Polimery w medycynie最新文献

{"title":"Progress, prospect and explorations of polymeric nanoparticles for the treatment of ophthalmic complications.","authors":"Pravin K Pawar, Aishwarya Nerlekar, Nisha Jagtap, Ankita Vibhute","doi":"10.17219/pim/200146","DOIUrl":"10.17219/pim/200146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to physiological and anatomical barriers, optometrists and drug delivery specialists have long faced challenges in administering medications to the eyes. These ocular barriers - both permanent and temporary - limit the entry of foreign substances and reduce the effective absorption of therapeutic agents. Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) provide advantages such as selective tissue targeting, improved drug bioavailability, stability, and controlled drug release. Their ability to overcome barriers like the precorneal film, cornea and intra-retinal regions depends on properties such as interfacial ligands, mucoadhesion, hydrophobicity, particle size, and surface charge. Careful design tailored to specific ocular tissues and diseases is essential. This study aims to explore the potential applications of polymeric NPs across various pharmaceutical categories in the treatment of ocular conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20355,"journal":{"name":"Polimery w medycynie","volume":" ","pages":"165-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145757542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymer matrix of biofilm in Klebsiella pneumoniae reduced by sub-MIC hydrogen peroxide enhances cefotaxime efficacy.","authors":"Mohammed Talab Mohammed, Ayaid Khadem Zgair","doi":"10.17219/pim/207885","DOIUrl":"10.17219/pim/207885","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The polymer matrix of Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilm contributes to its resistance to a broad spectrum of antibiotics and poses a significant public health threat.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The present study aims to use hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) to improve cefotaxime efficiency against cefotaxime-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP) by disrupting the biofilm polymer matrix. Objectives. The present study aims to determine whether sub-MICs of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) can enhance the efficacy of cefotaxime against CRKP by disrupting the biofilm polymer matrix.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from 140 burn wound samples. The effect of cefotaxime and sub-MICs of H2O2 on biofilm formation by pretreated K. pneumoniae was evaluated. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to examine the effect of H2O2 sub-MICs on the biofilm matrix. The synergistic effect of H2O2 sub-MICs on the susceptibility of CRKP to cefotaxime and on the structure of the biofilm polymer matrix was also assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A moderately high incidence of wound infections caused by CRKP was observed. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between biofilm formation and bacterial susceptibility to cefotaxime (r = -0.501, p = 0.024). Treatment with various sub-MICs of H2O2 and cefotaxime reduced biofilm formation on polystyrene surfaces by the K. pneumoniae Kp10 isolate. Specifically, exposure to H2O2 at 1/8 MIC induced the formation of pores and channels within the biofilm matrix, resulting in a looser biofilm structure. A synergistic effect (fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index ≤ 0.5) was observed, where sub-MICs of H2O2 decreased the MIC of cefotaxime against Kp10 from 1,000 μg/mL to 250 μg/mL at ½ and ¼ MIC of H2O2, and produced a strong additive effect with a reduction to 500 μg/mL at other sub-MICs. The combination of H2O2 sub-MICs and cefotaxime was more effective in reducing biofilm formation than either agent used alone.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations of H2O2 exhibited synergistic to strongly additive effects in enhancing the antibacterial activity of cefotaxime against CRKP and in reducing biofilm formation by the K. pneumoniae Kp10 isolate. This effect appears to be mediated by disruption of the biofilm polymer matrix, which may contribute to improved infection control.</p>","PeriodicalId":20355,"journal":{"name":"Polimery w medycynie","volume":" ","pages":"113-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145757569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of polymeric surfactants in research and development of drugs applied topically to the skin and mucous membranes.","authors":"Remigiusz Zapolski, Witold Musiał","doi":"10.17219/pim/206092","DOIUrl":"10.17219/pim/206092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polymeric surfactants play an important role in the research and development of drugs applied topically to the skin and mucous membranes. Their versatile properties include the ability to lower surface tension, thereby favorably contributing to the energetic balance of the emulsification process during the preparation of various dosage forms. In addition, they offer important structural advantages that enhance the stability of the resulting pharmaceutical or cosmetic products through electrostatic repulsion and steric effects. The influence of viscosity and density should also be taken into account when polymeric surfactants are considered as additives, as these are crucial components of various drug formulations. Emulsions used in ointments and creams are among the most relevant dosage forms affected by surface and interfacial tension phenomena. However, other dosage forms also require the use of surfactants, which may belong to the group of polymeric compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":20355,"journal":{"name":"Polimery w medycynie","volume":" ","pages":"135-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145757445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The historic development of plant virus-like particles as nanocarrier systems for bioactive molecules: Perspective and future opportunities.","authors":"Milton Naranjo, Kyoshi Akimita","doi":"10.17219/pim/211981","DOIUrl":"10.17219/pim/211981","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For several decades, conventional treatments for chronic and degenerative diseases have been constrained by technological limitations, particularly those related to the physicochemical properties, stability and bioavailability of therapeutic molecules, as well as the efficiency of their delivery systems. Medical polymers are widely used in drug delivery to enhance the solubility, stability and controlled release of therapeutic agents, and they can be engineered into nanoparticles (NPs) derived from either natural or synthetic materials. Toward the end of the 20th century, the use of plant viral capsids as supramolecular structures for the packaging and controlled release of therapeutic compounds emerged, introducing a versatile, sustainable and cost-effective strategy that has progressively gained scientific and clinical relevance. Capsid proteins (CPs) derived from plant viruses can act as nanocages for drug encapsulation and delivery, and they can be surface-modified or functionalized with a wide range of biomolecules, including peptides, carbohydrates, functional groups, proteins, and oligonucleotides, through either chemical conjugation or genetic engineering approaches. This review explores the historical development, current biomedical applications, inherent challenges, and future prospects of plant-derived virus-like particles (pVLPs).</p>","PeriodicalId":20355,"journal":{"name":"Polimery w medycynie","volume":" ","pages":"153-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145757514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Propolis-infused heat-polymerized acrylic denture bases: Enhanced mechanical properties in vitro study.","authors":"Rasha Mehdi, Intisar J Ismail, Nabaa Al-Nawab, Ban M Jassim","doi":"10.17219/pim/204545","DOIUrl":"10.17219/pim/204545","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is widely used as a denture base material despite its limitations, which include low transverse strength, impact resistance, surface hardness, and relatively high-water solubility and sorption. To enhance its mechanical and physical properties, PMMA has been modified by incorporating various metal powder fillers, such as aluminum and copper - despite their tendency to cause discoloration. These modifications aim to improve the overall quality and durability of dental prostheses.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the influence of incorporating microform propolis powder (known for its antifungal and antimicrobial properties and its rich composition of functional groups) into acrylic denture base material, and to assess its effect on selected physical and mechanical properties of the material.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A total of 128 specimens were prepared to evaluate various mechanical properties. Four groups were tested: 1 control group containing acrylic resin without propolis, and 3 experimental groups with propolis powder added at concentrations of 1.0%, 2.0% and 3.0% by weight. Each group consisted of 8 specimens for each mechanical test. All specimens were cured using the conventional heat-curing method. The mechanical properties evaluated included transverse strength, impact strength, surface hardness, and surface roughness. The data were statistically analyzed using the IBM SPSS software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The group with 1.0% propolis addition showed the highest mean values in all tested mechanical properties: transverse strength (90.50 N/mm²), impact strength (10.45 kJ/m²) and surface hardness (84.39). These values were significantly higher than those of the control group, with statistical analysis revealing highly significant differences between groups (p < 0.05) using ANOVA. Regarding surface roughness, the 1.0% propolis group also recorded the lowest mean value (1.03 μm), compared to the control group (2.14 μm), with all experimental groups showing significantly reduced roughness.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The incorporation of 1.0% microform propolis powder into PMMA denture base material significantly improved its mechanical and surface properties. These promising results suggest that further studies are warranted - either to explore additional properties or to test different propolis concentrations, potentially combined with coupling agents such as silane to enhance bonding and performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":20355,"journal":{"name":"Polimery w medycynie","volume":" ","pages":"105-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photodynamic therapy: Basics and new directions for clinical applications.","authors":"Aneta Popiel-Kopaczyk, Tomasz Stanisław Kręcicki, Roksana Kozieł","doi":"10.17219/pim/208132","DOIUrl":"10.17219/pim/208132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photodynamic therapy (PDT) remains a developing modality in cancer treatment. It is a minimally invasive approach that employs a photosensitizing drug, activated by light, to induce localized cytotoxic effects. Initially introduced in oncology, PDT has proven effective for cancers such as skin malignancies and head and neck tumors, while sparing surrounding healthy tissue. Beyond oncology, its use has expanded to dermatology, ophthalmology and dentistry, and it shows promise in the management of chronic inflammatory conditions, pediatric nephrology and emerging applications in cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Despite persistent challenges such as limited light penetration, advances in photosensitizers and integration with technologies including immunotherapy and polymeric nanocarriers underscore PDT's potential as a versatile tool in precision medicine. Recent studies suggest that PDT can also modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME) and stimulate anti-tumor immune responses, thereby enhancing its therapeutic impact. Consequently, it is increasingly being investigated in combination with other treatment modalities to overcome resistance and improve patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20355,"journal":{"name":"Polimery w medycynie","volume":" ","pages":"145-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145244875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicochemical, compressional, mechanical, and dissolution properties of metronidazole tablets prepared with cocoa pod gum.","authors":"Olutayo Ademola Adeleye, Aishat Olalekan, Emmanuel Adelaja Bamigbola, Adepero Olubukola Awolesi, Oluwatobi Oladayo Olakojo, Olufunke Esther Olorunsola, Bernard Opatimidi Patani, Musiliu Oluseun Adedokun","doi":"10.17219/pim/211375","DOIUrl":"10.17219/pim/211375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Natural gums offer environmentally friendly, biodegradable and non-toxic alternatives to synthetic binders in pharmaceutical formulations. Cocoa pod gum (CPG), derived from cocoa pod husk (CPH), presents a sustainable and underexplored source for pharmaceutical application.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study investigates the potential of CPG as a natural binder in metronidazole tablet formulations, evaluating its physicochemical and compressional properties, mechanical strength, drug release behavior, and compatibility with the active pharmaceutical ingredient.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The CPG was extracted from CPH and characterized alongside xanthan gum (XNG), a standard natural binder. Physicochemical analyses included pH, flow properties, viscosity, particle size, crystallinity, and thermal behavior. Compaction behavior was assessed using Heckel and Kawakita equations. Metronidazole tablets were formulated with varying concentrations (10-20% w/w) of both gums and evaluated for hardness, friability, disintegration time, and in vitro drug release. Compatibility was examined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cocoa pod gum demonstrated better flow properties and swelling capacity, while XNG showed higher viscosity and plastic deformation, yield pressure (Py) and PK values. Tablets formulated with XNG had greater hardness and slower disintegration, resulting in more delayed drug release. Cocoa pod gum-based tablets disintegrated faster and showed rapid drug release, making them more suitable for immediate release formulations. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed no drug-excipient incompatibilities.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cocoa pod gum exhibits promising binder properties comparable to XNG and may serve as a cost-effective, sustainable and biocompatible alternative to conventional excipients in tablet formulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":20355,"journal":{"name":"Polimery w medycynie","volume":" ","pages":"123-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145757455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications of biomaterials in reconstructive gynecology.","authors":"Radosław Blok, Grzegorz Myszczyszyn, Artur Wiatrowski, Marek Tomiałowicz, Maria Pomorska, Jerzy Florjanski","doi":"10.17219/pim/203964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/pim/203964","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review comprehensively describes the applications of biomaterials in gynecology, focusing on their role in treating gynecological disorders, reconstructive procedures and minimally invasive surgeries. It highlights the latest advancements, such as biocompatibility, innovative implants and biodegradable materials. This article also provides information about biomaterials used for vaginal and pelvic wall reconstruction in pelvic organ prolapse patients, as well as its use in minimally invasive surgical procedures and infertility treatment (including assisted reproductive technologies (ART)). The application of biomaterials in gynecological oncology is also discussed, as biomaterials - particularly those incorporating nanotechnology - enable selective drug delivery and targeted cancer therapy. We highlight the current clinical challenges and unmet needs while offering a forward-looking perspective on the potential of biomaterials in advancing regenerative medicine, personalized treatments and improving outcomes for women's health. We aim to provide some directions for future research and the development of novel biomaterials that can improve gynecological care.</p>","PeriodicalId":20355,"journal":{"name":"Polimery w medycynie","volume":"55 1","pages":"59-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144542017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Native and pregelatinized starches of bitter yam as film formers for oral dissolving formulations].","authors":"Tioluwani Ibukun Adegbolagun, Olubusola Ayoola Odeniyi, Michael Ayodele Odeniyi","doi":"10.17219/pim/202946","DOIUrl":"10.17219/pim/202946","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oral dissolving films are portable dosage forms that consist of active pharmaceutical ingredients incorporated into film-forming polymers such as starch. Starches obtain optimum filmogenic properties by gelatinization and blending with other polymers. The high starch content of bitter yam (Dioscorea dumetorum Pax) gives it yet unexplored potential for orodispersible films.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effect of pregelatinization on the physicochemical properties of bitter yam starch. Additionally, our objective was to evaluate the potential of both native starch (NS) and pregelatinized starch (PS), incorporated into polymer blends, as biopolymeric materials for use in orally dissolving films (ODFs).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Native and pregelatinized wild Dioscorea dumetorum Pax (bitter yam) starch were prepared and characterized using physicochemical, microscopic and rheological methods, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Oral dissolving films with varying hydroxylpropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC)-to-starch ratios (1:1, 1:2 and 2:1) were formulated and evaluated based on organoleptic properties, surface morphology, folding endurance, weight and thickness, pH, and disintegration time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pregelatinization improved the swelling, solubility and hydration capacity of the starch. Although no changes were observed in the crystalline nature upon gelatinization, DSC analysis revealed remarkable changes in the thermal behavior of the NS after pregelatinization. Both NS and PS did not produce continuous films without HPMC. Flexibility of the starch increased with increasing HPMC concentration films, and PS-based films had higher folding endurance compared to NS films. Native starch-based films had smoother surfaces and higher thicknesses than PS films. All the starch films demonstrated disintegration times longer than 15 min, and slightly acidic pH values.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pregelatinization of bitter yam starch, followed by blending with HPMC at a 2:1 ratio, resulted in the most effective oral film formulation. Further studies focusing on optimizing disintegration rates and pH would help confirm the suitability of this starch for use in ODF formulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":20355,"journal":{"name":"Polimery w medycynie","volume":"55 1","pages":"7-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144542016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of hepatitis C virus on IFITM3 gene expression: A comprehensive analysis incorporating serological detection and viral load quantification via qPCR.","authors":"Tabarak S Jassim, Sura S Talib, Nawar R Jaber, Dina H Sahib, Rusul W Ali, Bahaa Al-Rubaii","doi":"10.17219/pim/199333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/pim/199333","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes long-term liver disease. Its capacity to influence the host immune system makes its pathogenesis more complicated. Targeting the IFITM3 gene presents a promising therapeutic strategy for treating HCV infections, as it blocks the virus from entering host cells.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study examines how HCV viral loads affect IFITM3 gene expression.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This study included 100 patient samples diagnosed with HCV through serological methods and confirmed as positive. Then, viral and human RNA were extracted using commercial kits. The viral RNA was then quantified using one-step real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), enabling an accurate assessment of viral load in the blood. Following this, human RNA was converted to cDNA and quantified using qPCR to investigate IFITM3 gene expression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The distribution of blood groups among HCV-positive and HCV-negative samples showed that samples with the Oblood group had a significantly higher frequency of HCV positivity (18.4%) compared to the HCV-negative group (2.0%). Age analysis indicated a significant difference between HCV-positive and HCV-negative individuals with mean age of 37.8 ±1.48 years and 44.1 ±1.56 years, respectively. The expression levels of the IFITM3 gene were significantly higher in the HCV-positive group (4.21 ±1.17 fold) compared to the HCV-negative group (1.36 ±0.157 fold), with a p-value of 0.016. A correlation analysis between IFITM3 gene expression levels and HCV viral loads showed r-value of 0.343, indicating a moderate positive correlation, with p-value of 0.016.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Strong correlations observed in this study show the need for a comprehensive understanding and management approach to HCV disease. These relationships should be studied longitudinally to verify causality and assess potential interventions. IFITM3 gene expression as a biomarker for HCV infection and disease progression warrants further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20355,"journal":{"name":"Polimery w medycynie","volume":"55 1","pages":"21-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144542018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}