Land Degradation & Development最新文献

{"title":"Potential Salt Tolerant Species Located in Various Parts of the World","authors":"Tushar Andriyas, Nisa Leksungnoen, Chatchai Ngernsaengsaruay, Sanyogita Andriyas","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5540","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the spatial distribution of salinity and plant species is crucial to manage and maintain sustainability and to reclaim areas affected by salinity. In this study, we modeled the global distribution of soil salinity using inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation on the WOSiS salinity database. The predicted global map was used to extract salinity values and confidence intervals at species locations, through which 243 species were predicted in median locations affected by high to severe salinity. The Amaranthaceae family contributed the highest number of salt-tolerant species with 30 species (upto 12%), followed by Poaceae (21 species), Fabaceae (20 species), with 191 out of the 243 listed species having some salt tolerance trait and 96 having root microbiome interaction. Species such as <i>Atriplex portulacoides</i>, <i>Eryngium maritimum</i>, <i>Dittrichia viscosa</i>, <i>Phragmites australis</i>, and <i>Anagallis arvensis</i> have high chances of establishment in such harsh environments, given the presence of salt-tolerant traits and root microbiome interaction assisting in nutrient availability. We conclude that spatial interpolation techniques can be a useful tool to shortlist species for the economic bioremediation and reclamation of highly saline areas around the world, which is in correspondence with the goals set by the UN-Decade of Ecosystem Restoration.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143517823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Degradation of Dryland Vegetation Patchiness Through the Lens of Power-Law Relationships","authors":"P. A. Cipriotti, G. R. Oñatibia, S. Pütz, M. R. Aguiar, T. Wiegand","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5534","url":null,"abstract":"Vegetation patchiness is a key characteristic of drylands and closely linked with their functioning. Deviations from pure power-law distributions of patch sizes have been suggested as indicators of degradation and early warning signals of approaching desertification thresholds. The general objective of our study is to evaluate the usefulness of patch-size distributions as indicators of vegetation degradation caused by grazing and drought. To achieve this, we utilized field data and data generated by individual-based simulation models to examine how vegetation patchiness changes in Patagonian drylands under different rainfall scenarios and grazing conditions. First, we compared patch-size distributions predicted by two models for semi-arid grass steppes and for arid shrub steppes under current rainfall conditions with field data from two grazing scenarios (ungrazed and overgrazed). Second, we used the models to simulate the long-term effects of grazing on vegetation patchiness under both drier and wetter conditions. Our field data revealed that the impact of grazing depends on aridity, with stronger effects observed in the semi-arid steppes than in the arid steppes. Our simulation results indicate that changes in rainfall regimes have a stronger effect on patch-size distributions than grazing. Wetter conditions increased the number of medium-to-large-sized patches in both steppes, regardless of grazing. Deviations from power-law distributions were not directly related to overgrazing and degradation; however, grazing and changes in rainfall caused systematic changes in the parameters of the power-law patch-size distributions, supporting their usefulness as one indicator in the assessment of degradation.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"85 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143517821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Suitable Models for Regional Ecological Development: A Study on Multi-Scenario Ecological Risk Assessment in Typical Arid Regions","authors":"Juan Yang, Jianghua Zheng, ChuQiao Han, Binbin Lu, Wenjie Yu, Zhe Wang, Jiale Wu, Linzhi Han","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5533","url":null,"abstract":"Global climate change and rapid urban expansion, combined with other natural and human-induced factors, have worsened land use patterns' sustainability in arid regions, impacting ecological vulnerability and the attainment of Sustainable Development Goal 15. We employ a multi-scale assessment to quantify the development level of ecological risks in arid regions and establish scenario-based management mechanisms. Using Shared Socioeconomic Pathways and Representative Concentration Pathways scenarios, we integrate a system dynamics model (SD) and a patch-based land-use simulation model (PLUS) to project land-use patterns in Xinjiang, China, under various scenarios. Additionally, employing a PSR (Pressure-State-Response) dual-perspective model, we establish a comprehensive ecological risk assessment system, enabling a quantitative evaluation of ecological risks in Xinjiang, including its northern and southern regions and various administrative districts, over the next three decades. Findings reveal human activities as the primary driver shaping Xinjiang's landscape, with GDP, population, and digital elevation model (DEM) influencing landscape development. Ecological risk in Xinjiang follows a spatial distribution pattern of “high in the south, low in the north; high in the east, low in the west,” with varying risk levels across the region. For northern and southern Xinjiang, the sustainable development (SD) scenario favors ecological restoration in the south, while rapid economic development (RED) aids in addressing landscape fragmentation issues in the north. At the municipal scale, the Karamay and Aksu regions are most suitable for adopting the SD scenario development model, whereas the Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture is not suitable for the RED scenario development model.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143532312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Land Use Changes and Sustainable Development Goals Alignment Through Assessing Ecosystem Service Supply and Demand Balance","authors":"Ruilin Shi, Xinyu Huang, Lunche Wang, Yang Xiang, Chunbo Huang","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5521","url":null,"abstract":"Ecosystem service quality is closely linked to human well-being, and sustainable provision of ecosystem service is essential for ensuring regional ecological security and achieving sustainability goals. An innovative valuation framework is introduced that combines land use/cover change (LUCC) analysis, supply and demand matrices and Gini coefficient calculations to assess the supply and demand of ecosystem services (ES-S and ES-D). Unlike traditional static methods, this approach captures intricate spatial and temporal mismatches, offering new insights into the impacts of LUCC on ES balance within the framework of sustainable development goals (SDGs). Taking the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA) as a case study, the findings indicate a significant decrease in cultivated land, accompanied by expansion of forest and built-up area, driven by farmland-to-forest policies and urbanization. These shifts have improved the balance of provisioning and supporting services but have also intensified regional disparities, particularly in Chongqing, where demand outpaces supply. Furthermore, LUCC have altered the capacity of ecosystems in the TGRA to provide essential services, such as soil retention and water regulation, thereby supporting progress toward SDGs related to ecosystem sustainability. However, imbalances in cultural services persist, highlighting the need for targeted management strategies to optimize ES provision and support regional sustainability. This study underscores the importance of ongoing ES-S and ES-D assessments to inform sustainable land management policies in ecologically sensitive areas like the TGRA.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143495779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of Land Tenure Security on the Conversion of Agricultural Land to Urban Use","authors":"Saghi Movahhed Moghaddam, Hossein Azadi, Petr Sklenička, Kristina Janečková","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5535","url":null,"abstract":"Land tenure security influences several processes relevant to the long-term sustainability of farmland management, including agricultural land conversion to urban use (ALCU). This phenomenon has been illustrated by several studies, mainly on the scale of individual countries. However, there is a noticeable lack of global-scale analyses examining how different aspects of land tenure affect ALCU. To address this gap, we have conducted a meta-analysis of 62 studies that provide quantitative insights into the effects of land tenure variables on ALCU. We used Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software to extract data from original articles, including land tenure type (expressed as land farmed by its owner and land farmed by a tenant), legal status (titled land and untitled land), cadastral assignment (designated and not-designated agricultural land), and land ownership (private land and communal land). We have found significant effects of all these aspects of land tenure on ALCU. Land farmed by its owner was the most substantial factor protecting agricultural land from urbanization, with a 3.42% decrease in ALCU. We also observed a 2.97% decrease in ALCU on titled land, a 2.62% decrease on designated agricultural land, and a 1.85% decrease on land that was privately owned. The application of findings and implications for policymakers are substantial: (i) efforts to secure land tenure, especially in underinvested areas, can minimize the degradation of land resources and facilitate better farmland preservation, (ii) the support of owner-operated farming, land titles, private ownership of land, and designated agricultural land is conducive to sustainable farmland management, and (iii) the synergic effect of promoting land tenure security should be utilized to protect agricultural land from conversion to urban uses.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"305 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143485965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil Salinity Reduces Soil Carbon Storage Mainly by Decreasing Inorganic Carbon in the Ring Tarim Basin of Xinjiang, China","authors":"Junjie Zhou, Heyu Zhang, Liyan Liu, Tianzhong Wu, Yiming Feng, Wenke Guan, Yongping Liu, Bingcheng Xu","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5523","url":null,"abstract":"Saline soil is an important inorganic carbon pool and is highly susceptible to environmental change. The Tarim Basin is the largest inland basin around the world, with saline land making up approximately 20% of its total area, while few research has been conducted on salt-affected soil carbon density and its distribution in the region. To identify the effect of soil salinity on soil carbon density, we collected 135 soil profiles (0–100 cm), and calculated the soil organic carbon density (SOCD), soil inorganic carbon density (SICD), soil total carbon density (STCD) and their distribution, and discussed their relationships with climate and soil physicochemical properties. Results showed that average STCD, SOCD, and SICD at 0–100 cm soil profile were 25.0, 3.7, and 21.3 kg C m⁻², respectively. SICD was approximately 6.30–9.04 times higher than SOCD. The vertical distribution of SOCD decreased with increasing soil depth, whereas STCD and SICD increased. Soil salinity had negative effects on STCD by reducing both SOCD and SICD, with the negative impact increasing with salinity degrees. Compared to non-salinity, STCD at 0–100 cm soil profile decreased by 10.5%, 7.0% and 10.5% under light, moderate, and severe salinity, respectively. Random forest analysis indicated that soil total nitrogen content (STN) and soil bulk density (BD) were the most important predictor variables for estimating SOCD and SICD. Soil salinity had significant negative correlation with STN and BD, resulting in a negative effect on SOCD and SICD. Our findings emphasized that soil salinity reduced STCD mainly by reducing SICD, and the reduction in carbon stocks increased with increasing soil salinity degree. In addition, mitigation of the adverse effects of soil salinity on STC stocks could be considered by increasing STN content and soil bulk density.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143485967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vegetation Pattern During Early Succession in Landslides of Garhwal Himalayas: Correlation Between Plant Species and Soil Characteristics","authors":"Deepesh Goyal, Varun Joshi","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5525","url":null,"abstract":"Landslides are geological disasters that occur very frequently in the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) and are considered as major perturbation processes to soil and vegetation. Natural recovery, one of the most effective ways of landslide recovery, was studied by referring to vegetational structure, soils, and environmental variables and their correlations about 6 years after a landslide in Garhwal Himalayas. The study illustrated that a nutrient-deficient environment prevails in landslides. A total of 25 plant species were found with higher diversity and richness indices of herb species in disturbed sites than in undisturbed sites. The low values of similarity index between the landslide and control sites exhibit the impacts of environmental components on the recovery of vegetation on landslides. The correlation through redundancy analysis (RDA) reveals that the herb species are more inclined toward the higher landslide sites having high pH and low nutrient content, whereas the woody species are more oriented toward the middle landslide sites. It was also observed that <i>Alnus nepalensis</i> has a wide distributional range as it was placed near the center of the RDA biplot. There exists a research gap in apprehending the variations in soil carbon status, nutrient dynamics, and plant community structure following natural recovery along elevational gradients in landslides. The study indicates that the early stages of plant recovery following landslides are significantly influenced by abiotic environmental conditions associated with soil characteristics. This study also provides a reference for the recovery and restoration strategies in the landslide-affected regions. The recovery in landslides is a complex process; hence, further long-term studies should be continued to evaluate the spatio-temporal variations during succession in landslides and interactions between the biotic and abiotic components.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"209 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143485966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneously Improving Soil AMF Community and Phosphorus Uptake by Cotton Plants by Continuous Straw Incorporation and Optimizing Phosphorus Management","authors":"Nan Cao, Li Zha, Qiang Li, Wei Hu, Jiayin Pang, Zhiguo Zhou, Wenqing Zhao, Yali Meng","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5520","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphorus (P) fertilization and straw incorporation are essential agricultural practices, both of which have an influence on the abundance and diversity of the indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) community. However, there are still research gaps on the interactive effects of P fertilizer application and straw incorporation on indigenous AMF in coastal saline–alkali land. Thus, this study aimed to assess several mycorrhizal features, the abundance, and the community composition of soil AMF in a field after a 4-year barley–cotton rotation. We also explored the roles of AMF play in enhancing cotton P uptake. The field was treated with five triple superphosphate levels (0, 22, 44, 66, and 88 kg ha⁻¹) and subjected to either straw incorporation or removal. The total P content of cotton increased with straw incorporation and increasing P application rates; however, the percentage of P partitioned to bolls, the boll capacity of the root system (BCR), and the boll loading of the root system (BLR) exhibited a trend of initially increasing followed by a decrease. The highest value was achieved when straw incorporation was combined with 44 kg P ha⁻¹. Besides, the root colonization by AMF, soil AMF abundance, and spore density were highest at 22 kg P ha⁻¹ without straw and 44 kg P ha⁻¹ in the straw incorporation treatment. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that the observed community shift was primarily driven by the enhancement of rhizosphere soil pH and organic matter following straw incorporation. Overall, these findings showed that straw incorporation coupled with moderate P fertilizer created a favorable rhizosphere soil environment, which, in turn, enhanced rhizosphere soil AMF diversity and abundance, thereby improving cotton root production capacity and facilitating P distribution to reproductive organs. Our results suggested that the threshold of P fertilizer input can provide a basis for saving P fertilizer and effectively maintain agricultural ecosystems' AMF diversity and abundance in coastal saline–alkali land.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143470522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Rural Non‐Agricultural Employment on Eco‐Efficiency of Farmland Utilization in China: Evidence From 31 Years","authors":"Hua Lu, Jiahong Gong, Laiyou Zhou, Guan Wang","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5524","url":null,"abstract":"Improving the eco‐efficiency of farmland utilization (EEFU) is crucial for sustainable agricultural practices. This study employs a comprehensive, feasible, generalized least squares model to empirically assess the impact of rural non‐agricultural employment (RNE) on EEFU, revealing variations across grain production areas in China. This study also analyzes the spatiotemporal distribution and convergence of EEFU in China from 1990 to 2020 by using the global undesired super‐efficiency slacks‐based measure model and convergence model. Findings indicate that RNE constantly increases; meanwhile, EEFU initially decreases and then increases, demonstrating absolute β convergence. Provinces with low EEFU present a “catch‐up” effect with those characterized by high EEFU. A U‐shaped relationship between RNE and EEFU is thus recognized: RNE in China generally reduces EEFU but enhances EEFU in major grain‐producing areas. However, this relationship weakens in primary grain‐marketing areas and balanced production‐marketing areas. To improve EEFU, China should provide agricultural outsourcing services for elderly and smallholder farmers, addressing labor shortages, insufficient technology utilization, and low efficiency, thus promoting environment‐friendly production practices. Expanding farmland to achieve economies of scale in farmland utilization is also important for improving EEFU.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143462932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the Water Reservoir and River Engineering Structures on Longitudinal and Transverse (Dis)connectivity Associated With Sediment Transfer","authors":"Joanna Piasecka, Jolanta Święchowicz, Alicja Najwer, Zbigniew Zwoliński","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5519","url":null,"abstract":"Human impact in the form of reservoir construction and river regulation downstream of reservoirs, is causing irreversible alterations to hillslope and river channel connectivity in river catchments. This disruption in the dynamic equilibrium of the river is attributed to sediment accumulation upstream of the reservoir's dam, limited sediment outflow from the reservoir, and increased downcutting downstream of the dam. Consequently, these alterations necessitate further human interference in natural environmental processes through the construction of various river engineering structures designed to reduce the intensity of downcutting. The purpose of the present study was to assess the impact of a small mountain reservoir and additional river regulation structures on the Wapienica River in southern Poland, focusing on the structural and functional connectivity of the river channel in terms of sediment transfer. This assessment was based on erosion and connectivity modeling, as well as field mapping. A high-resolution digital elevation model (HRDEM) was examined in the study along with survey data on suspended sediment accumulation sites along the river. The study utilized open-source tools, including SedInConnect for connectivity index (IC) calculation, and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) for ArcGIS software. It was found that the Wapienica reservoir permanently retains the floating material, making the likelihood of this material flowing out of the reservoir minimal. Within the reverse delta of the reservoir, the entire load of bottom material (sand) is also retained. Thicker bottom material (gravel, boulders) is deposited in the riverbed within the delta, leading to the shallowing of the bed upstream of the delta. These processes disrupt longitudinal connectivity. Six connectivity zones have been identified within the catchment. The first four are situated in the southern part of the catchment: strong connectivity, reduction, concrete channel, and damage area. The remaining two, situated in the northern part are: artificial channel and drainage channels. Each of the six zones is characterized by different sediments and river processes. It was demonstrated that a more detailed and more probably connectivity pattern for hillslopes and river channels may be obtained through the use of several tools and parameters at the same time (i.e., fieldwork, SWAT, IC).","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143462490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}