behavior of tarsiers. Hence, we advise caution when using camera traps since behavioral reactions may induce bias depending on the framing of studies. We also recommend proper planning when accounting for these behaviors, selecting camera trap models, and designing camera trapping studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20468,"journal":{"name":"Primates","volume":" ","pages":"431-437"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144560857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reorganization of female dominance relations after group fission of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) in Arashiyama based on Kawamura's principles.","authors":"Hisayo Suzuki, Michael A Huffman, Yukio Takahata","doi":"10.1007/s10329-025-01197-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10329-025-01197-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 1986, Japanese macaques of the Arashiyama B group fissioned, with high-ranking females forming the dominant E group and the middle- and low-ranking females forming the subordinate F group (Suzuki et al. in Primates 64:79-90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-022-01024-x , 2023). In 1988, we recorded the dominant-subordinate interactions among adult females in both groups and analyzed them to clarify how they reorganized their dominance relations. The two groups showed contrasting results. Two years after group fission, the past dominance relations among female kin-groups had been largely maintained in E group, whereas the dominance relations among females in F group had been significantly reorganized, with the females from some kin-groups dispersing into various rank positions within the group. In both the E and F groups, the kin-related dyads within the 2nd degree of maternal relatedness (consanguinity) (r ≥ 0.25) tended to follow Kawamura's principles (Kawamura in Primates 1:149-156, 1958), but a considerable number of dyads did not. Such deviations from the principles seemed to derive from multiple factors: past rank reversals between the mothers and daughters, social influences from high-ranking males, and changes in the membership of kin-related females following group fission; for example, disappearances of or separations from mothers. Once rank changes were fixed, however, the relations of the newly emerged mother-daughter and sister dyads again reflected Kawamura's principles.</p>","PeriodicalId":20468,"journal":{"name":"Primates","volume":" ","pages":"449-460"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144476429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of early life rearing experiences and age on sociality in captive olive baboons (Papio anubis).","authors":"Angela M Achorn, Michele M Mulholland, Chet C Sherwood, Soojin V Yi, William D Hopkins","doi":"10.1007/s10329-025-01206-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10329-025-01206-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Social connections within primate groups are continuously changing, and an individual's connectedness within their social network can have important consequences on morbidity and mortality. Here, we examined the effects of early life social experiences and age on social connectedness of captive female olive baboons (Papio anubis). Subjects included 54 mother-reared (MR) and 35 nursery-reared (NR) baboons (4.03 to 19.8 years of age). We conducted four 15-min focal observations and recorded all social interactions. For every possible dyad, we calculated total amount of time in proximity to one another and total amount of time spent grooming (in each direction), then used these data to create interaction matrices. We then calculated a number of direct and indirect measures of social connectedness in UCINET. Direct measures included degree centrality for grooming and proximity. Indirect measures included beta centrality for grooming and eigenvector centrality for proximity. A MANCOVA examining the effects of rearing on the three measures of direct connectedness: (1) in-degree and (2) out-degree centrality for grooming, and (3) degree centrality for proximity revealed an overall significant rearing effect, with age as a significant covariate. Subsequent univariate analyses revealed significant rearing effects on grooming out-degree centrality, in which MR females groomed conspecifics at significantly higher frequencies than NR females. There were no significant rearing effects on grooming in-degree centrality, proximity degree centrality, or any of the indirect social connectedness measures. One possible interpretation of these effects is that NR baboons might not find grooming to be intrinsically rewarding, and therefore have less motivation to groom others. Contrary to our predictions, older females did not have significantly fewer social partners, nor did they spend less time engaging in social interactions, compared to younger females. Overall, the results of this study suggest that among female baboons, early life social experiences affect social connections into adulthood, while age appears to explain less of the observed variation in social connectedness.</p>","PeriodicalId":20468,"journal":{"name":"Primates","volume":" ","pages":"483-494"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12356656/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144668204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Five-domain-based evaluation of environmental enrichment in Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) to reduce aggressive behavior.","authors":"Tadatoshi Ogura, Miharu Kobayashi, Akiko Miura, Wataru Mikami","doi":"10.1007/s10329-025-01205-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10329-025-01205-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Compared with wild troops, Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata), which are commonly housed in cage-like enclosures in zoos and laboratories, face limited feeding opportunities, leading to intense competition and frequent aggression. Such aggression often results in injuries, highlighting the need for methods to reduce aggression in captive settings to improve welfare. This study evaluated the effects of three enrichment strategies-fire hoses with branches, external feeders, and plastic tubs with straw-designed to promote spatial usage and diversify feeding opportunities in a Japanese macaque group in Hirosaki City Yayoi Ikoi Park. The frequency of aggressive behavior and spatial utilization across vertical cage layers was recorded. Generalized linear models revealed that all the tested enrichments significantly reduced intense aggressive and displacement behaviors. Fire hoses increased the usage of the second layer, whereas external feeders and plastic tubs decreased the usage of the top layer, which was used most in the control condition, promoting group dispersion. These interventions improved the environmental opportunity and choice (environmental domain of the Five Domain model), decreased aggression-related injuries (physical health domain), encouraged to express natural behaviors such as climbing and foraging (behavioral domain), and reduced fear and discomfort due to the proximity of dominant individuals (mental domain), collectively supporting enhanced welfare.</p>","PeriodicalId":20468,"journal":{"name":"Primates","volume":" ","pages":"465-473"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144601283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A simple suitability index to guide site selection for primate translocations: an example from northeastern Brazil.","authors":"Poliana Gabriele Alves de Souza Lins, Carlos A Peres, Jerry Penha","doi":"10.1007/s10329-025-01210-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-025-01210-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Establishing clear, rationales for conservation actions is critical to optimizing the chances of rescuing threatened species worldwide. We propose a simple habitat suitability index, a trade-off between occupancy probability and extinction risk, to guide conservation actions for the blond capuchin monkey (Sapajus flavius), whose distribution spans the contrasting but adjacent Atlantic Forest and Caatinga phytogeographic domains of northeastern Brazil. Our objective was to create a map to spatially coordinated management options considering both domains under two divergent but plausible scenarios assuming contrasting conservation outcomes: (1) active conservation efforts, in which government agencies/communities agree to invest and participate in conservation actions; and (2) no intervention and no additional effort. Based on the habitat suitability index, sites were classified into three types: A (protected and suitable, n = 3); B (suitable but under high extinction risk, n = 9); and C (unsuitable and highly defaunated, n = 75). Our results show that under Scenario 1 it would be possible to fund an active taskforce to improve forest quality in habitat remnant types B and C while supporting monitoring and protection of type-A sites. However, little can be done under Scenario 2 without successful educational programs to raise awareness and change the perception of local stakeholders. This study introduces a spatial index to prioritise conservation actions at key sites, providing a practical approach to effective resource management in a changing environment. Our protocol may be useful in guiding conservation action in the face of resource constraints and rapid environmental and climatic change in increasingly threatened biodiversity hotspots.</p>","PeriodicalId":20468,"journal":{"name":"Primates","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144856165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"My journey into primatology.","authors":"Warren Y Brockelman","doi":"10.1007/s10329-025-01211-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-025-01211-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This is the story of how I became a primatologist, and the major research projects and activities in my career specializing in the ecology, behavior, and conservation of gibbons. After graduate training in zoology, I spent two years as an officer in the U. S. Army's Medical Service Corps and was assigned to the SEATO Medical Research Laboratory in Bangkok. My assignments included caring for a colony of captive gibbons (Hylobates lar) released on an island to produce animals for experimental research on diseases. After my army career, I relocated to Thailand in 1973 and my interests turned to wild gibbons in the forests of Thailand. My career in Thailand was spent teaching ecology in the biology department of Mahidol University. After retirement, I continued working at BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency, and established a large forest dynamics research plot in the Mo Singto gibbon study site in Khao Yai National Park. Research carried out in Khao Yai included study of the ecology and social behavior of gibbons, plant seed dispersal, and relations between Hylobates lar and H. pileatus, whose distributions overlap in a small area of the park. I describe some of the conservation activities I have been involved in, which include development of sampling techniques for gibbon populations, survey of wild gibbons, reintroduction of gibbons, and publication of books on primates for children. Finally, I offer some recommendations on how to become a primatologist.</p>","PeriodicalId":20468,"journal":{"name":"Primates","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144789765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Saguinus martinsi: predicted loss of habitat suitability following global warming and insights for the conservation of the species.","authors":"Angele Tatiane Martins-Oliveira, Pedro V Eisenlohr, Gustavo Rodrigues Canale, João Carlos Pires-Oliveira, Leandro José-Silva, Lucas Barros-Rosa, Leandro Santana Moreira, Fabiano Rodrigues de Melo","doi":"10.1007/s10329-025-01193-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10329-025-01193-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Global climate change is directly influenced by human actions due to land use and occupation. In this way, factors related to environments conditions, concomitant with anthropogenic impacts, determine the suitability of environments for species. We analyze the present-day and future suitability of environments for Saguinus martinsi, a primate species endemic to the Brazilian Amazon region. We analyzed two different greenhouse gas emission scenarios, known as Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), one \"optimistic\" (SSP2-4.5) and the other \"pessimistic\" (SSP5-8.5), described by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. We created the models using climatic, edaphic, and topographic variables based on the Euclidean Distance algorithm. Our results indicate that S. martinsi may face severe threats in the near future as a consequence of climate change, given that no environmentally suitable areas were identified for the species in either of the future climate scenarios analyzed. We understand that it is necessary to expand searches for the presence and/or absence of the species in potentially environmentally suitable areas, in addition to consolidating measures to mitigate environmental impacts for the conditions found.</p>","PeriodicalId":20468,"journal":{"name":"Primates","volume":" ","pages":"391-403"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143977182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late bloomers in play: social isolation and playful skills in an adult bonobo.","authors":"Martina Francesconi, Alice Galotti, Kerstin Ludmann, Elisabetta Palagi","doi":"10.1007/s10329-025-01190-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10329-025-01190-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Social play requires communicative abilities that start developing since the first phases of life. Due to their paedomorphic nature, bonobos (Pan paniscus) tend to maintain a playful attitude also in adulthood. Here, we present the case of an adult bonobo (Congo) that has never had any contact with conspecifics in the first 40 years of life. In 2023, Congo underwent an introduction protocol at the Wilhelma Zoo. Prior to the data collection period, he had spent 8 months within the group. The aim was evaluating Congo's playful social competence and his ability to react in a resilient way to others' stimuli. The play sessions involving Congo and two juveniles (CPSs) were compared with play sessions occurring in other adult-juvenile pairs (OPSs). Compared to OPSs, CPSs were shorter and more punctuated by grooming pauses that were totally absent during OPSs. Despite increased grooming, CPSs had a higher risk of escalation into overt aggression from Congo frequently screaming during the interaction. Unlike other adults, Congo never rapidly replicated the partners' playful facial displays, a phenomenon known as rapid facial mimicry. Despite Congo appearing to struggle to manage social play, he responded to other's invitations, thus indicating a presence of play motivation. Albeit being just a case report, our findings emphasize the importance of adult play as a mechanism for social integration, even in individuals entirely unfamiliar with its nuances. Although animals engage in play early in life, it is never too late to play the game and strengthen social bonds.</p>","PeriodicalId":20468,"journal":{"name":"Primates","volume":" ","pages":"335-341"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144009003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiparous and primiparous mothers partially differ in how they allocate maternal behaviour in captive western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla).","authors":"Federica Amici, Justine Anastasia Pinnecke, Jacques Prieur, Katja Liebal","doi":"10.1007/s10329-025-01195-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10329-025-01195-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In primates, mothers are crucial for the survival and integration of young offspring into their social group. Usually, mothers adjust their behaviour to the offspring's age and needs, but maternal experience might modulate developmental changes in such allocation. In this study, we conducted behavioural observations on 7 mother-offspring dyads of captive western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) to assess whether multiparous mothers adjusted to the changing requirements of their offspring differently from primiparous mothers, and better facilitated their social integration into the group. Our results showed that, compared to primiparous mothers, multiparous mothers were more likely in body contact with younger offspring and less with older offspring. However, maternal experience neither predicted nor mediated how likely mothers were to start or end body contact, nor did it mediate developmental changes in the offspring's social behaviour toward other group members. Our study provides preliminary evidence of some limited differences in how primiparous and multiparous mothers allocate maternal behaviour in western lowland gorillas.</p>","PeriodicalId":20468,"journal":{"name":"Primates","volume":" ","pages":"355-365"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12202552/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144234945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predatory attack on a bearded capuchin monkey by a Boa constrictor.","authors":"Tatiane Valença, Emiliane Cardoso, Tiago Falótico","doi":"10.1007/s10329-025-01191-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10329-025-01191-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Predation influences foraging strategies, as primates must avoid being preyed on while feeding. Some populations of capuchin monkeys are the only neotropical primates that customarily use the ground for nut-cracking. This time-consuming and focus-demanding foraging activity may increase susceptibility to predation events. However, there is currently no data on predation in tool-using Sapajus populations. We report a snake's (Boa constrictor) predatory attack on a bearded capuchin monkey (S. libidinosus) in a tool-using population, as well as the other monkeys' alarm calling and threat displays. We confirm these monkeys' predation vulnerability and discuss how they balance foraging requirements with predation risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":20468,"journal":{"name":"Primates","volume":" ","pages":"349-353"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12202570/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144021121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}