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Gradient Index Lens Array Through-focus Modulation Transfer Function Modeling 梯度折射率透镜阵列透焦调制传递函数建模
Gradient Index Optical Systems Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/giois.1994.gtub4
R. Herloski
{"title":"Gradient Index Lens Array Through-focus Modulation Transfer Function Modeling","authors":"R. Herloski","doi":"10.1364/giois.1994.gtub4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/giois.1994.gtub4","url":null,"abstract":"Radial gradient index (GRIN) fiber lenses are becoming more and more common in a variety of optical devices, especially photocopying machines. In these machines arrays of GRIN lenses are used to form compact unity magnification lenses. These arrays are commercially available from the Nippon Sheet Glass Co. under the trade name SELFOC1 lens array, or SLA.","PeriodicalId":203841,"journal":{"name":"Gradient Index Optical Systems","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130004588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bistable Bright Solitons in Nonlinear Monomode Optical Fiber 非线性单模光纤中的双稳态亮孤子
Gradient Index Optical Systems Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/giois.1994.gtud6
H. Michinel
{"title":"Bistable Bright Solitons in Nonlinear Monomode Optical Fiber","authors":"H. Michinel","doi":"10.1364/giois.1994.gtud6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/giois.1994.gtud6","url":null,"abstract":"It is well known that for certain class of nonlinearities the soliton solution of the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation (GNSE) becomes multistable(1). The existence of this kind of solitons is related to the type of dependence of nonlinear susceptibility on the intensity of light.","PeriodicalId":203841,"journal":{"name":"Gradient Index Optical Systems","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122562824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reduction and Enlargement using Unity Magnification Gradient-Index Lens Arrays 使用统一放大倍率梯度折射率透镜阵列的缩小和放大
Gradient Index Optical Systems Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/giois.1994.gwc7
J. Rees, R. Loce
{"title":"Reduction and Enlargement using Unity Magnification Gradient-Index Lens Arrays","authors":"J. Rees, R. Loce","doi":"10.1364/giois.1994.gwc7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/giois.1994.gwc7","url":null,"abstract":"Arrays of gradient-index lenses are commercially available as Selfoc® lens arrays from the Nippon Sheet Glass Co. The lenses are radial gradient cylinders that are arrayed in a parallel fashion, and thus are necessarily confined to unity magnification (1×) imaging. A primary application of Selfoc lens arrays has been in personal and engineering drawing photocopiers copiers that operate at only unity magnification. For other light-lens photocopiers, in addition to unity magnification, reduction and enlargement copying has become a universal customer requirement that is now generally considered a standard feature. In an attempt to broaden the applicability of Selfoc lens to more general office copying needs, a reduction/enlargement gradient-index lens array has been developed and previously described in Ref. 1. This R/E Selfoc has certain short comings; only one value of reduction and its reciprocal for enlargement are possible, and it is limited to relatively small field sizes (original/copy) such as B4/A4 paper combinations with magnifications in the range of 70-140%. Finally, image quality varies across the field, being lower at the edges than at the center.","PeriodicalId":203841,"journal":{"name":"Gradient Index Optical Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122662727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Numerical Investigation of Spherical Gradient Index Microlenses with the Wave Propagation Method 球面梯度折射率微透镜的波传播法数值研究
Gradient Index Optical Systems Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/giois.1994.gwc6
W. Singer, K. Brenner, M. Testorf
{"title":"Numerical Investigation of Spherical Gradient Index Microlenses with the Wave Propagation Method","authors":"W. Singer, K. Brenner, M. Testorf","doi":"10.1364/giois.1994.gwc6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/giois.1994.gwc6","url":null,"abstract":"The ion exchange process in glass is an important fabrication method for waveguides as well as for gradient index microlenses [1]. The diffusion response and therefore the shape of the gradient index distribution is variable due to many exchange parameters. Different glass-types and different exchange pairs, showing different degree of non-linearity of the exchange process influence the steepness of the profiles, whereas the symmetry of the index-distribution is changeable by mask-design [2]. For the user of microlenses as well as for the manufacturer, it is important to know the imaging properties of the different index profiles.","PeriodicalId":203841,"journal":{"name":"Gradient Index Optical Systems","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127117906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Integrated Imaging Fiber Optics with Multiple Grin Lenses 多Grin透镜集成成像光纤
Gradient Index Optical Systems Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/giois.1994.gwc4
H. Dhadwal, R. Khan
{"title":"Integrated Imaging Fiber Optics with Multiple Grin Lenses","authors":"H. Dhadwal, R. Khan","doi":"10.1364/giois.1994.gwc4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/giois.1994.gwc4","url":null,"abstract":"Design and fabrication of an integrated imaging fiber optic probe (IFOP) (comprising a monomode optical fiber which is fusion spliced to a short length of a graded index multimode fiber) for delivery of either a collimated beam or a focused spot to a remote location, has been reported earlier.1 A short section of a multimode graded index fiber (GFL) with quadratic index profile has focusing properties similar to those of spherical lenses and Sclfoc2 graded index lenses manufactured by NSG2. Advantages of GFL over Selfoc lenses include miniaturization, narrower beam delivery for a certain distance and alignment-free lens system since the GFL is fused to the monomode fiber. Applications in areas such as photon correlation spectroscopy3 and fiber optic connectors4 have been evaluated. Variations in the image distance and magnification can be obtained by controlling the length of the GFL and is limited by the properties (namely the refractive index profile) of the GFL under use.","PeriodicalId":203841,"journal":{"name":"Gradient Index Optical Systems","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131624784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chemical Structure and Concentration Dependence of the Diffusion Coefficient in Silver/Sodium Ion-Exchanged Aluminosilicate Glasses 银/钠离子交换铝硅酸盐玻璃中扩散系数的化学结构及浓度依赖性
Gradient Index Optical Systems Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/giois.1994.gtue2
J. M. Inman, S. Houde-Walter, B. McIntyre
{"title":"Chemical Structure and Concentration Dependence of the Diffusion Coefficient in Silver/Sodium Ion-Exchanged Aluminosilicate Glasses","authors":"J. M. Inman, S. Houde-Walter, B. McIntyre","doi":"10.1364/giois.1994.gtue2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/giois.1994.gtue2","url":null,"abstract":"Ion exchange is often used to alter the index of refraction of a glass to fabricate waveguide and micro-optics devices, usually resulting in a gradient index. However, in order to efficiently design such devices it is necessary to be able to accurately predict and control the ion exchange. One important complication that must be accounted for is the Mixed Mobile Ion Effect (MMIE), also known as the Mixed Alkali Effect, in which many of the glass properties vary from additivity when two species of monovalent cations are present. This effect, although extensively documented, is poorly understood. As a result, parameters and conditions for ion exchanges are usually determined through a tedious trial-and-error process. We have found that insight into ion-exchange processes, including the MMIE, can be gained from studies of glass structure. We have studied silver-for-sodium exchange in a series of aluminosilicate glasses, commercially important for ion-exchanged waveguides. In this work we relate the results of our previous structural studies to MMIE and the concentration dependence of the diffusion coefficient.","PeriodicalId":203841,"journal":{"name":"Gradient Index Optical Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128469942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Li+ for Na+ and Na+ for Li+ Ion Exchange in Alumina Borate Glasses 硼酸铝玻璃中Li+为Na+， Na+为Li+离子交换
Gradient Index Optical Systems Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/giois.1994.gtue3
J. Bentley, J. L. Rouke, D. S. Kindred, D. Moore
{"title":"Li+ for Na+ and Na+ for Li+ Ion Exchange in Alumina Borate Glasses","authors":"J. Bentley, J. L. Rouke, D. S. Kindred, D. Moore","doi":"10.1364/giois.1994.gtue3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/giois.1994.gtue3","url":null,"abstract":"In optical design, the index of refraction profile of a gradient-index element is usually expressed by a polynomial expansion. [1] Although mathematically - convenient, this type of representation cannot be constrained by manufacturing parameters during optimization. In the past, this has resulted in a trial and error fabrication process which has made the implementation of many designs difficult. A preferred method from a manufacturing standpoint would be to design the lens in terms of the actual fabrication parameters by developing diffusion models and incorporating them into a lens design program. This paper discusses a Li+-Na+ diffusion model which has been developed for an alumina borate glass system. Results of the model are compared to experimental gradient index profiles.","PeriodicalId":203841,"journal":{"name":"Gradient Index Optical Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130110356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Self-Aligned Optical Fiber Put-in Micro-Connectors 自对准光纤插入式微连接器
Gradient Index Optical Systems Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/giois.1994.gwc2
K. Iga, T. Baba
{"title":"Self-Aligned Optical Fiber Put-in Micro-Connectors","authors":"K. Iga, T. Baba","doi":"10.1364/giois.1994.gwc2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/giois.1994.gwc2","url":null,"abstract":"In future optical fiber communication systems including large scale networks like a broad band ISDN, a large amount of joint connections at fibers and optical components should be employed. Moreover, a parallel lightwave system may be viable in optical interconnects for computers. Thus, the most important issue is the light coupling between semiconductor lasers or photonic devices and optical fibers. However, the alignment of optical components is left being complicated and needs very precise alignment, although several authors have reported integrated couplers [1][2]. In order to solve this problem, a planar microlens array was invented [3][4], and we have demonstrated a novel \"put-in micro-connector\" as shown in Fig. 1 [5] [6] . In this paper, we review its concept and some experimental demonstrations. We are able to couple single mode fibers and devices with no precise adjustment. We use a GRIN planar microlens array and self-aligned positioning of optical fibers. Its advantages and related technologies will be presented. Also, related activities in other groups will be reviewed.","PeriodicalId":203841,"journal":{"name":"Gradient Index Optical Systems","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122067221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Further Consideration of Parallel Image Recognition System Using Planar GRIN Microlens Array 平面GRIN微透镜阵列并行图像识别系统的进一步思考
Gradient Index Optical Systems Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/giois.1994.gwc5
K. Nakagawa, H. Okano, T. Katayama, K. Iga
{"title":"Further Consideration of Parallel Image Recognition System Using Planar GRIN Microlens Array","authors":"K. Nakagawa, H. Okano, T. Katayama, K. Iga","doi":"10.1364/giois.1994.gwc5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/giois.1994.gwc5","url":null,"abstract":"Optical parallel processing[1] is expected to be one of the powerful methods for dealing with a large amount of image information because of its very high processing speed and parallelism. To optically handle image information processing, image multiplexing is an indispensable technique. We proposed an image recognition system using planar GRIN microlenses[2] (PML) which utilizes the high density image multiplexing ability of PMLs.","PeriodicalId":203841,"journal":{"name":"Gradient Index Optical Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129025931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ion Exchanged Waveguides: Round-Robin Measurements of Propagation Characteristics 离子交换波导:传播特性的循环测量
Gradient Index Optical Systems Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/giois.1994.gtuc2
S. Pelli, G. Righini, A. Scaglione, R. Rimet, I. Schanen, A. Bräuer, P. Dannberg, G. Yip, Peter Noutsious, J. Liñares, Carlos Gomez Reino, G. Mazzi, Francesco Gonelia
{"title":"Ion Exchanged Waveguides: Round-Robin Measurements of Propagation Characteristics","authors":"S. Pelli, G. Righini, A. Scaglione, R. Rimet, I. Schanen, A. Bräuer, P. Dannberg, G. Yip, Peter Noutsious, J. Liñares, Carlos Gomez Reino, G. Mazzi, Francesco Gonelia","doi":"10.1364/giois.1994.gtuc2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/giois.1994.gtuc2","url":null,"abstract":"The accurate determination of the optical characteristics of waveguides is a crucial parameter in the development of integrated optical devices. In this paper we have focused our attention on the problem of the accuracy of the measurement of the propagation constants of the modes and of the optical losses of a waveguide.","PeriodicalId":203841,"journal":{"name":"Gradient Index Optical Systems","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131719532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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