Practical Laboratory Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Performance evaluation of the new Dymind automated hematology analyzer","authors":"Tipparat Penglong ,&nbsp;Wanicha Tepakhan ,&nbsp;Nasra Tehyoh ,&nbsp;Yanisa Na Songkhla ,&nbsp;Chakkrit Songnak ,&nbsp;Kanitta Srinoun","doi":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00507","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The Dymind automated hematology analyzer includes the five-part analyzers DF55 and DH76 and the six-part analyzer DH615, which features reticulocyte parameters and an artificial intelligence-driven analysis technology. This study evaluated the performance of these analyzers in assessing precision and conducting method comparisons to determine the diagnostic accuracy and clinical efficacy of the Dymind automated system.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We assessed precision and conducted a method comparison by analyzing complete blood count (CBC) and white blood cell (WBC) differential data from the Dymind DF55, DH76, and DH615. Results were compared with those from the Sysmex XN-3000 analyzer.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The Dymind-series analyzers demonstrated high between-run precision for all CBC and WBC differential parameters. Method comparison revealed a strong correlation (r = 0.80–0.99) between the Dymind and Sysmex analyzers for most CBC parameters, except for mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and basophil counts.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The Dymind-series analyzer exhibited a strong analytical performance across all standard CBC and WBC differential count parameters, validating their precision and comparability with a reference system for routine hematological testing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20421,"journal":{"name":"Practical Laboratory Medicine","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article e00507"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient-based pre-classified real-time quality control with neural network (PCRTQC-NN)","authors":"Bo Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiaoying Li ,&nbsp;Shitong Cheng ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Zhou ,&nbsp;Hui Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00506","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00506","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Patient-based real-time quality control (PBRTQC) is essential for clinical laboratory management but struggles with detecting small systematic errors. This study presents the patient-based pre-classified real-time quality control with neural network (PCRTQC-NN) model, utilizing neural networks to improve error detection by extracting analytical features from testing instruments.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using PCRTQC's clustering analysis, we pre-classified and processed Na, CHOL, ALT, and CR data from 611,031 patients. A neural network autoencoder, trained using TensorFlow with mean squared error (MSE) as the loss function, extracted the testing instrument's analytical features under error-free conditions. Systematic errors were identified by comparing reconstruction residuals between test and reconstructed data. The average number of patient samples until error detection (ANPed) evaluated the model performance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The PCRTQC-NN's error detection surpasses traditional algorithms Compared to PCRTQC, it reduced the ANPed for ALT by 37 % (constant error, CE) and 22 % (proportional error, PE) at 1 total error allowable (TEa), with comparable results for other analytes. For 0.5 TEa errors, the ANPed for CHOL decreased by 23 % (CE) and 22 % (PE), for ALT by 14 % (CE) and 6 % (PE), and for CR by 4 % (CE) and 9 % (PE), enhancing error detection capabilities for analytes with high inter-individual variability and sensitivity to smaller errors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>PCRTQC-NN significantly enhances systematic error detection compared to PCRTQC, leveraging autoencoders to extract analytical features as discrete signals, thus improving SNR for high-variability analytes. It promises improved laboratory efficiency and inter-laboratory standardization via robust feature models. Future multi-center studies will validate broad applicability across diverse settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20421,"journal":{"name":"Practical Laboratory Medicine","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article e00506"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical validation of a scrape-free multitarget stool RNA test for colorectal cancer screening","authors":"Erica K. Barnell ,&nbsp;Kimberly Kruse ,&nbsp;Elizabeth M. Wurtzler ,&nbsp;Maya Crowder Scott ,&nbsp;Andrew R. Barnell ,&nbsp;Eric J. Duncavage","doi":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00502","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00502","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background &amp; aims</h3><div>Traditional stool-based colorectal cancer (CRC) screening tests require patients to collect and swab their own stool, which can reduce adherence due to aversion and introduce variability from user error. A novel multitarget stool RNA test (mt-sRNA, ColoSense) eliminates the need for scraping or swabbing stool. Instead, patients merely deposit and ship a sample to the lab. Once recieved, laboratory technologists swab the sample and quantify hemoglobin concentrations using the fecal immunochemical test (FIT). This study evaluates the reliability and reproducibility of this in-laboratory fecal sampling method.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Analytical validation was performed by generating stool pools with known hemoglobin concentrations and exposing pools to various conditions prior to testing with the in-lab FIT. Analytical validation assessed freeze thaw stability, interfering substances, stool input volume, precision, and in-transit stability. Clinical equivalency was also evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All studies met predefined acceptance criteria. The assay demonstrated stability for up to three freeze-thaw cycles. Interference testing with nine dietary substances showed no impact on assay performance. The in-lab FIT maintained accuracy across five different stool input volumes and demonstrated high precision. In-transit stability was confirmed for up to 120 hours, supporting sample robustness during shipping and handling. Clinical equivalency demonstrated in-lab FIT sensitivity of 78 % for CRC and 33 % for advanced adenomas, aligning with previously reported performance of the at-home FIT method.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Analytical validation of the in-lab FIT demonstrates the reliability and robustness of this streamlined, single-sample collection method. This improvement could enhance adherence and patient ease-of-use in stool-based CRC screening.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20421,"journal":{"name":"Practical Laboratory Medicine","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article e00502"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145019276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Validation of an assay for NGAL in a Pediatric Population” [Practical Laboratory Medicine, PLABM 486, e00486]","authors":"Nazmin Bithi,&nbsp;Ridwan B. Ibrahim,&nbsp;Estella Tam,&nbsp;Radwa Almamoun,&nbsp;Annett C. Frenk Oquendo,&nbsp;Ayse Akcan-Arikan,&nbsp;Sridevi Devaraj","doi":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00489","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20421,"journal":{"name":"Practical Laboratory Medicine","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e00489"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144988318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative validation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol estimation formulas in older Georgian adults","authors":"Gagua Nino,&nbsp;Mokvanidze Lizi,&nbsp;Kekenadze Nino","doi":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00504","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00504","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a critical marker for cardiovascular risk assessment. Although direct measurement offers high accuracy, it is often cost-prohibitive and impractical for routine use in low- and middle-income countries. Multiple formulas, including those by Friedewald, de Cordova, and Chen, have been proposed to estimate LDL-C, though their accuracy varies across populations. This study evaluated the performance of eight LDL-C estimation formulas against direct measurement in a predominantly older adult Georgian cohort.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>We retrospectively analyzed lipid profiles from 500 adults with complete panels, stratified by triglyceride (TG) levels, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), and age. LDL-C was estimated using eight formulas and compared with direct LDL-C assays. The study adhered to the Helsinki Declaration and was approved by the Bioethics International Committee of Petre Shotadze Tbilisi Medical Academy.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Substantial variability was observed across formulas. Friedewald and Chen showed minimal underestimation, aligning well with direct measurements, particularly at moderate TG levels. The de Cordova formula maintained stable accuracy across TG strata, including borderline hypertriglyceridaemia. The Ahmadi formula, originally developed for mmol/L, produced significant overestimation in mg/dL units and was excluded from threshold-based analyses. Sensitivity testing using CLIA's dual total allowable error (TEa) thresholds (±12 % or 12 mg/dL) improved agreement for all formulas, especially at low LDL-C levels.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Friedewald and de Cordova offer reliable, cost-effective LDL-C estimates for older adults. Formula selection should account for TG levels, demographics, and analytical context. Broader validation in diverse cohorts is needed to enhance generalizability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20421,"journal":{"name":"Practical Laboratory Medicine","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article e00504"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144934182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of sigma-based quality control rules for the efficiency of internal quality control","authors":"Hyunji Choi ,&nbsp;Ina Jeong ,&nbsp;Jeongeun Cheon ,&nbsp;Chul-Min Park ,&nbsp;Sun Min Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00501","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00501","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Ensuring stability in medical laboratories through quality control (QC) is crucial and requires fitted rules to prevent false alerts and identify errors. This study demonstrates how the introduction of new QC rules to align with individual total allowable error (TEa) affects laboratory efficiency and error detection.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Changes in the performance of 26 biochemical tests before and after applying new internal quality control (IQC) rules were studied. Pre-Phase utilized uniform QC rules (1–3s, 2-2s, 2/3-2s, R-4s, 4-1s, and 12-x) while Post-Phase adopted new QC rules selected using Westgard Adviser (Bio-Rad Inc., USA). Sigma metrics were calculated using TEa and precision and bias from IQC data, compared to the peer group. Efficiency was assessed by comparing QC-repeat rates, turnaround times (TAT), and proficiency test (PT) results.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>QC-repeats due to violations averaged 5.6 % in the Pre-Phase and decreased to 2.5 % in the Post-Phase. As a result, the rate of out-of-TAT in peak-time decreased from 29.4 % to 15.2 %. In Pre-Phase, 67 of 271 cases exceeded the 2 standard deviation index (SDI) in the PT, which was reduced to 24 cases in Post-Phase. Cases exceeding the 3 SDI significantly decreased from 27 to 4 in the Post-Phase.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The introduction of sigma-based rules in the internal quality control process improved laboratory efficiency by reducing QC-repeat, recalibration, and TAT while maintaining quality, demonstrating a valuable balance between efficiency and analytical performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20421,"journal":{"name":"Practical Laboratory Medicine","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article e00501"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145007515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tumor-informed circulating tumor DNA detection for personalized monitoring of treatment response in epithelial ovarian cancer","authors":"Sung Wan Kang ,&nbsp;Ok-Ju Kang ,&nbsp;Young-Jae Lee ,&nbsp;Hee Jung Jung ,&nbsp;Min-Seo Lee ,&nbsp;Ji-Young Lee ,&nbsp;Yong-Man Kim ,&nbsp;Shin-Wha Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has emerged as a valuable biomarker in liquid biopsies for monitoring treatment responses in cancer patients. However, detecting ctDNA in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is challenging due to its high heterogeneity and the absence of hotspot driver mutations. Therefore, a personalized approach to ctDNA analysis is essential, tailored to the specific tumor mutations of each EOC patient. In this study, we aimed to evaluate a droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) method targeting various genetic alterations in ctDNA identified through a targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel in EOC tumors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>EOC tumor tissues were sequenced using a targeted NGS panel to identify oncogenic mutations. ddPCR assays were subsequently designed and optimized to detect these tumor-specific mutations in ctDNA. ctDNA levels were monitored and compared with CA-125 for EOC.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fourteen pathogenic mutations, including <em>TP53, PIK3CA, PTEN, KRAS,</em> and <em>RB1</em>, were identified in 13 patients with EOC and selected as targets for ctDNA detection. The performance of ddPCR assays was validated for 10 mutations, and mutated ctDNA was successfully detected for 8 mutations in 7 patients. In most cases, ctDNA levels showed trends consistent with CA-125 levels, reflecting the treatment response. However, in one case, <em>PTEN</em> (E91∗) mutated ctDNA was detected during recurrence, while CA-125 levels remained within the normal range.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study demonstrates the clinical utility of ddPCR for monitoring treatment responses in EOC by targeting patient-specific mutations. Integrating ddPCR with NGS-based mutation identification offers an effective approach for assessing therapeutic outcomes in EOC patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20421,"journal":{"name":"Practical Laboratory Medicine","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article e00500"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic value of baseline plasma D-dimer levels in sepsis: a prospective cohort study","authors":"Xiaoxiao Qu ,&nbsp;Shishi Wang ,&nbsp;Xuanmei Ye ,&nbsp;Guosong Jiang ,&nbsp;Mihereguli Kuerban ,&nbsp;Qipeng Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Plasma D-dimer, a fibrin degradation product, reflects coagulation activation and is often elevated in critically ill patients. Its prognostic significance in sepsis, particularly for short-term outcomes, remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this prospective cohort study, we enrolled 175 adult ICU patients with sepsis (Sepsis-3 criteria) from March 2024 to February 2025. Plasma D-dimer levels were measured at ICU admission and daily for five days. D-dimer levels were categorized into quartiles. The primary outcome was 30-day all-cause mortality; secondary outcome was in-hospital septic shock. Associations were analyzed using Cox regression, Kaplan–Meier analysis, and subgroup analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Elevated admission D-dimer levels were significantly associated with increased risks of 30-day mortality and septic shock. Each 1 μg/mL increase in D-dimer was linked to a 6 % higher mortality risk (HR = 1.06; 95 % CI: 1.02–1.11; P = 0.008) and an 8 % higher septic shock risk (HR = 1.08; 95 % CI: 1.03–1.12; P &lt; 0.001), after adjusting for confounders. Patients in the highest quartile had the worst outcomes. A significant interaction with serum amyloid A (SAA) was observed for mortality (P = 0.043), but not for septic shock.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Baseline plasma D-dimer levels independently predict 30-day mortality and septic shock in sepsis. D-dimer may serve as a valuable early biomarker for risk stratification in sepsis management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20421,"journal":{"name":"Practical Laboratory Medicine","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e00498"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144893580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative diagnostic method to detect Gardnerella vaginalis by droplet digital PCR","authors":"Yong-Zhuo Zhou ,&nbsp;Yun-Hu Zhao ,&nbsp;Yan-Lan Chen ,&nbsp;Wei-Zhen Fang ,&nbsp;Bi-Si Liang ,&nbsp;Xu-Guang Guo ,&nbsp;Chao-Hui Duan ,&nbsp;Hui-Ling Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00499","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00499","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAAT) remain one of the most reliable methods for pathogen identification. Given the high false-negative rates associated with traditional staining and microscopic examination, the time-consuming nature and low sensitivity of bacterial culture methods, as well as the inability of conventional NAAT to achieve absolute quantification.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To achieve rapid and quantitative detection of <em>Gardnerella vaginalis</em>, we selected the 23S rRNA gene as the target for identification and developed a droplet digital PCR detection method.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The entire detection process can be completed within 92 min, demonstrating high efficiency. The sensitivity reached 4.4 pg/μL, and no positive droplets were detected in experiments involving eight negative control pathogens, confirming high specificity. Additionally, the ddPCR assay for <em>Gardnerella vaginalis</em> exhibited excellent repeatability, with a calculated coefficient of variation of 1 %.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The ddPCR detection technology demonstrates characteristics such as absolute quantification, high sensitivity, high specificity, and high reproducibility for <em>Gardnerella vaginalis</em>, showing promise as an excellent testing platform. This advancement could provide a more scientific basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20421,"journal":{"name":"Practical Laboratory Medicine","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e00499"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive and translational pathobiology of COVID-19 based on cellular and molecular techniques","authors":"Ali Akbar Samadani ,&nbsp;Sogand Vahidi ,&nbsp;Kosar Babaei ,&nbsp;Seyedeh Elham Norollahi ,&nbsp;Kourosh Delpasand ,&nbsp;Elaheh Asghari Gharakhyli","doi":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The biggest health issue in the world right now is the COVID-19 pandemic. This outbreak has caused a lot more people to be hospitalized for pneumonia and serious health problems, leading to many deaths. This report talks about many studies that showed the causes and how common COVID-19 is, as well as how to diagnose it in clinics and labs, and how to prevent and control it. These studies are very important and directly related to COVID-19 to help manage the current public emergency. Many parts of this dangerous disease, like how it spreads, how to diagnose it, how it infects people, and how to treat it, are still not well understood. It's important that to prevent, diagnose, and treat COVID-19 well, we need research at the molecular and clinical levels, along with public health measures and medical treatments. Clearly, new treatments like mesenchymal stem cell therapy have shown great promise in this area. Here, we will talk about and show the advanced lab methods used to understand how COVID-19 spreads, how it is diagnosed, and how it can be treated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20421,"journal":{"name":"Practical Laboratory Medicine","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e00497"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}