Polimery w medycynie最新文献

{"title":"Photodynamic therapy: Basics and new directions for clinical applications.","authors":"Aneta Popiel-Kopaczyk, Tomasz Stanisław Kręcicki, Roksana Kozieł","doi":"10.17219/pim/208132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/pim/208132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photodynamic therapy (PDT) remains a developing modality in cancer treatment. It is a minimally invasive approach that employs a photosensitizing drug, activated by light, to induce localized cytotoxic effects. Initially introduced in oncology, PDT has proven effective for cancers such as skin malignancies and head and neck tumors, while sparing surrounding healthy tissue. Beyond oncology, its use has expanded to dermatology, ophthalmology and dentistry, and it shows promise in the management of chronic inflammatory conditions, pediatric nephrology and emerging applications in cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Despite persistent challenges such as limited light penetration, advances in photosensitizers and integration with technologies including immunotherapy and polymeric nanocarriers underscore PDT's potential as a versatile tool in precision medicine. Recent studies suggest that PDT can also modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME) and stimulate anti-tumor immune responses, thereby enhancing its therapeutic impact. Consequently, it is increasingly being investigated in combination with other treatment modalities to overcome resistance and improve patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20355,"journal":{"name":"Polimery w medycynie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145244875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Propolis-infused heat-polymerized acrylic denture bases: Enhanced mechanical properties in vitro study.","authors":"Rasha Mehdi, Intisar J Ismail, Nabaa Al-Nawab, Ban M Jassim","doi":"10.17219/pim/204545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/pim/204545","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is widely used as a denture base material despite its limitations, which include low transverse strength, impact resistance, surface hardness, and relatively high-water solubility and sorption. To enhance its mechanical and physical properties, PMMA has been modified by incorporating various metal powder fillers, such as aluminum and copper - despite their tendency to cause discoloration. These modifications aim to improve the overall quality and durability of dental prostheses.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the influence of incorporating microform propolis powder (known for its antifungal and antimicrobial properties and its rich composition of functional groups) into acrylic denture base material, and to assess its effect on selected physical and mechanical properties of the material.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A total of 128 specimens were prepared to evaluate various mechanical properties. Four groups were tested: 1 control group containing acrylic resin without propolis, and 3 experimental groups with propolis powder added at concentrations of 1.0%, 2.0% and 3.0% by weight. Each group consisted of 8 specimens for each mechanical test. All specimens were cured using the conventional heat-curing method. The mechanical properties evaluated included transverse strength, impact strength, surface hardness, and surface roughness. The data were statistically analyzed using the IBM SPSS software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The group with 1.0% propolis addition showed the highest mean values in all tested mechanical properties: transverse strength (90.50 N/mm²), impact strength (10.45 kJ/m²) and surface hardness (84.39). These values were significantly higher than those of the control group, with statistical analysis revealing highly significant differences between groups (p < 0.05) using ANOVA. Regarding surface roughness, the 1.0% propolis group also recorded the lowest mean value (1.03 μm), compared to the control group (2.14 μm), with all experimental groups showing significantly reduced roughness.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The incorporation of 1.0% microform propolis powder into PMMA denture base material significantly improved its mechanical and surface properties. These promising results suggest that further studies are warranted - either to explore additional properties or to test different propolis concentrations, potentially combined with coupling agents such as silane to enhance bonding and performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":20355,"journal":{"name":"Polimery w medycynie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physico-chemical properties and composition govern adhesion of resin-based dental fissure sealants: A preliminary in vitro study.","authors":"Aleksandra Piszko, Justyna Marcula, Paweł J Piszko, Anna Nikodem, Maria Krystyna Szymonowicz, Maciej Dobrzyński","doi":"10.17219/pim/210966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/pim/210966","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dental sealants are used to caulk fissures and pits in order to prevent caries development both in deciduous and permanent dentition. Loss of sealant integrity leads to the formation of marginal gaps, consequently increasing the risk of caries.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to compare the physicochemical and clinically relevant properties of 3 commercially available resin-based pit and fissure sealants: Arkona Fissure Sealant (AFS; Arkona, Nasutów, Poland), Flow-Color (FC; Arkona, Nasutów, Poland) and Flow-It ALC (FIA; Pentron, Orange, USA).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>After polymerization in dedicated molds, the materials were characterized using attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), surface free energy (SFE) measurements and micromechanical testing to evaluate structural and mechanical properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was employed to visualize sample morphology and determine elemental composition. An in vitro fluoride release study was conducted in artificial saliva at varying pH values (4.5, 5.5, 7.0, 7.5), with deionized water as a reference. Measurements were recorded at 1, 3, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, and then weekly for up to 7 weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AFS exhibited the highest values of SFE (38.4 mJ/m2), Vickers hardness (51.93 HV) and indentation modulus (11.93 kN/mm2). All sealants demonstrated cumulative fluoride release over the incubation period, with the highest release observed for AFS in artificial saliva at pH = 7.5 (0.772 ppm). FTIR spectra of all materials confirmed the presence of polymer backbones as declared by the manufacturers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Presented findings provide insight into material-dependent properties influencing adhesion, mechanical performance and ion release of resin-based dental sealants. Among the tested materials, AFS exhibited the most favorable overall profile, combining high filler content, optimized particle architecture, superior mechanical strength, elevated surface energy, and sustained fluoride release, which together support robust adhesion, resistance to occlusal forces and effective caries prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":20355,"journal":{"name":"Polimery w medycynie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145150587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications of biomaterials in reconstructive gynecology.","authors":"Radosław Blok, Grzegorz Myszczyszyn, Artur Wiatrowski, Marek Tomiałowicz, Maria Pomorska, Jerzy Florjanski","doi":"10.17219/pim/203964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/pim/203964","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review comprehensively describes the applications of biomaterials in gynecology, focusing on their role in treating gynecological disorders, reconstructive procedures and minimally invasive surgeries. It highlights the latest advancements, such as biocompatibility, innovative implants and biodegradable materials. This article also provides information about biomaterials used for vaginal and pelvic wall reconstruction in pelvic organ prolapse patients, as well as its use in minimally invasive surgical procedures and infertility treatment (including assisted reproductive technologies (ART)). The application of biomaterials in gynecological oncology is also discussed, as biomaterials - particularly those incorporating nanotechnology - enable selective drug delivery and targeted cancer therapy. We highlight the current clinical challenges and unmet needs while offering a forward-looking perspective on the potential of biomaterials in advancing regenerative medicine, personalized treatments and improving outcomes for women's health. We aim to provide some directions for future research and the development of novel biomaterials that can improve gynecological care.</p>","PeriodicalId":20355,"journal":{"name":"Polimery w medycynie","volume":"55 1","pages":"59-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144542017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Native and pregelatinized starches of bitter yam as film formers for oral dissolving formulations].","authors":"Tioluwani Ibukun Adegbolagun, Olubusola Ayoola Odeniyi, Michael Ayodele Odeniyi","doi":"10.17219/pim/202946","DOIUrl":"10.17219/pim/202946","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oral dissolving films are portable dosage forms that consist of active pharmaceutical ingredients incorporated into film-forming polymers such as starch. Starches obtain optimum filmogenic properties by gelatinization and blending with other polymers. The high starch content of bitter yam (Dioscorea dumetorum Pax) gives it yet unexplored potential for orodispersible films.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effect of pregelatinization on the physicochemical properties of bitter yam starch. Additionally, our objective was to evaluate the potential of both native starch (NS) and pregelatinized starch (PS), incorporated into polymer blends, as biopolymeric materials for use in orally dissolving films (ODFs).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Native and pregelatinized wild Dioscorea dumetorum Pax (bitter yam) starch were prepared and characterized using physicochemical, microscopic and rheological methods, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Oral dissolving films with varying hydroxylpropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC)-to-starch ratios (1:1, 1:2 and 2:1) were formulated and evaluated based on organoleptic properties, surface morphology, folding endurance, weight and thickness, pH, and disintegration time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pregelatinization improved the swelling, solubility and hydration capacity of the starch. Although no changes were observed in the crystalline nature upon gelatinization, DSC analysis revealed remarkable changes in the thermal behavior of the NS after pregelatinization. Both NS and PS did not produce continuous films without HPMC. Flexibility of the starch increased with increasing HPMC concentration films, and PS-based films had higher folding endurance compared to NS films. Native starch-based films had smoother surfaces and higher thicknesses than PS films. All the starch films demonstrated disintegration times longer than 15 min, and slightly acidic pH values.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pregelatinization of bitter yam starch, followed by blending with HPMC at a 2:1 ratio, resulted in the most effective oral film formulation. Further studies focusing on optimizing disintegration rates and pH would help confirm the suitability of this starch for use in ODF formulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":20355,"journal":{"name":"Polimery w medycynie","volume":"55 1","pages":"7-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144542016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of hepatitis C virus on IFITM3 gene expression: A comprehensive analysis incorporating serological detection and viral load quantification via qPCR.","authors":"Tabarak S Jassim, Sura S Talib, Nawar R Jaber, Dina H Sahib, Rusul W Ali, Bahaa Al-Rubaii","doi":"10.17219/pim/199333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/pim/199333","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes long-term liver disease. Its capacity to influence the host immune system makes its pathogenesis more complicated. Targeting the IFITM3 gene presents a promising therapeutic strategy for treating HCV infections, as it blocks the virus from entering host cells.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study examines how HCV viral loads affect IFITM3 gene expression.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This study included 100 patient samples diagnosed with HCV through serological methods and confirmed as positive. Then, viral and human RNA were extracted using commercial kits. The viral RNA was then quantified using one-step real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), enabling an accurate assessment of viral load in the blood. Following this, human RNA was converted to cDNA and quantified using qPCR to investigate IFITM3 gene expression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The distribution of blood groups among HCV-positive and HCV-negative samples showed that samples with the Oblood group had a significantly higher frequency of HCV positivity (18.4%) compared to the HCV-negative group (2.0%). Age analysis indicated a significant difference between HCV-positive and HCV-negative individuals with mean age of 37.8 ±1.48 years and 44.1 ±1.56 years, respectively. The expression levels of the IFITM3 gene were significantly higher in the HCV-positive group (4.21 ±1.17 fold) compared to the HCV-negative group (1.36 ±0.157 fold), with a p-value of 0.016. A correlation analysis between IFITM3 gene expression levels and HCV viral loads showed r-value of 0.343, indicating a moderate positive correlation, with p-value of 0.016.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Strong correlations observed in this study show the need for a comprehensive understanding and management approach to HCV disease. These relationships should be studied longitudinally to verify causality and assess potential interventions. IFITM3 gene expression as a biomarker for HCV infection and disease progression warrants further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20355,"journal":{"name":"Polimery w medycynie","volume":"55 1","pages":"21-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144542018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of semisolid matrices on spreadability, rheology and celecoxib release rate.","authors":"Urszula Bąk-Kuchejda, Teresa Witczak, Mariusz Witczak, Anna Krupa","doi":"10.17219/pim/206077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/pim/206077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The results of numerous research studies published in recent years suggest that celecoxib (CEL) may be effective in the treatment of various skin disorders. However, to date, no semisolid product containing CEL has been launched.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>With a focus on the future development of topical products, we aimed to investigate the impact of different semisolid matrices on the in vitro performance of CEL.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>For this purpose, 1% (w/w) of the drug was suspended in 4 compounding vehicles available in Polish community pharmacies: Lekobaza (amphiphilic cream), Lekobaza Lux (hydrophobic cream), Celugel (hydrogel), and Oleogel (lipogel). Given their very different physicochemical properties, our goal was to analyze, for the first time, their influence on spreadability, viscoelastic properties and the release rate of CEL.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was found that all of the semisolid matrices were suitable as vehicles for the drug in terms of spreadability and rheological stability. The viscous properties predominated when Celugel was used as a vehicle, but when Lekobaza, Lekobaza Lux and Oleogel were tested, the elastic properties prevailed. The drug release rate was the highest when hydrophilic matrices, i.e., Celugel or Lekobaza were used, but when hydrophobic matrices such as Lekobaza Lux or Oleogel were examined, CEL was released slowly. These findings might be related not only to the properties of these matrices, but also to the design of the release study that was more suitable for evaluating the hydrophilic matrices.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Celugel could be particularly useful as a vehicle for CEL for the therapy of large lesions with heavy exudation, but if there is a risk of skin drying out after using the hydrogel, the use of Lekobaza can be recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":20355,"journal":{"name":"Polimery w medycynie","volume":"55 1","pages":"49-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144542020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyhydroxybutyrate nanoparticle improving the sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to ceftriaxone and reducing the biofilm formation in vitro.","authors":"Shams Ihssan Sadiq, Jenan Atiyah Ghafil","doi":"10.17219/pim/203765","DOIUrl":"10.17219/pim/203765","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Polyhydroxybutyrate nanoparticles (PHB-NPs) represent a promising strategy for addressing the growing threat of bacterial resistance to antibiotics - a major concern in global public health. Despite their potential, there is a noticeable gap in the current literature regarding their ability to enhance the efficacy of existing antibiotic therapies.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study investigates the synergistic effect of PHB-NPs in enhancing the antibacterial activity of ceftriaxone (CRO) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with a particular focus on mitigating key virulence factors such as biofilm formation and adhesion.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Polyhydroxybutyrate nanoparticles were synthesized using the pH gradient and sonication method. The antibacterial activity of PHB-NPs, CRO and the combined formulation (PHB-NP-CRO) was assessed using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing and the well diffusion method. Additionally, the effects of these formulations on P. aeruginosa biofilm formation on an abiotic surface (polystyrene) and bacterial adhesion to human oral mucosal epithelial cells (OMECs) were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The diameters of the prepared PHB-NPs ranged from 15 nm to 34 nm, with an average size of 28.2 ±6.3 nm. All P. aeruginosa isolates were capable of biofilm production. A negative correlation was observed between the diameter of the CRO inhibition zones and the extent of biofilm formation among the 20 isolates. The MICs for PHB, PHB-NPs, CRO, and the combined formulation (PHB-NP-CRO) were 2,000, 1,000, 250, and 62.5 μg/mL, respectively. Sub-MIC concentrations (as low as 1/32 MIC) of both CRO and PHB-NP-CRO exhibited significant inhibitory effects on biofilm formation and bacterial adhesion to human OMECs (p < 0.050).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The combination of PHB-NPs with CRO significantly enhances the antibacterial activity of CRO against P. aeruginosa. Moreover, sub-inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of both PHB-NP-CRO and CRO alone effectively reduce the bacterium's ability to form biofilms and adhere to biotic surfaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":20355,"journal":{"name":"Polimery w medycynie","volume":"55 1","pages":"31-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144542019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of polymerization reaction conditions on the stability of naproxen sodium.","authors":"Agnieszka Gola, Adrianna Złocińska","doi":"10.17219/pim/202644","DOIUrl":"10.17219/pim/202644","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>\"Smart'\" polymers with reversible responsiveness to temperature stimuli are among the most promising carriers for controlled drug delivery, as temperature is a critical physiological factor within the human body. The majority of studies on the coupling of polymers with active substances have employed the method of attaching the drug to the polymer after its synthesis. The direct addition of the drug during the polymerization process has not been attempted, primarily due to concerns about the potential degradation of the active substance under harsh reaction conditions, such as elevated temperature and the presence of free radicals.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the stability of a selected model drug - naproxen sodium (NAP), under extreme synthesis conditions, thereby providing insights into its resilience in such an environment.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The Thermo Scientific Dionex UltiMate 3000 system was utilized for the chromatographic analyses. The separations were carried out on a Phenomenex Kinetex 2.6 µm, C18 100A, 150 × 2.1 mm column at 30°C. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay was carried out using gradient elution with a flow rate 0.4 mL/min and mobile phase of water 0.1% formic acid (A) and acetonitrile 0.1% formic acid (B) with the detector set at the wavelength of 254 nm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Chromatographic analysis showed new peaks indicating decomposition on NAP in ambient temperature in the presence of 2.2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AIBA).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings indicate that NAP cannot be combined with the polymer during the polymerization process in extreme conditions of synthesis, specifically at temperatures of 70°C and in the presence of radicals, without undergoing decomposition. Nevertheless, further trials and tests are necessary to substantiate this hypothesis. One potential avenue for further investigation would be trials with alternative radical initiators, such as potassium persulfate (KPS).</p>","PeriodicalId":20355,"journal":{"name":"Polimery w medycynie","volume":" ","pages":"67-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143788778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of selected polyoxyethylene glycols on the electrical conductivity of isosmotic and hyperosmotic natrium chloride solutions.","authors":"Maja Prajzner, Maria Twarda, Witold Musiał","doi":"10.17219/pim/203038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/pim/203038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) are widely applied in technology of pharmaceutical products, as well as in other branches of industry. Owing to their physicochemical properties, they are particularly effective in enhancing the solubility of a wide range of drug formulations.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of PEGs on the physicochemical parameters of model systems containing different concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl), with particular emphasis on the specific conductivity of these solutions.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A series of aqueous solutions containing 0.9% and 9.0% NaCl, with increasing mass concentrations (2.0-25.0% w/w) of PEG 200 and PEG 4000, were prepared and analyzed. Their specific conductivity was tested using a CC-505 conductivity meter with an EC-70 conductivity sensor; also, densities and viscosities of the tested solutions were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The increased concentration of polymers in the system resulted in decrease of the specific conductivity and molar conductivity in each of the series of evaluated solutions. An inverse relationship occurred in viscosity measurements, which increased with increasing PEG content in the system.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The addition of PEG 200 and PEG 4000 to aqueous NaCl solutions affected both the specific conductivity and viscosity of these systems. Both types of polymers had similar effects on conductivity changes in 0.9% and 9.0% NaCl solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20355,"journal":{"name":"Polimery w medycynie","volume":"55 1","pages":"41-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144542021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}