Porcine Health Management最新文献

{"title":"Uncovering biosecurity gaps: risk factors for PRRSV seropositivity in Costa Rican pig farms identified through machine learning.","authors":"Ronald Meléndez-Arce, Emily Jiménez-Loaiza, Berta Leiva-Bonilla, Juan Carlos Venegas-Soto, Milania Rocha-Palma, Arie Van Nes, Arjan Stegeman, Hans Vernooij, Juan José Romero-Zúñiga","doi":"10.1186/s40813-026-00495-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40813-026-00495-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) continues to impose significant economic losses on pig production globally. In Costa Rica, where the virus is endemic, there is limited knowledge of the farm-level risk factors influencing PRRSV spread. This study aimed to identify biosecurity factors associated with PRRSV seroprevalence in Costa Rican pig farms. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 21 pig farms across Costa Rica. Data on farm management and biosecurity practices were collected using a structured questionnaire and linked to PRRSV seroprevalence data from a companion study. Logistic regression, and machine learning methods like LASSO (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator), and Random Forest models were used to identify significant risk factors associated with herd-level PRRSV positivity. RESULTS: Three key risk factors were consistently identified by both LASSO and Random Forest models: historical controlled exposure to PRRSV, restrictions on employee access to the farm, and restrictions on employee visits to other pig farms. Additional risk factors identified included topography, disinfection practices for transport vehicles, sanitation measures for visitors, boot and clothing protocols, and feedback procedures. Farms with a history of controlled exposure had an odds ratio of 90 (95% CI: 7.6–3,550) for being PRRSV-positive. CONCLUSION: The findings underscore the importance of internal and external biosecurity measures, particularly in relation to personnel movement and intentional exposure practices. Modeling approaches such as LASSO and Random Forest provided complementary insights into PRRSV risk factors in a tropical production setting. These insights can guide tailored interventions to reduce PRRSV transmission in Costa Rica and similar regions. </p>","PeriodicalId":20352,"journal":{"name":"Porcine Health Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13069804/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146776466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional regulation of sow reproduction by vitamin A: insights and knowledge gaps.","authors":"Samantha R Yankocy, Claire Stenhouse","doi":"10.1186/s40813-026-00490-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40813-026-00490-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nutrition plays a critical role in maintaining overall animal health, productivity, and reproductive success. Among the key nutritional components essential for optimal physiological function are vitamins, organic compounds required in small amounts for metabolism and organism growth. One vitamin of particular importance in swine production is vitamin A due to its fundamental roles in numerous physiological processes, including the regulation of gene expression, maintenance of epithelial integrity, immune system function, and reproduction. This review synthesizes the current state of knowledge regarding the role of vitamin A in sow reproduction and aims to identify critical knowledge gaps that must be addressed to support the health, productivity, and longevity of the modern hyperprolific sow.</p>","PeriodicalId":20352,"journal":{"name":"Porcine Health Management","volume":"12 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12922276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146228311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary supplementation with microencapsulated organic acids and essential oils improves sow productivity and nursery pig performance under commercial field conditions.","authors":"Aprilia Rizky Riadini, Pornchalit Assavacheep, Kris Angkanaporn, Sukuma Samngamnim, Akaradet Seemacharoensri, Glenmer Bathan Tactacan, Ludovic Lahaye, Anongnart Assavacheep","doi":"10.1186/s40813-026-00491-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40813-026-00491-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Organic acids (OA) and essential oils (EO) are used in swine diets to reduce diarrhea and support gut health. Although their benefits on growth and fecal microflora have been reported, data under commercial conditions especially involving both sows and nursery pigs remain limited. In this study, two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of microencapsulated organic acids and essential oils P(OA + EO) on sow productivity and nursery pig performance. The first experiment, 334 sows were divided into 2 groups: (1) Control group, (2) Treatment group fed diet supplemented with P(OA + EO) from 7 days before to 28 days after farrowing. The second experiment, 3065 nursery piglets were divided into 2 groups: (1) Control group allocated into phase I (28–49 days of age) and phase II (50–70 days of age), (2) Treatment group fed the same phase I diet supplemented with 2 kg/ton P(OA + EO), and phase II with 1 kg/ton P(OA + EO). RESULTS: Sows fed P(OA + EO) had significantly lower BCS and body fat losses compared with Control group. Percentage of sows with shoulder ulcer was lower in P(OA + EO) group. ADFI of sows in P(OA + EO) group was statistically higher than Control group. Number of pigs with diarrhea/litter, pre-weaning mortality, average weaned pigs/litter, average weaning weight/litter and average daily litter weight gain were all significantly improved by P(OA + EO). In the nursery pig experiment, ADFI and ADG were significantly higher, while FCR was significantly improved in P(OA + EO) group. At 28 days of age, total fecal bacterial population in P(OA + EO) group was significantly lower than Control group, whereas total fecal bacterial population, coliform, E. coli and Lactobacillus spp. were higher at 70 days. However, Lactobacillus spp./Total bacteria ratio (L/T) and Lactobacillus spp./Coliform ratio (L/C) were similar between treatment groups at 28, 49, and 70 days. CONCLUSION: Supplementation of P(OA + EO) during lactation yielded significant improvements in sow productivity and suckling performance of piglets. Extending supplementation of P(OA + EO) into nursery period revealed positive impacts on growth performance of weaned piglets. These improvements could be attributed to the positive effect of P(OA + EO) on feed intake, leading to increased nutrient assimilation. </p>","PeriodicalId":20352,"journal":{"name":"Porcine Health Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12997692/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146181915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus introduction into Danish pig farms: a register-based study.","authors":"Mette Fertner, Søren Kjærgaard Boldsen, Nicolai Rosager Weber, Janni Hales Pedersen, Nils Toft","doi":"10.1186/s40813-026-00489-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40813-026-00489-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) remains one of the most important virus infections in the industrialised pig production sector. In 2022, a national PRRS control programme was launched in Denmark. Nevertheless, new cases of PRRS-positive farms continue to be reported. The objective of the present study was to identify routes of introduction and risk factors associated with the introduction of the PRRS virus onto Danish pig farms. RESULTS: Based on register data from 2023, we identified 175 cases (173 farms) that changed their serological status from PRRS-negative to PRRS-positive, and 1,909 controls (1,665 farms) that remained PRRS-negative. The overall incidence was estimated to be 9.5% (175/1,838), with an incidence of 5.7% (39/788) for farms with sows and 11.8% (136/1,151) for weaner and/or finisher farms. Inward movement of PRRS-positive pigs was identified as the most likely route of introduction for 20% (8/40) of the farms with sows and 82% (112/136) of the weaner and/or finisher farms. Cases resulting from the deliberate inward movement of known PRRS-positive pigs were excluded from the dataset before logistic regression models were developed with case/control as a response variable predicting the risk of PRRS introduction. Two logistic regression models were developed: one for farms with sows and one for weaner and/or finisher farms. Evaluated risk factors included farm size, number of supplying farms, the supplier becoming PRRS-positive within 90 days of movement, distance to PRRS-positive neighbours and season. The two final multivariable models included both two highly significant risk factors: the supplying farm becoming PRRS-positive within 90 days of movement of pigs (p < 0.001) and the distance to PRRS-positive neighbours (p < 0.001). Crude observations identified a 16 and 43 times higher risk of becoming PRRS-positive if the supplier became PRRS-positive within 90 days of movement of pigs, compared with farms where the supplier remained PRRS-negative (RRsow = 15.7 [9.1;27.3] CI95%, RRWF = 42.5 [28.3;64.0] CI95%). Likewise, there was a four and nine times higher risk of farms becoming PRRS-positive if PRRS-positive neighbours were located within a 5 km radius, compared with no positive neighbours within this distance (RRsow = 4.2 [1.8;10.6] CI95%; RRWF = 8.5 [3.4;20.9] CI95%). On-farm biosecurity measures that have been identified as major factors in other studies were not possible to include, as this study was based purely on register-data. CONCLUSIONS: The results from the present study confirm that the movement of pigs is the main driver of PRRS infections on Danish weaner and/or finisher farms. Local transmission from neighbouring farms appears to be of secondary importance. </p>","PeriodicalId":20352,"journal":{"name":"Porcine Health Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12973652/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146132645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macroepidemiologic assessment of swine disease co-occurrences in the United States of America.","authors":"Guilherme A Cezar, Eric R Burrough, Rodger G Main, Melanie Prarat Koscielny, Ryan Farmer, Ryan Yanez, Rafael R Nicolino, Daniel C L Linhares, Giovani Trevisan","doi":"10.1186/s40813-026-00487-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40813-026-00487-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Swine producers frequently encounter polymicrobial disease challenges, with co-infections exacerbating clinical disease and complicating response strategies. This study aimed to characterize co-diagnosis patterns in swine by integrating confirmed diagnosis cases using a standardize diagnosis system (Dx code) from the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory. As a secondary objective, the study developed the concept and implemented a framework for the technological transfer of the Dx code system from ISU-VDL to the Ohio Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, and to gather Dx code data through an animal disease monitoring program, thereby creating a multi-institutional, confirmed tissue disease diagnosis database. The final collated database was harmonized and used to analyze 45,310 confirmed tissue diagnosis cases submitted between 2020 and 2025. Co-diagnosis was defined as the presence of two or more distinct etiologies within a single case. Overall, 52.62% of cases were co-diagnosed in 42 U.S. states, with a seasonal variation indicating reduced submissions and co-diagnosis rates during the summer months. The wean-to-market production phase accounted for 86.45% of co-diagnosed cases. The co-diagnosed cases were more abundant in respiratory and systemic anatomic systems, with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Streptococcus suis being the predominant co-diagnosed pathogens. Age-specific trends revealed respiratory co-diagnoses peaking in nursery and grow-finish pigs, while digestive co-diagnoses were more common in suckling piglets. Statistical modeling using Conway-Maxwell-Poisson regression revealed that co-diagnosis cases involving bacterial and viral insults had significantly higher numbers of distinct etiologies (IRR = 2.48; CI: 1.66-3.66) compared with co-diagnosis cases without bacterial or viral involvement, with an expected count of 2.95 distinct etiologies per case. The study demonstrated the value of standardized diagnostic coding for epidemiological surveillance and highlights the complexity of co-infections in swine. Additionally, the findings underscore the importance of collaborative data sharing in enhancing swine health management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20352,"journal":{"name":"Porcine Health Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13088664/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146126387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of porcine coronavirus antibodies in Iberian pigs and wild boars from central-western Spain.","authors":"Paloma Encinas, Gustavo Del Real, Ronaldo Magtoto, Juan Carlos Mora-Díaz, Lu Yen, María Templado, Irene Iglesias, José A Carrillo-Ávila, Jesús Hernández, Luis G Giménez-Lirola","doi":"10.1186/s40813-026-00488-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40813-026-00488-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Porcine coronaviruses (PoCoVs) are common etiological viral agents of enteric and respiratory disease in swine, but most epidemiological information derives from intensively managed herds. Data from outdoor systems and wildlife remain scarce, despite the potential role of free-range production and wildlife-livestock interactions in sustaining virus transmission. In southern Spain, the traditional Dehesa agroforestry system supports Iberian pigs that share space and resources with wild boars and other species, creating interfaces where cross-species circulation may occur. To address this gap, we assessed the seroprevalence of five PoCoVs, including porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), and porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV), in Iberian pigs and wild boars from central-western Spain. A total of 260 Iberian pig sera and 564 wild boar sera collected between 2016 and 2020 were tested using indirect ELISAs for PHEV, PEDV, and PDCoV and a blocking ELISA for PRCV/TGEV. Antibodies to PHEV were highly prevalent in Iberian pigs (68.0%) and detected at lower levels in wild boars (22.6%), a pattern consistent with endemic exposure in domestic pigs and sporadic circulation in wildlife. PEDV antibodies were identified in 8.5% of Iberian pigs and 2.8% of wild boars, with higher prevalence in pigs during 2016 followed by a sharp decline, suggesting past but not ongoing activity. PDCoV antibodies were rare overall (3.1% in pigs, 2.6% in wild boars) but reached 41.6% in pigs from Cáceres in 2017-2018, indicative of a localized event. PRCV antibodies were widespread in Iberian pigs (67.3%), with higher prevalence in Badajoz compared to Cáceres, while wild boars showed rising seropositivity in Ciudad Real/Toledo by 2022 (up to 33.3%). No TGEV antibodies were detected in either host population, supporting the predominance of PRCV in the region. These findings demonstrate that PHEV and PRCV are enzootic in free-range Iberian pigs, while PEDV and PDCoV circulate at low levels, and wild boars are more likely incidental than reservoir hosts. The detection of antibodies in the absence of clinical outbreaks underscores the silent nature of PoCoV circulation in extensive systems and highlights the importance of integrating wildlife-livestock interfaces into surveillance and biosecurity strategies in Mediterranean production landscapes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20352,"journal":{"name":"Porcine Health Management","volume":" ","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12879451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146106979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of swine diseases on total factor productivity of pig farms of different scales in China.","authors":"Zhen Xu, Xiangdong Hu, Fengqi Xu, Haizhao Zhang, Hui Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s40813-025-00484-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40813-025-00484-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Animal diseases threaten pig production by reducing growth efficiency and farm profitability. Total factor productivity (TFP), reflecting technological progress, organizational improvement, and resource allocation, provides a comprehensive measure of farm performance. Yet, the impact of diseases on TFP in pig farming remains unclear. This study examines the effects of animal diseases on TFP across different farm sizes in China using provincial panel data from 2007 to 2020. RESULTS: A 1% increase in disease cases raises TFP by 0.018 units in large-scale farms, reduces it by 0.041 units in small-scale farms, and shows no significant effect for medium-scale farms. Mechanism analysis indicates that diseases mainly affect TFP through technical change, while heterogeneity analysis shows stronger effects in major pig-producing regions. CONCLUSIONS: Diseases, though adverse shocks, have spurred technological progress and TFP in large-scale farms but significantly constrained TFP in small-scale farms. These findings underscore the need to promote technological innovation, account for scale heterogeneity in policy design, and strengthen the resilience of small- and medium-scale farms to ensure sustainable development of the swine industry. </p>","PeriodicalId":20352,"journal":{"name":"Porcine Health Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12937567/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146044099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-sectional study characterizing the porcine faecal microbiome in commercial farms.","authors":"Mario Andre S Ornelas, Juan M Ortiz Sanjuán, Finola C Leonard, Carla Correia-Gomes, Jordi Estellé, Lorcan O'Neill, Edgar Garcia Manzanilla","doi":"10.1186/s40813-025-00480-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40813-025-00480-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: The gut microbiome is regarded as an important source of information to better understand and improve health and growth in animals. However, there is a knowledge gap concerning the effects of management and health in commercial farms on the porcine faecal microbiome. This study aimed to identify the main factors associated with differences in microbiota alpha and beta diversity, resistome and functional profiles between and within farms and to study the associations between microbiome and farm characteristics. The faecal microbiomes at four production stages were examined in 18 farms, using shotgun sequencing. RESULTS: Microbiota richness increased with age while evenness and Simpson diversity decreased. Production stage was associated with microbiota composition, resistome and functional profiles, and most differences in the microbiome were observed between weaned pigs and older animals. Microbiota richness, diversity and evenness were higher in farms that purchased feed and in those with lower salmonella prevalence. Microbiota composition was associated with use of zinc oxide and medicated feed in young pigs and with health, biosecurity and feed form in older pigs. Feed form was associated with resistome, functional profiles and especially with core microbiota, as dry fed pigs showed higher abundances of Streptococcus alactolyticus. CONCLUSIONS: Consistent patterns of alpha and beta diversity were observed across farms with contrasting characteristics, suggesting that the faecal microbiota in commercial pig farms is primarily driven by diet and age, rather than health. Associations between microbiome, salmonella prevalence and diet suggested that diet induced changes in the microbiome may be a determining factor in gut colonization and infection by pathogens. </p>","PeriodicalId":20352,"journal":{"name":"Porcine Health Management","volume":"12 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12828960/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146030221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological analysis, risk factors, and spatial-temporal clustering of classical swine fever virus in China.","authors":"Wenchao Gao, Qingyuan Liu, Jiansheng Zhou, Xiaoxue Jiang, Qing Wang, Yuntong Shi, Xiaomin Liu, Xia Liu, Lili Wu, Qin Zhao, Xiaowen Li","doi":"10.1186/s40813-026-00486-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40813-026-00486-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Classical Swine Fever (CSF), or swine cholera, is a highly acute, febrile, and contagious disease caused by the Classical Swine Fever virus (CSFV) in pigs. RESULTS: A total of 205,622 samples were collected from 689 pig farms defined as individual production units nationwide across 20 Chinese provinces/cities from January to December 2022. The results showed that at the sample level, the prevalence of CSFV was 0.25% (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.22% − 0.27%). At the pig farm level, the prevalence of CSFV was 5.08% (95% CI: 3.44% − 6.72%). The risk factors for CSFV infection in pig farms included geographic distribution, quarter, and herd category variables. Eight different temporal groups with a high prevalence of CSFV were also found in China, with the highest prevalence occurring from August to September 2022. Tissue samples and oropharyngeal/nasal swabs showed superior detection rates (1.00% and 0.34%, respectively) and are thus recommended for CSFV surveillance. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, this data complements the existing studies on the Chinese CSFV positive rate, risk factors, and temporal clustering. Our findings identify high-risk periods (August – September 2022) and regions (Northwest China), providing targeted strategies for CSFV control. </p>","PeriodicalId":20352,"journal":{"name":"Porcine Health Management","volume":" ","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12905922/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146019430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum IgA and bactericidal immunity against Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is increasing between 2 and 6 weeks of age in a farm with autogenous bacterin vaccination pre-farrowing, while specific maternal IgG is decreasing.","authors":"Theresa Middendorf, Josepha Hallbauer, Matthias Horn, Silke Lehnert, Karoline Rieckmann, Alexander Maas, Wieland Schrödl, Christoph G Baums","doi":"10.1186/s40813-025-00485-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40813-025-00485-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Neonatal piglets take up maternal IgG and IgA antibodies via colostrum. Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a major porcine pathogen that may cause invasive infections in the first ten weeks of life, leading to septicemia, polyarthritis, and meningitis. Preparturient dam vaccination with autogenous S. suis vaccines is common in the field. Vaccination with S. suis bacterins including water-in-oil adjuvants pre-farrowing elicits increased levels of S. suis specific serum IgG antibodies in suckling piglets. However, the influence of various factors associated with colostrum uptake on S. suis specific immunity in piglets has not been investigated thoroughly. This field study was designed to investigate the role of colostrum uptake on levels of IgG and IgA binding to S. suis and how these specific IgG and IgA levels are associated with bactericidal immunity during the nursery phase. RESULTS: Levels of serum IgG and IgA antibodies binding to the homologous S. suis serotype (cps) 2 strain in 2-week-old piglets correlated significantly with respective levels in colostrum. The quantity of individual colostrum uptake in the first 24 h of life, ranging from 250 g to 733 g in the investigated piglets, showed a correlation with S. suis specific IgA but no correlation with IgG levels in 2-week-old piglets. Levels of specific serum IgG declined significantly in the following 8 weeks of life whereas levels of serum IgA binding to S. suis cps2 increased prominently. Whereas bactericidal immunity in porcine blood against S. suis cps2 was rising in most litters between the 2nd and 6th week of life, increased streptococcal survival factors were observed in single litters in the 6th week. Bactericidal immunity at 2, 6 and 10 weeks of age was not associated with colostrum uptake, body weight at birth, the level of specific IgG or IgA in colostrum or the level of specific IgG in serum of the piglets but with the level of serum IgA binding to S. suis cps2. CONCLUSIONS: The levels of S. suis-specific serum IgG and IgA in 2-week-old suckling piglets in this herd with autogenous bacterin vaccination before farrowing are mainly determined by the respective levels in colostrum. In the following 8 weeks of life, specific serum IgG declines further, whereas specific serum IgA increases prominently and is associated with increased bactericidal immunity in the blood. Our results indicate that an IgG-independent mechanism plays a crucial role in bactericidal immunity after weaning in this herd. </p>","PeriodicalId":20352,"journal":{"name":"Porcine Health Management","volume":" ","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12896002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145971089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}