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Practical Metallography最新文献

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Microstructural characterization of 15Cr steel after quenching and slow cooling rates 淬火和慢速冷却后 15Cr 钢的微观结构特征
Practical Metallography Pub Date : 2024-01-25 DOI: 10.1515/pm-2023-1063
M. R. Ahmadi, F. Meixner, M. Dománková, M. Raus, B. Sonderegger, C. Sommitsch
{"title":"Microstructural characterization of 15Cr steel after quenching and slow cooling rates","authors":"M. R. Ahmadi, F. Meixner, M. Dománková, M. Raus, B. Sonderegger, C. Sommitsch","doi":"10.1515/pm-2023-1063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pm-2023-1063","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Ferritic 15 %-Cr steels have better oxidation resistance, due to their higher chromium content, and creep strength, their lower dislocation density and lack of lath microstructure than conventional martensitic steels such as MarBN. Their mechanical properties are sensitive to chemical composition and heat treatment. In this study, we first simulated the formation of stable phases in two ferritic steels containing 2 % nickel (wt.%) and an alloy without nickel using the thermomechanical software MATCALC. Microstructural analysis using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) reveals the formation of carbides and intermetallic phases after diffusion annealing, both during rapid cooling in oil and slow cooling in the furnace. Dilatometry and XRD studies confirm the gradual phase transformation of ferrite to austenite from 650 °C onwards during heating. Dilatometry also shows that ferritic steels have a lower coefficient of thermal expansion than martensitic steels, austenitic steels, and superalloys, which results in lower thermal stresses during frequent start-up and shutdown of power plants.","PeriodicalId":20360,"journal":{"name":"Practical Metallography","volume":"3 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139596453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Meeting Diary 会议日记
Practical Metallography Pub Date : 2024-01-25 DOI: 10.1515/pm-2024-00156
{"title":"Meeting Diary","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/pm-2024-00156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pm-2024-00156","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20360,"journal":{"name":"Practical Metallography","volume":"25 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139596160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The contribution of ceramography to the development of ceramic spark plug electrode materials for large gas engines 陶瓷成像技术对大型燃气发动机陶瓷火花塞电极材料开发的贡献
Practical Metallography Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.1515/pm-2024-0002
M. Gruber, V. Melcher, W. Harrer, A. Tilz, M. Engelmayer, W. Fimml, A. Wimmer, R. Bermejo
{"title":"The contribution of ceramography to the development of ceramic spark plug electrode materials for large gas engines","authors":"M. Gruber, V. Melcher, W. Harrer, A. Tilz, M. Engelmayer, W. Fimml, A. Wimmer, R. Bermejo","doi":"10.1515/pm-2024-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pm-2024-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Large gas engines play a key role in energy supply and transport. Due to emission regulations and high fuel prices, engines achieving both high efficiency and low emissions are required. Development efforts to that effect have resulted in combustion methods relying on lean air-fuel mixtures as well as high ignition pressures. The conditions in the combustion chamber cause high wear on the spark plug electrodes. Conventional electrodes have a limited lifetime and they are expensive due to the use of precious metal alloys. Compared with conventional materials, alternative ceramic electrode materials offer advantages in terms of high thermal stability, high oxidation and corrosion resistance, as well as lower material prices. Disadvantages include insufficient electrical conductivity, brittleness and the difficulty of joining them with metallic materials. In this paper wear and oxidation behavior of selected materials are evaluated, using ceramographic methods. Microsections of the joining zone are used to analyse the change in the microstructure resulting from the bonding process. The results show the strengths, weaknesses and limitations of the selected ceramics as electrode materials, based on ceramographic methods, which helped essentially to understand the oxidation behavior, the bonding process and wear.","PeriodicalId":20360,"journal":{"name":"Practical Metallography","volume":" 8","pages":"4 - 15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138994742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Metallographic preparation, contrasting, and examination of layers of scale on hot-rolled low-alloy steels 热轧低合金钢的金相制备、对比和鳞片层检查
Practical Metallography Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.1515/pm-2024-0003
R. Mathe, D. Mirković
{"title":"Metallographic preparation, contrasting, and examination of layers of scale on hot-rolled low-alloy steels","authors":"R. Mathe, D. Mirković","doi":"10.1515/pm-2024-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pm-2024-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A clear characterization of layers of scale on hot-rolled steels does not only require a careful preparation of the samples but also a delineation of the individual scale phases. In this work, it could be shown that etching using dilute hydrochloric acid improved the distinction of the individual oxide phases during the light microscope examination of layers of scale. Furthermore, metallurgical analyses provide valuable information on the quantitative composition as well as on the qualitative element distribution in the layer of scale thus also facilitating the distinction of the scale phases.","PeriodicalId":20360,"journal":{"name":"Practical Metallography","volume":"58 ","pages":"16 - 27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139176190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Impact of process parameters on transitions in the microstructural characteristics and mechanical attributes of Ti–6Al–4V alloy joints during FSW 工艺参数对 FSW 过程中 Ti-6Al-4V 合金接头微观结构特征和机械属性转变的影响
Practical Metallography Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.1515/pm-2023-1039
D. Srinivasan, P. Sevvel, J. .. Gunasekaran
{"title":"Impact of process parameters on transitions in the microstructural characteristics and mechanical attributes of Ti–6Al–4V alloy joints during FSW","authors":"D. Srinivasan, P. Sevvel, J. .. Gunasekaran","doi":"10.1515/pm-2023-1039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pm-2023-1039","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Transformations in microstructural characteristics and mechanical attributes of friction stir welded 3 mm thick Ti–6Al–4V alloy plates was investigated by employing distinctive tool rotational and traverse speeds. Impact of these parameters on microstructural transitions, generation of flaws, hardness, and tensile properties of the joints were analyzed. Increase in rotational speed from 1200 rpm to 1600 rpm have contributed for escalation in temperature, even above the β transus temperature. Large sized lamellar alpha grains was found to be transformed into finely refined lamellar alpha + altered beta grains in uppermost portion of nugget zone of joints fabricated at 1600 rpm and 50 mm/min combinations. This transformation have occurred due to the impact of the thermal cycles and stirring mechanism. These joints were found to be free from flaws including volumetric related defects, kissing bond, tunnel flaws. Majority of the fabricated joints possessed lowest value of mechanical properties in their heat affected zone and exhibited fracture in this zone. Properties of Ti–6Al–4V alloy joints were evaluated with respect to pseudo index of heat and it was observed that rotational speed of the tool is a dominant parameter in impacting both the mechanical attributes and microstructural transformations of the joints.","PeriodicalId":20360,"journal":{"name":"Practical Metallography","volume":" 13","pages":"28 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138963606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tip Rubbing as a Rare Metallurgical Root Cause of Gas Turbine Compressor Blade Failure 叶尖摩擦是导致燃气轮机压缩机叶片故障的罕见冶金根源
Practical Metallography Pub Date : 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.1515/pm-2023-0069
A. Neidel, T. Gädicke, J. Rockel
{"title":"Tip Rubbing as a Rare Metallurgical Root Cause of Gas Turbine Compressor Blade Failure","authors":"A. Neidel, T. Gädicke, J. Rockel","doi":"10.1515/pm-2023-0069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pm-2023-0069","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A heavy-duty gas turbine engine at the heart of a seawater desalination plant on the Arabian Peninsula exhibited multiple impact damages on their compressor airfoils that were detected during an inspection. Many blades showed heavily damaged airfoils and some even lost fractured-off parts. One moving blade in row 8 lost 50 % of its airfoil. Most compressor blade tips from stages 4 to 15 were damaged and bent. It was reported from the site that turning gear operation had been omitted once after engine shut-down in the recent past, i. e., the still hot rotor had not been turned until cool-down, resulting in rotor bend. This is believed to have caused the tip rubbing and airfoil break-off during the next engine start.","PeriodicalId":20360,"journal":{"name":"Practical Metallography","volume":"115 7","pages":"838 - 847"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139238933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gruson’s chilled cast iron – a legendary wonder material of the 19th century 格鲁森冷铸铁--19 世纪的传奇神奇材料
Practical Metallography Pub Date : 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.1515/pm-2023-1046
S. Dieck, O. Michael, M. Wilke, T. Halle
{"title":"Gruson’s chilled cast iron – a legendary wonder material of the 19th century","authors":"S. Dieck, O. Michael, M. Wilke, T. Halle","doi":"10.1515/pm-2023-1046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pm-2023-1046","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the second half of the 19th century, a wonder material reached worldwide fame. The chilled cast iron developed by Magdeburgbased industrialist and inventor Hermann Gruson was characterized by its extraordinary wear resistance which was far superior to that of the traditional wrought steels. Chilled cast iron was in demand all over the globe as a protective material, for example. Many stories surround Gruson’s long forgotten chilled cast iron and for the first time, this material has now been examined for its mechanical and microstructural properties using modern analytical methods. The microstructure property correlations determined during the study provide interesting insights both into the material and its inventor, who was one of the most innovative engineers of his time.","PeriodicalId":20360,"journal":{"name":"Practical Metallography","volume":"161 6","pages":"796 - 819"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139240772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Inhalt 目录
Practical Metallography Pub Date : 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.1515/pm-2023-frontmatter12
{"title":"Inhalt","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/pm-2023-frontmatter12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pm-2023-frontmatter12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20360,"journal":{"name":"Practical Metallography","volume":"71 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139241695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Automated quantitative microstructural analysis using the open-source server-client platform OMERO 使用开源服务器-客户端平台 OMERO 进行自动定量微观结构分析
Practical Metallography Pub Date : 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.1515/pm-2023-0068
V. Friedmann, M. Bellmer, R. Antons, H. Hafok
{"title":"Automated quantitative microstructural analysis using the open-source server-client platform OMERO","authors":"V. Friedmann, M. Bellmer, R. Antons, H. Hafok","doi":"10.1515/pm-2023-0068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pm-2023-0068","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract OpenMicroscopyEnvironment Remote Objects (OMERO) is an open-source client-server system for archiving, visualizing and analyzing image data and associated meta-data in a repository and making the data usable in a database [1]. For this paper, OMERO has been studied as an image data repository and was selected as a central data space for metallography. Based on use cases examples from the Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials (IWM), various possibilities of automated microstructural analysis using OMERO will be presented and discussed.","PeriodicalId":20360,"journal":{"name":"Practical Metallography","volume":"96 7","pages":"820 - 837"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139238884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“Corrosion” on multi-layer composite pipes – the case of damage 多层复合管道的“腐蚀”——损坏情况
Practical Metallography Pub Date : 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.1515/pm-2023-0063
Gunther Pajonk
{"title":"“Corrosion” on multi-layer composite pipes – the case of damage","authors":"Gunther Pajonk","doi":"10.1515/pm-2023-0063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pm-2023-0063","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20360,"journal":{"name":"Practical Metallography","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134907098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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