Primates最新文献

{"title":"Late bloomers in play: social isolation and playful skills in an adult bonobo.","authors":"Martina Francesconi, Alice Galotti, Kerstin Ludmann, Elisabetta Palagi","doi":"10.1007/s10329-025-01190-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-025-01190-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Social play requires communicative abilities that start developing since the first phases of life. Due to their paedomorphic nature, bonobos (Pan paniscus) tend to maintain a playful attitude also in adulthood. Here, we present the case of an adult bonobo (Congo) that has never had any contact with conspecifics in the first 40 years of life. In 2023, Congo underwent an introduction protocol at the Wilhelma Zoo. Prior to the data collection period, he had spent 8 months within the group. The aim was evaluating Congo's playful social competence and his ability to react in a resilient way to others' stimuli. The play sessions involving Congo and two juveniles (CPSs) were compared with play sessions occurring in other adult-juvenile pairs (OPSs). Compared to OPSs, CPSs were shorter and more punctuated by grooming pauses that were totally absent during OPSs. Despite increased grooming, CPSs had a higher risk of escalation into overt aggression from Congo frequently screaming during the interaction. Unlike other adults, Congo never rapidly replicated the partners' playful facial displays, a phenomenon known as rapid facial mimicry. Despite Congo appearing to struggle to manage social play, he responded to other's invitations, thus indicating a presence of play motivation. Albeit being just a case report, our findings emphasize the importance of adult play as a mechanism for social integration, even in individuals entirely unfamiliar with its nuances. Although animals engage in play early in life, it is never too late to play the game and strengthen social bonds.</p>","PeriodicalId":20468,"journal":{"name":"Primates","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144009003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predation of Macaca cyclopis on flying bees.","authors":"Ai-Ching Meng, Tien Hsieh, Sheng-Shan Lu, Hsi-Cheng Ho","doi":"10.1007/s10329-025-01189-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-025-01189-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This report documents the predation of Macaca cyclopis (Taiwanese macaque) on the flying adults of ground-nesting leaf-cutting bee, Trachusa formosanum. With observations and video recordings of an incident in the wild, we detail how adult and juvenile macaques capture and consume bees during their flight, with varying success rates. Seizing the correct timing when the bees fly low to approach their nests is the key skill for bee hunting. This predation occurs during the breeding season of T. formosanum, when the bees' nests are spatially concentrated, making them a spatially and temporally predictable food source for the macaques. The findings highlight that M. cyclopis do exploit seasonal high-protein food resources, and provide new insights into their dietary habits, with potential implications for understanding foraging-relevant social learning in primates. Further studies are needed to explore the potential nutritional significance of this behavior and its role in macaque reproductive strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20468,"journal":{"name":"Primates","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143980544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predatory attack on a bearded capuchin monkey by a Boa constrictor.","authors":"Tatiane Valença, Emiliane Cardoso, Tiago Falótico","doi":"10.1007/s10329-025-01191-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-025-01191-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Predation influences foraging strategies, as primates must avoid being preyed on while feeding. Some populations of capuchin monkeys are the only neotropical primates that customarily use the ground for nut-cracking. This time-consuming and focus-demanding foraging activity may increase susceptibility to predation events. However, there is currently no data on predation in tool-using Sapajus populations. We report a snake's (Boa constrictor) predatory attack on a bearded capuchin monkey (S. libidinosus) in a tool-using population, as well as the other monkeys' alarm calling and threat displays. We confirm these monkeys' predation vulnerability and discuss how they balance foraging requirements with predation risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":20468,"journal":{"name":"Primates","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144021121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monkey-deer rodeo: exploring the mounting behaviours of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) on Sika deer (Cervus nippon).","authors":"Léane Depret, Atsuyuki Ohshima, Morgane Allanic, Jean-Baptiste Leca, Noëlle Gunst, Cédric Sueur","doi":"10.1007/s10329-024-01174-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10329-024-01174-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interspecies interactions present diverse forms and functions, contributing significantly to ecological and social dynamics. This study focuses on the mounting behaviours of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) towards Sika deer (Cervus nippon), a rare and still unexplained phenomenon, with minimal emphasis on the behaviour of the deer. Using video data from two distinct sites, Yakushima and Minoh, Japan, we documented 45 sequences of macaque-deer interactions and analysed macaques' behaviours and deer behaviours using focal and behavioural sampling techniques. We identified four primary activities performed by macaques during mountings-sexual, play, grooming, and resting-with resting being predominant. The study evaluates six hypotheses regarding the functions of these mounting behaviours: (1) interactions are sex-specific, (2) macaques use deer for transportation, (3) mutual warming through physical contact occurs, (4) deer provide support for resting, (5) macaques engage in grooming to consume parasites or play to strengthen interspecies bonds, and (6) aggressive signals relate to resource disputes or rejection of mounting behaviour. Statistical analyses using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's post-hoc test revealed significant differences between resting and other active behaviours, but no significant differences in behaviour duration between lying and sitting positions. Adults engaged in mounting for longer periods than juveniles, suggesting potential age-related differences in social and reproductive roles. These findings enhance our understanding of interspecies interactions by focusing on macaque behaviours and emphasise the need for longitudinal studies to clarify the ecological and social implications of these interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20468,"journal":{"name":"Primates","volume":" ","pages":"221-231"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142872174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A three-dimensional kinematic analysis of bipedal walking in a white-handed gibbon (Hylobates lar) on a horizontal pole and flat surface.","authors":"Takafumi Fujiwara, Kohta Ito, Tetsuya Shitara, Yoshihiko Nakano","doi":"10.1007/s10329-024-01177-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10329-024-01177-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gibbons, a type of lesser ape, are brachiators but also walk bipedally and without forelimb assistance, not only on the ground but also on tree branches. The arboreal bipedal walking strategy of the gibbons has been studied in previous studies in relation to two-dimensional (2D) kinematic analysis. However, because tree branches and the ground differ greatly in width, leading to a constrained foot contact point on the tree branches, gibbons must adjust their 3D joint motions of trunk and hindlimb on the tree branches. Furthermore, these motor adjustments could help minimize the center of mass (CoM) mediolateral displacement. This study investigated the kinematic adjustment mechanism necessary to enable a gibbon to walk bipedally on an arboreal-like substrate using 3D measurements. Trials were recorded with eight video cameras that were placed around the substrate. The CoM position on the body, the Cardan angles of the hindlimb joints and trunk, and spatiotemporal parameters were calculated. Asymmetry of thorax, pelvis, trunk, and left and right hindlimb joint motion was observed in the pole and flat conditions. In the pole condition, the narrower step width and the smaller range of motion of the mediolateral CoM displacement were observed with increased hip adduction and knee eversion angles. These kinematic adjustments might place the knee and foot directly under the body during the single support phase, producing a reduced step width and the amount of the mediolateral CoM displacement of a gibbon.</p>","PeriodicalId":20468,"journal":{"name":"Primates","volume":" ","pages":"189-206"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11861135/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142984587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primates and elephants in East Asia: from Neolithic to rural depopulation.","authors":"David S Sprague","doi":"10.1007/s10329-025-01184-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10329-025-01184-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20468,"journal":{"name":"Primates","volume":" ","pages":"157-161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143449873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of great ape behavioural responses and their outcomes to anthropogenic landscapes.","authors":"Miranda A Gilbert, Ammie K Kalan","doi":"10.1007/s10329-025-01180-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10329-025-01180-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Industrial expansion has brought humans and wildlife into closer contact, and added novel, complex dimensions to human-wildlife relationships. The seven great apes (chimpanzee, Bornean orangutan, Sumatran orangutan, Tapanuli orangutan, Eastern gorilla, Western gorilla, bonobo), the closest extant relatives to humans, have experienced substantial population declines resulting from anthropogenic activities. The effect of human activity on great ape behavioural ecology is therefore an emerging field of inquiry in primatology which has historically been minimally considered. This review explores how wild great apes respond behaviourally to human activities and environmental changes, synthesizing current knowledge and addressing potential outcomes and risks. Using precise search criteria, we found 96 studies documenting changes in great ape behaviour in response to human activity, and despite their broad geographic distribution, we found common patterns and responses across species to increasing human influence. Literature documented shifts in existing behaviour (57), the generation of novel behaviours (53) or reported both (15). Forty-three studies (45%) included direct (23) or indirect (20) assessment of the consequences of these behaviours. Only one study modelled a widespread loss of existing behaviours. The majority of studies included chimpanzees (67), followed by orangutans (19) and gorillas (19), and only 2 included bonobos. We found that the most frequently documented drivers of behavioural responses to anthropogenic activity were wide-scale land-use conversions in ape habitats. In response, apes have adopted crop foraging, and altered nesting behaviour, range use, and social strategies. While these responses appear to allow survival in the immediate sense, they may expose individuals to more risks in the long term. Analysis revealed that under many contexts changing great ape behaviour is putting strain on the human-ape relationship, resulting in injury, harassment, and even the killing of apes. We found examples of tolerant relationships between humans and apes shifting towards conflict, potentially worsening the conservation crisis and inviting inquiry into tolerance thresholds among human communities. We emphasize the importance of community-engaged strategies for reducing competition over resources and conclude that great ape behavioural responses to human activity must be interpreted through a locally specific lens.</p>","PeriodicalId":20468,"journal":{"name":"Primates","volume":" ","pages":"163-181"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143190250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From stones to sketches: investigating tracing behaviours in Japanese macaques.","authors":"Cédric Sueur","doi":"10.1007/s10329-024-01176-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10329-024-01176-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of complex technologies by humans (Homo sapiens) and their ancestors is a key feature of our evolution, marked by the appearance of stone tools 3.3-million years ago. These technologies reflect cognitive complexity and an advanced understanding of materials and mechanics. Studying current primates, especially those that use stones, offers insights into the evolution of human behaviours. In particular, stone manipulation by macaques suggests that some complex behaviours in humans, such as creation of cutting and biface tools, could have emerged unintentionally. The Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) of Shodoshima were observed to leave marks on the ground with stones and chalk. By analysing this manipulation of stones, I suggest that drawing in humans could have appeared unintentionally; these unintentional origins of mark-making behaviours may represent early precursors to human drawing.</p>","PeriodicalId":20468,"journal":{"name":"Primates","volume":" ","pages":"183-188"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142953751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of ecological and social factors on huddling behaviour and cluster organisation in Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata).","authors":"Maxime Herbrich, Emily Sands, Shintaro Ishizuka, Yu Kaigaishi, Shinya Yamamoto, Cédric Sueur","doi":"10.1007/s10329-024-01178-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10329-024-01178-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Huddling behaviour is present in many animal species. This behaviour involves maintaining close physical contact with conspecifics to minimise heat loss and, in general, reduce energy expenditure. Additionally, this behaviour also facilitates complex social interactions within a population. In Japanese macaques, this behaviour is observed in many populations across Japan, including Shodoshima, where huddling clusters can reach up to 100 individuals in winter. Based on several studies on this species, it appears that huddling, or sarudango in Japanese, is influenced by both meteorological factors and social relationships between individuals. The objective of this study is to understand the determinants that drive the expression (presence or absence) and the organisation (number of individuals and identities) of huddling clusters. Two hypotheses were formulated. The first hypothesis posits that the formation and variations in the size and number of clusters are influenced by meteorological factors, while the second hypothesis suggests that the number and position of individuals within a cluster are related to existing relationships between individuals. To test these, data on the number, size, and individuals composing a cluster were collected, allowing building huddling social networks. Simultaneously, meteorological measurements were taken, along with observations on dominance and grooming interactions between individuals. This allowed us to create several statistical models and social networks for comparison. Our results suggest that the probability for observing huddling is mainly related to solar radiation energy, while variations in number and size could be explained by temperature. Moreover, the organisation within a cluster is not random but reflects relationships between individuals. The ones sharing more grooming and having similar dominance ranks have more probabilities to be in the same huddling cluster.</p>","PeriodicalId":20468,"journal":{"name":"Primates","volume":" ","pages":"207-219"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142896992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urinary health indicators in folivorous-frugivorous primates with and without food supplementation.","authors":"Janaína Paula Back, Júlio César Bicca-Marques","doi":"10.1007/s10329-024-01164-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10329-024-01164-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Food supplementation by humans in peri-urban and urban landscapes can lead to excessive intake of energy and certain macronutrients, and affect animal health. In this study, we evaluated the influence of food supplementation on urinary health indicators in brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba) by comparing supplemented and non-supplemented free-ranging peri-urban groups. We also evaluated the effect of sex, day shift, and season of sampling. Between August 2021 and August 2022, we non-invasively collected 61 samples (43 from females and 18 from males) from adult individuals (N = 10) in three supplemented groups and 56 samples (25 from females and 31 from males) from adults (N = 7) in three non-supplemented groups. The supplements, mostly raw foods (e.g., fruits, vegetables, and tubers) and bread, represented 18% of the total fresh mass ingested by the supplemented groups. We assessed pH, density, and the presence of eight urine components (glucose, bilirubin, ketones, protein, urobilinogen, nitrite, blood, and leukocytes) using reagent urine strips. Season of sampling predicted urine density (mean = 1.022), while both season and day shift predicted pH (mean = 6.5). The occurrence of supplementation was a weak predictor of these parameters. Finally, we detected leukocytes in 21% of the 117 samples. We did not identify any visible signs of disease in any individual throughout the study and found no clinical changes in urine under the conditions studied. We urge validation of the results with urine strips to facilitate monitoring of the health of howler monkeys living in anthropogenic landscapes in the presence or absence of dietary supplementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20468,"journal":{"name":"Primates","volume":" ","pages":"129-141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142562455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}