Practical Laboratory Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Anti-IH in myelodysplastic syndrome","authors":"Ketsaraporn Wongba ,&nbsp;Pornlada Nuchnoi ,&nbsp;Chotiros Plabplueng ,&nbsp;Charuporn Promwong","doi":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Anti-IH exhibits complex specificity, strongly reacting with cells expressing both H and I antigens at cold temperatures. Its clinical significance has been increasingly recognized, particularly in patients with hematologic conditions such as myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML).</div></div><div><h3>Case report</h3><div>We present an 83-year-old Thai female with MDS who was transfusion-dependent. She presented with severe anemia requiring an urgent transfusion. The patient was group A RhD-positive. Antibody screening and identification using column agglutination technology (CAT) showed weak polyagglutination. Auto-control and direct antiglobulin tests (DAT) were negative. Red cell typing showed absence of H antigen and presence of A1 antigen. Further testing with cord O cells revealed no agglutination, confirming the A1 blood group with anti-IH. Antibody screening and identification studies showed cold-reactivity, with weak reactivity at 37 °C and in the AHG phase. Crossmatching with two group A leukocyte-poor red cells was compatible, and transfusion was uneventful.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This is the first reported case of anti-IH in a Thai patient. Anti-IH may complicate pre-transfusion testing and mask alloantibodies, necessitating careful interpretation and confirmatory testing to prevent transfusion-related complications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20421,"journal":{"name":"Practical Laboratory Medicine","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article e00468"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative analysis of exosomal ncRNAs and their regulatory networks in liver cancer progression","authors":"Farzin Mirzaei-nasab ,&nbsp;Ahmad Majd ,&nbsp;Yousef Seyedena ,&nbsp;Nazanin Hosseinkhan ,&nbsp;Najma Farahani ,&nbsp;Mehrdad Hashemi","doi":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a significant global health challenge with complex molecular underpinnings. Recent advancements in understanding the role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and exosomes in cancer biology have opened new avenues for research into potential diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study utilized a comprehensive approach to analyze gene expression patterns and regulatory networks in HCC. We integrated RNA sequencing data gathered from both tissue samples and exosomes. The WGCNA and limma R packages were employed to construct co-expression networks and identify differentially expressed ncRNAs, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our analysis demonstrated distinct expression profiles of various ncRNAs in HCC, revealing their intricate interactions with cancer-related genes. Key findings include the identification of a network of microRNAs that interact with selected lncRNAs and their potential roles as biomarkers. Moreover, exosomal RNA was shown to effectively reflect tissue-specific gene expression changes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The results of this study highlight the significance of exosomal ncRNAs in the progression of liver cancer, suggesting their potential as both diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Future research should focus on the functional implications of these ncRNAs to further elucidate their roles in HCC and explore their applications in clinical settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20421,"journal":{"name":"Practical Laboratory Medicine","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article e00464"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 9-year-old child presenting with anemia accompanied by abnormal red blood cell morphology","authors":"Huijun Qin ,&nbsp;Yuan He ,&nbsp;Zaixiang Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cases of anemia presenting with abnormal erythrocyte morphology often pose diagnostic challenges, particularly in patients with refractory anemia. Here, we present the case of a 9-year-old male patient under investigation for anemia, who had a history of anemia and received a blood transfusion at birth. Despite the absence of obvious clinical manifestations related to anemia thereafter, his condition was not given due consideration. The patient experienced a sudden onset of illness and was initially suspected to have thalassemia. However, subsequent pertinent examinations, notably bone marrow aspiration and genetic testing, led to the diagnosis of hereditary sideroblastic anemia alongside chronic atrophic gastritis. This case illustrates the diagnostic journey of anemia characterized by abnormal red blood cell morphology, aiming to facilitate early and accurate diagnosis, as well as prompt treatment, for such patients in clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20421,"journal":{"name":"Practical Laboratory Medicine","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article e00459"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of CircHIPK3 biomarker potential in breast cancer","authors":"Ensiyeh Bahadoran ,&nbsp;Davood Mohammadi ,&nbsp;Manijeh Jalilvand ,&nbsp;Sahar Moghbelinejad","doi":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Nowadays, the investigation of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in various cancers is of great interest. In this research, we evaluated circHIPK3 biomarker potential in breast cancer (BC).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The studied samples were 100 cancer and adjacent normal tissues, plasma from 95 cancer patients, 42 patients with fibroadenomatosis, and 93 healthy donors. Illumina high-throughput Hi Seq 2000 sequencing performed expression profiling on 4 pairs of cancerous and normal breast tissues. For expression confirmation, Quantitative real-time fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression level of circHIPK3. CircHIPK3 diagnostic efficacy was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Based on high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics results circHIPK3 had the highest expression in cancer tissues (<em>P</em> = 0.00034). Real-time results showed expression upregulation of circHIPK3 in BC tissues and plasma in comparison to healthy controls (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001). For diagnostic potential, the area under the curve (AUC) result was 0.8087 (95 % CI: 0.7309 to 0.8866, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001). Also, our results showed high specificity and sensitivity of circHIPK3 when evaluated alongside the CA-15-3 and CEA. Pathologic criteria evaluation showed that upregulation of circHIPK3 correlates with tumor size.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>CircHIPK3 is significantly upregulated in BC tissues and plasma compared to healthy controls, demonstrating high diagnostic potential with an AUC of 0.8087. The expression of circHIPK3 correlates with tumor size, indicating its relevance in the pathologic assessment of BC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20421,"journal":{"name":"Practical Laboratory Medicine","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article e00470"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143682981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gene variant analysis in pediatrics with early-onset epilepsy: Identification of novel variants","authors":"Pooyan Alizadeh ,&nbsp;Armin Jahangiri Babadi ,&nbsp;Nemat Ghadiri ,&nbsp;Mostafa Neissi ,&nbsp;Masoud Zeinali","doi":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Epilepsy encompasses a range of brain disorders, often accompanied by growth delay and cerebral palsy. The identification of gene variants is critical for guiding treatment strategies in patients with epilepsy. This study investigates the genetic variants in patients with early-onset epilepsy (EOE) through whole-exome sequencing (WES).</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>DNA was extracted from peripheral blood using a standard salting-out method. Gene variants were identified using WES, and sequencing data were analyzed through a two-step approach.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 20 subjects, WES identified two novel variants. The first variant, <strong>AP3B2</strong> (NM_001278512.2: c.3190G &gt; A; p. Val1064Ile), was located in exon 27 and exhibited homozygosity in the proband and heterozygosity in the parents. The second variant, <strong>PIGB</strong> (NM_004855.5: c.1664G &gt; C; p.Ter555Serext∗54), was located in exon 12 and demonstrated a similar inheritance pattern. Notably, the <strong>PIGB</strong> variant was associated with elevated ALP levels.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study highlights the value of WES in identifying genetic variants associated with epilepsy, particularly the novel AP3B2 and PIGB variants. By focusing on these impactful findings, the study advances understanding of epilepsy genetics and emphasizes the role of WES in enabling early diagnosis, personalized treatment, and improved management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20421,"journal":{"name":"Practical Laboratory Medicine","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article e00462"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of routine blood parameters by altitude and residence duration in the Western Sichuan Plateau","authors":"Liang Wan ,&nbsp;Qing Yuan ,&nbsp;Mingxia Tang,&nbsp;Zhu Zhu,&nbsp;Yanwu Liu,&nbsp;Zhenglin Huang,&nbsp;Shuzhi Zhou,&nbsp;Ling Zhang,&nbsp;Qiaoling Wang,&nbsp;Yuntao Guo,&nbsp;Jian Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00467","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00467","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study explores how routine blood test parameters change over time in acclimatized individuals at different altitudes on the Western Sichuan Plateau.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Healthy men aged 20–40 from low-altitude areas who moved to Ganzi Prefecture to live and work were recruited. The observation sites were Guzan Town (1400 m), Kangding County Seat (2500 m), Luhuo County Seat (3400 m), and Litang County Seat (4100 m). Participants at the same altitude were grouped according to residence duration. The relationships between blood test parameters, altitude, and residence duration were analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After moving to the plateau, white blood cell, red blood cell, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels rose quickly in the short term, then declined and stabilized. In contrast, platelet levels increased steadily and were positively correlated with altitude.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Changes in blood parameters during high-altitude acclimatization are significant physiological responses to hypoxia and are affected by both altitude and residence duration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20421,"journal":{"name":"Practical Laboratory Medicine","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article e00467"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143767613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technical improvement on next-generation sequencing in clinical application","authors":"Xiaolei Xie,&nbsp;Weiguo Yin,&nbsp;Shuxia Xuan,&nbsp;Fuguang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology is currently widely utilized in clinical laboratories. This paper describes a method of technical improvement on NGS, which increases the success rates of NGS detection. This study reveals that the DNA library concentration is the highest at a molar ratio of 100:1 for the adapter to DNA. The self-revised method for adaptor ligation can effectively improve the success rate of DNA library, particularly in manual operations. Additionally, the modified pooling method, which incorporates various DNA fragment sizes for different NGS projects, proves beneficial for medical laboratory applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20421,"journal":{"name":"Practical Laboratory Medicine","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e00465"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143610693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indirect reference intervals for TSH in a sample of lebanese pregnant women","authors":"Dollen Eid ,&nbsp;Nizar El Bcherawi ,&nbsp;Georges Abi Tayeh ,&nbsp;Nada El Ghorayeb ,&nbsp;Marie-Hélène Gannagé-Yared","doi":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Thyroid dysfunction in pregnant women can lead to fetal complications. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is the key hormone for diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction. No previous study has established reference intervals (RI) for TSH in Lebanese pregnant women. The objective of this study is to define the TSH RIs for each trimester of pregnancy in healthy Lebanese pregnant women using an indirect method.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>This retrospective study included 287 pregnancies selected from the records of an obstetric clinic at Hôtel-Dieu de France University Hospital from January 2021 to May 2023. A control group of 103 non-pregnant women was also included in the study. The collected TSH values were stratified by trimester (first and second) of pregnancy and postpartum. After applying the exclusion criteria, a total of 458 TSH values were included in the analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The respective medians and RIs for TSH during the first, second pregnancy trimesters and postpartum are 1.57 (0.43–3.20 mIU/L), 1.84 (0.56–4.41 mIU/L), and 1.38 (0.30–3.60 mIU/L), while for the control group it is 1.66 (0.64–4.24 mIU/L). There is a significant correlation between TSH values in the first trimester and those in the second trimester and postpartum (p ≤ 0.001 and p = 0.002 respectively). No significant correlation was observed between age and TSH levels in the first and second trimesters and as well as in postpartum.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our RIs are close to the revised American Thyroid Association (ATA) recommendations. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms and clinical impact of these differences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20421,"journal":{"name":"Practical Laboratory Medicine","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e00460"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143600569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The value of loop-mediated isothermal amplification in diagnosing lower respiratory tract infections in children","authors":"Feng Yan,&nbsp;Shikun Xu,&nbsp;Meijing Shen,&nbsp;Yu Zhao,&nbsp;Huabo Tong,&nbsp;Kaifeng Wu,&nbsp;He Zha","doi":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00463","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00463","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the diagnostic value of loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP) chip method (hereinafter referred to as \"LAMP\") in the detection of pathogens in children with lower respiratory tract infections(LRTIs).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Sputum samples from 1723 children with LRTIs hospitalized from April 2020 to April 2021 were collected. Pathogen detection was performed using both LAMP and sputum culture method(SCM).Detection rates and consistency between the two methods were analyzed using the Chi-square test and Kappa analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The positive detection rates of the LAMP and the SCM were 58.97 %(1016/1723) and 43.64 %(752/1723), respectively(<em>P&lt;</em>0.001). The detection rates of <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em> (Spn)(24.26 %/13.52 %), <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>(Sau)(13.12 %/10.39 %), <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> (Aba)(1.33 %/0.48 %), <em>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</em> (Sma)(0.58 %/0.12 %), and <em>Haemophilus influenzae</em>(Hin)(31.05 %/16.19 %) were significantly higher with the LAMP than with the SCM(<em>P&lt;</em>0.05). Both methods showed that single infections were predominant among children, with positive rates of 65.06 % and 87.23 %, respectively, with Hin(49.92 %/33.69 %) being the most common pathogen.In mixed infections, the positive rates were 34.94 % and 12.77 %, respectively, with mixed infections of Hin and Spn being the most common, accounting for 48.89 % and 32.29 % of cases, respectively. There were significant differences in the detection rates of Spn, Sau, <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em>(Kpn), Sma, Hin, and <em>Escherichia coli</em>(Eco) between single and mixed infections(<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The detection results of Spn, Sau, Kpn, Hin, and Eco exhibited high consistency between the two methods, while the consistency for <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>(Pae), Aba, and Sma was lower.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The LAMP is simpler, faster, more sensitive and specific than SCM, offering a reliable laboratory diagnostic basis for clinical management of LRTIs in children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20421,"journal":{"name":"Practical Laboratory Medicine","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e00463"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biogenic amine testing in the South African public health care system","authors":"D. Legg-E’Silva ,&nbsp;E.M. Cave ,&nbsp;T. Snyman,&nbsp;S. Currin,&nbsp;N. Kone,&nbsp;K.L. Prigge","doi":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Phaeochromocytoma, paraganglioma and neuroblastoma are catecholamine secreting neuroendocrine tumours. Biochemical screening for suspected cases of these tumours involves the measurement of catecholamines and their metabolites in either urine or plasma. The South African National Health Laboratory service (NHLS) measures urine fractionated metanephrines (UMF) and normetanephrines (UNF), urine vanillylmandelic acid (UVMA) and urine homovanillic acid (UHVA).</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To analyse the demographic, biochemical and testing patterns of patients’ UMF, UNF, UVMA and UHVA in the NHLS.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from January 2015 to December 2016 for all patients undergoing UMF, UNF, UVMA and UHVA testing was extracted from the NHLS central data warehouse. Neuroendocrine tumours were biochemically diagnosed when results were &gt;2x multiples of the upper reference limits. Multiple testing was defined as ≥2 tests within a 14-day period. Ethnicity was determined through hot-deck imputation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Biochemically abnormal test results were identified by UMF/UNF measurements in 98.2 % of cases. In 1.8 % of cases, the addition of UVMA resulted in a previously unidentified biochemical positive. Adult white and coloured populations have significantly less biochemically positive UMF results compared to the African population. Multiple testing resulted in discordant results for 12.8 % of UMF and 13.1 % of UNF testing.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>UVMA testing for phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma offers little benefit over testing with UMF alone. Requesting consecutive multiple samples is preferred, however, a single 24-h fractionated UMF/UNF is efficient and cost-effective for phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma screening, with further testing recommended when clinically indicated. African individuals are more likely to have raised catecholamines and requires further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20421,"journal":{"name":"Practical Laboratory Medicine","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e00457"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}