Polimery w medycynie最新文献

{"title":"Modifications of bacterial cellulose in wound care.","authors":"Justyna Paleczny,&nbsp;Malwina Brożyna,&nbsp;Adam Junka,&nbsp;Marzenna Bartoszewicz,&nbsp;Ruth Dudek-Wicher","doi":"10.17219/pim/143330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/pim/143330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wound infection may occur in acute and chronic wounds, wounds resulting from surgery or traffic accidents, and burns. Regardless of the extent and cause of the wound, prompt treatment is essential in reducing the patient's pain and limiting the spread of contamination. Improper wound care and associated chronic diseases may hinder the therapeutic success. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is highly biocompatible and has no cytotoxic effect on cells engaged in wound healing, such as fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Its high hydration level guarantees the maintenance of a moist wound environment. High mechanical strength, flexibility and resistance to damage make BC a promising material for dressings. Unfortunately, it does not display an inhibitory effect on bacterial growth. Introducing antimicrobial agents into the structure of BC has been a subject of many studies. This paper aims to present the latest reports on the possibility of the absorption of bacteriostatic and bactericidal agents in BC, such as metal particles, essential oils, antibiotics, antiseptics, and wound irrigation solutions. Moreover, the modifications in BC culture and post-production treatments in order to improve its physical properties are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":20355,"journal":{"name":"Polimery w medycynie","volume":"51 2","pages":"77-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39614354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial activity of different plants extracts against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.","authors":"Mohd Imran,&nbsp;Aiysha Siddiq Khan,&nbsp;Mohammad Ali Khan,&nbsp;Mohammad Umar Saeed,&nbsp;Naima Noor,&nbsp;Musarrat Husain Warsi,&nbsp;Abdul Qadir","doi":"10.17219/pim/143424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/pim/143424","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Microbial pathogens, mainly bacteria, are a major cause of food spoilage resulting in several foodborne diseases. Food spoilage can be prevented by the application of chemical preservatives in the food industry but such process has harmful effects on human health and causes the introduction of chemicals in several food chains, leading to toxicity and long-term complications. Due to such adverse effects, the need to find natural preservatives that are safer to use, effective and less complicated is increasing.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study is based on plant extracts that play a major role in microbicidal action (the use of natural preservatives is preferred over chemical ones). Antimicrobial action of different plant extracts was assessed using Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli as experimental bacterial strains.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Ethanolic extracts of different plants like Punica granatum, Acacia catechu and Phyllanthus emblica were highly effective against the both analyzed bacterial strains at a dosage of 10 mg/mL, while the extracts of Ocimum bacilicum and Quercus infectoria were effective only against S. aureus and E. coli, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Punica granatum and Phyllanthus emblica extracts were found to be the most effective and exhibited bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities against the highly infectious strains of pathogenic bacteria causing food spoilage, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2.5 mg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 5 mg/mL.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The plant extracts used in the study were highly effective in reducing bacterial contamination and can be used as an alternative to chemical preservatives to avoid and control foodborne diseases and for preservation of food with no health-related hazards caused by chemicals.</p>","PeriodicalId":20355,"journal":{"name":"Polimery w medycynie","volume":"51 2","pages":"69-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39627993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicochemical, structural characterization and pasting properties of pre-gelatinized Neorautanenia mitis starch.","authors":"Olubunmi Olayemi,&nbsp;Oladapo Adetunji,&nbsp;Christianah Isimi","doi":"10.17219/pim/138964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/pim/138964","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pre-gelatinization is one of the most common physical methods of starch modification, which involves heating to bring about significant changes in the nature of starch, such as high swelling, loss of crystallinity, solubility in cold water, and improved pasting.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the structural and physicochemical properties of starch from Neorautanenia mitis tubers, and determine the effect of pre-gelatinization on the functional properties of this starch.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Properties of the pre-gelatinized starch (NMPS), such as flow, swelling power, hydration capacity, pH, morphology, Fourier-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry, and pasting characteristics, were compared with those of the native starch (NMNS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pre-gelatinized starch had good flow with the angle of repose at 33.69°. Carr's index was 10.90% and 7.50%, and the Hausner ratio was 1.12 and 1.05 for NMNS and NMPS, respectively. Both starches had neutral to near-neutral pH (7.00 and 6.04, respectively). The hydration capacity of NMPS (59.00%) was about 2 times higher than that of NMNS (25.80%), while the swelling power of NMPS between 40°C and 60°C was higher than that of NMNS, and maximum swelling for both starches was observed at 80°C. Morphology showed that NMNS granules were discrete, smooth and spherical, while those of NMPS were aggregated, with rough surfaces. The FTIR spectra of both starches showed identical absorption peaks but the enthalpy of gelatinization differed for both starches. The pasting properties also varied significantly among the starch samples. Native starch had better peak viscosity, breakdown viscosity and pasting temperature, while NMPS presented better trough viscosity, final viscosity, setback viscosity, and pasting time.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results showed that pre-gelatinized starch from N. mitis tubers possesses high swelling and hydration abilities and significant pasting properties, and may be used as a disintegrant in solid dosage formulations and in products requiring low viscosities and bond strength.</p>","PeriodicalId":20355,"journal":{"name":"Polimery w medycynie","volume":"51 1","pages":"7-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39046706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of non-ionic, ionic and lipophilic polymers on the pH and conductivity of model ointments, creams and gels.","authors":"Agnieszka Krause,&nbsp;Katarzyna Kucharska,&nbsp;Witold Musiał","doi":"10.17219/pim/139613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/pim/139613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The pH of the skin surface is usually between 5.4 and 5.9 and functions as a barrier against bacteria and fungi; thus, the composition of the topically applied drug form may be of high importance for proper medication.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the influence of the measurement conditions in aqueous solutions of ointments, creams, and gels, which include polymeric components, on the pH and conductivity results.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The pH and electrolytic conductivity of aqueous dispersions of commercially available ointments, creams and gels were tested and compared to reference vehicles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of the dilution method measurements of the pH and electrolytic conductivity of the ointment preparations are highly diverse, ranging from 5.88 to 6.27, whereas the reference pH for Unguentum simplex was between 5.40 and 5.43. Furthermore, the measurements of the pH and electrolytic conductivity with the dilution method for creams did not provide repeatable results with a small sample size, and the pH of commercial preparations was in the range between 5.79 and 6.37, compared to the reference pH of 5.23-5.46. However, the dilution method for measurements of the pH and electrolytic conductivity was suitable for hydrogel preparations and the obtained results were repeatable in the range of 6.11-6.90, while the reference preparations were in the range of 5.19-5.62.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Evaluation methods of the electrolytic conductivity and pH of the preparations applied on the skin should be further evaluated; however, the pH of the commercial preparation seems to differ from the physiological skin pH, which covers the range of reference preparations.</p>","PeriodicalId":20355,"journal":{"name":"Polimery w medycynie","volume":"51 1","pages":"25-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39403392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetics of neomycin release from polylactide spheres and its antimicrobial activity.","authors":"Agnieszka Gadomska-Gajadhur,&nbsp;Paweł Ruśkowski,&nbsp;Aleksandra Kruk,&nbsp;Jolanta Mierzejewska","doi":"10.17219/pim/139586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/pim/139586","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neomycin is a natural aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by actinomycete Streptomyces fradiae. It exerts bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity against Gram-negative bacteria, certain Gram-positive bacteria and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Neomycin inhibits the biosynthesis of bacterial proteins by impairing their life functions, leading to death of cells.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To examine the effect of molecular weight of polylactide (PLA), the applied stabilizer as well as mixing speed used in the encapsulation process on the size of obtained spheres. Examination of the kinetics of neomycin release from the obtained PLA spheres and determination of the antimicrobial activity of the neomycin-containing spheres against selected strains of bacteria, yeast and fungi have also been necessary.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Polylactide (Mn 3000-40,000 g/mol) was obtained in-house. Other materials used in the study were as follows: L-lactic acid (PLLA; Mn 66,500 g/mol and 86,000 g/mol), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a stabilizer of emulsion (Mw 30,000 g/mol, 130,000 g/mol; degree of hydrolysis 88%) as well as dichloromethane, p.a. and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), p.a. as solvents. Distilled water was obtained in-house. Neomycin sulfate was used for encapsulation; phosphate (pH 7.2) and acetate (pH 4.5) buffers were used for the examination of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) dissolution profile. Antimicrobial activity was tested using commercial cell lines and the following media: Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA), Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB), yeast extract peptone dextrose (YPD), and potato dextrose agar (PDA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Neomycin-containing PLA spheres were obtained using an emulsion method. The average molecular weight of PLA, the average molecular weight of PVA and mixing speed on the size of obtained spheres were investigated. Furthermore, the profile of API dissolution from the spheres and antimicrobial activity of neomycin-containing spheres against certain strains of bacteria, yeast and fungi were determined.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We demonstrated that efficient encapsulation of neomycin requires spheres of a <200 mm diameter.</p>","PeriodicalId":20355,"journal":{"name":"Polimery w medycynie","volume":"51 1","pages":"17-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39258298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brief review on poly(glycerol sebacate) as an emerging polyester in biomedical application: Structure, properties and modifications.","authors":"Paweł Piszko,&nbsp;Bartłomiej Kryszak,&nbsp;Aleksandra Piszko,&nbsp;Konrad Szustakiewicz","doi":"10.17219/pim/139585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/pim/139585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) is an aliphatic polyester which attracted significant scientific attention in recent years due to its vast potential in biomedical applications with regard to tissue engineering. It has been presented in the literature in the form of 2D films, porous scaffolds or nonwovens, to name just a few. Moreover, various applications have been proposed as a component of composite materials or polymer blends. Its physicochemical properties can be significantly adjusted by means of synthesis and post-synthetic modifications, including cross-linking or chemical modification, such as copolymerization. Many scientists have discussed PGS as a new-generation polymer for biomedical applications. Its regenerative potential has been confirmed, in particular, in tissue engineering of soft tissues (including nerve, cartilage and cardiac tissues). Therefore, we must anticipate a growing importance of PGS in contemporary biomedical applications. This brief review aims to familiarize the readers with this relatively new polymeric material for tissue engineering applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":20355,"journal":{"name":"Polimery w medycynie","volume":"51 1","pages":"43-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39258296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural polymers in photodynamic therapy and diagnosis.","authors":"Julita Kulbacka,&nbsp;Anna Choromańska,&nbsp;Zofia Łapińska,&nbsp;Jolanta Saczko","doi":"10.17219/pim/139587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/pim/139587","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Natural polymers have been commonly applied in medicine and pharmacy. Their primary function is to enhance drug delivery, tissue regeneration or wound healing, and diagnostics. Natural polymers appear promising for photodynamic protocols, including photodiagnosis (PDD) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Currently, the most challenging issue with natural polymers is to appropriately select the most effective material regarding the type of cancer treated. The technological achievements enable functionalization of natural polymers by specific antibodies, or enhancement using fluorescent or quantum dot markers for diagnostic applications. This review will discuss the types and properties of natural polymers and available applications of PDD and PDT which seem to be promising in cancer treatment. Treatment of neoplastic diseases is still a challenge for both physicians and scientists, so the search for alternative methods of treatment and diagnosis based on natural materials is relevant.</p>","PeriodicalId":20355,"journal":{"name":"Polimery w medycynie","volume":"51 1","pages":"33-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39258299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and evaluation of the antimicrobial properties of ackee seed extract silver nanoparticle film formulations.","authors":"Michael A Odeniyi,&nbsp;Emmanuel Olusomoka,&nbsp;Olubusola A Odeniyi,&nbsp;Bukola C Adebayo-Tayo","doi":"10.17219/pim/130388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/pim/130388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Plant-extract-reduced metal nanoparticles provide means of overcoming microbial resistance. Incorporating them into appropriate pharmaceutical formulations will enhance their portability and ease of administration.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To synthesize silver nanoparticles using methanol extracts of the seeds of Blighia sapida as capping agents and formulating the products in antimicrobial films.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Phytochemical screening of the methanol extract of Blighia sapida K.D. Koenig (ackee) seeds was performed and its antioxidant properties were determined using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assay. The green synthesis of ackee seed extract silver nanoparticles (ASAgNPs) was accomplished with reacting 1 mM of aqueous silver nitrate (AgNO3) and the methanol extract in a flask; the bioreduction was performed at 37°C for 72 h. The resulting nanoparticles were lyophilized and characterized using UV-visible spectrophotometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and photomicrography. The nanoparticles were further formulated into films using starch and carboxymethyl cellulose using the solvent evaporation method. The extract, biosynthesized nanoparticles and film formulations were screened for antimicrobial activity against several pathogens using the agar well diffusion method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The methanol seed extracts of the ackee fruit contained saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, and anthraquinones. The extract exhibited significant antioxidant properties. The nanoparticles and film formulations had a broader range of activity against microbes than the plant extract, exhibiting significant activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 700728, Salmonella typhi ATCC 14028, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. Activity was also observed with Candida krusei, C. albicans, and Penicillium sp. It is noteworthy that this last organism showed resistance to fluconazole.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Ackee seed extract silver nanoparticles exhibited a synergistic antimicrobial activity against several pathogens. Film formulations of the nanoparticles retained this antimicrobial activity and allowed the product to be presented in a consumer-ready form.</p>","PeriodicalId":20355,"journal":{"name":"Polimery w medycynie","volume":"50 2","pages":"65-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25518453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biopolymer-based scaffolds for corneal stromal regeneration: A review.","authors":"Hamed Nosrati,&nbsp;Korosh Ashrafi-Dehkordi,&nbsp;Zohreh Alizadeh,&nbsp;Samira Sanami,&nbsp;Mehdi Banitalebi-Dehkordi","doi":"10.17219/pim/127653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/pim/127653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The stroma is one of the 5 layers of the cornea that comprises more than 90% of the corneal thickness, and is the most important layer for the transparency of cornea and refractive function critical for vision. Any significant damage to this layer may lead to corneal blindness. Corneal blindness refers to loss of vision or blindness caused by corneal diseases or damage, which is the 4th most common cause of blindness worldwide. Different approaches are used to treat these patients. Severe corneal damage is traditionally treated by transplantation of a donor cornea or implantation of an artificial cornea. Other alternative approaches, such as cell/stem cell therapy, drug/gene delivery and tissue engineering, are currently promising in the regeneration of damaged cornea. The aim of tissue engineering is to functionally repair and regenerate damaged cornea using scaffolds with or without cells and growth factors. Among the different types of scaffolds, polymer-based scaffolds have shown great potential for corneal stromal regeneration. In this paper, the most recent findings of corneal stromal tissue engineering are reviewed.</p>","PeriodicalId":20355,"journal":{"name":"Polimery w medycynie","volume":"50 2","pages":"57-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38594904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Focus on COVID-19: Antiviral polymers in drugs and vaccines.","authors":"Jakub Stojanowski,&nbsp;Tomasz Gołębiowski","doi":"10.17219/pim/131644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/pim/131644","url":null,"abstract":"Pathogenic viral factors pose a serious epidemiological threat and challenge to the world population, as proven by the scale and rapidity of COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Polymer macromolecules can be an alternative to the accepted forms of treatment. Polymeric substances can be used as drugs or as adjuvants in vaccines. The most important feature of polymers is their advanced structure and the ability to construct the molecule from scratch, giving it the desired properties. Antiviral properties are influenced by, among other things, electrical charge, form and structure, and composition with other polymers or heavy metals. Depending on the expected properties, molecules can be built from scratch to be capable of transporting drugs or improve the effectiveness of the right drug. They can also be antiviral drugs in themselves. Polymeric compounds allow to reduce the frequency of adverse effects and improve the effect of the drug. They can have a direct antiviral effect by upsetting the lipid membrane of the surrounding viruses. Antiviral action of polymers occurs because of the properties of the polymers alone or in combination with other molecules. Viral epidemics are a motivation for research that can help stop a global pandemic in the future.","PeriodicalId":20355,"journal":{"name":"Polimery w medycynie","volume":"50 2","pages":"75-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38849406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}