Preventive medicine最新文献

{"title":"Heart failure and cardiomyopathy mortality trends and disparities among obese populations: A 20-year United States study","authors":"Yong-Hao Yeo ,&nbsp;Boon-Jian San ,&nbsp;Ela Ahmad ,&nbsp;Min-Choon Tan ,&nbsp;Yuh-Miin Sin ,&nbsp;Milena Jani ,&nbsp;Richard J. Bloomingdale","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Our study aimed to assess the heart failure/cardiomyopathy-related population-level mortality trends among patients with obesity in the United States and disparities across demographics.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We queried the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database among adults aged ≥25 from 1999 to 2019. Heart failure/cardiomyopathy were listed as the main causes of death, with obesity as a contributing cause. We calculated age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) per 100,000 individuals and estimated the average annual percent change (AAPC). We also evaluated the social vulnerability of United States counties (2014–2018).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were 29,334 deaths related to heart failure/cardiomyopathy among patients with comorbid obesity. The overall AAMR increased from 0.41 in 1999 to 0.94 in 2019, with an AAPC of 3.78 (95 % CI, 3.41–4.14). The crude mortality rate increase for heart failure/cardiomyopathy was greater in individuals with comorbid obesity than in those without. Males had a higher AAMR than females (0.78 vs 0.55). African Americans also had higher AAMR than Whites (1.35 vs 0.62). The AAMR was higher in rural areas than in urban regions (0.76 vs 0.66). The overall AAMR was higher in counties with social vulnerability index-Quartile 4 (SVI-Q4) (most vulnerable) (1.08) compared to SVI-Q1 (least vulnerable) (0.63) with a risk ratio of 1.71 (95 % CI: 1.61–1.83).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Heart failure/cardiomyopathy mortality in individuals with comorbid obesity was rising. Males, African Americans, and individuals from rural regions had higher AAMR than their counterparts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 108179"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142676630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-specific associations of cigarettes and e-cigarettes use with self-reported premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease among adults aged 18–54 in the United States","authors":"Ememgini Elo-Eghosa ,&nbsp;Wei Li ,&nbsp;Mohammad Ebrahimi Kalan ,&nbsp;Nan Hu ,&nbsp;Olatokunbo Osibogun","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is increasing in young adults (&lt;55 years old). While research suggests females who smoke cigarettes have a higher risk of ASCVD than males, studies on the impact of exclusive e-cigarette and dual use on premature ASCVD are limited. This study investigated the association between tobacco use and self-reported premature ASCVD and explored potential sex differences.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using pooled data from 480,317 adults (ages 18–54; ∼50 % female) from the 2020–2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System from the United States, logistic regression models assessed associations between cigarette and e-cigarette use patterns and self-reported premature ASCVD. Tobacco use categories were defined as: non-use, former use (cigarettes, e-cigarettes), and current use (cigarettes, e-cigarettes) and dual use. Self-reported premature ASCVD was defined as self-reported angina or coronary heart disease, heart attack, or stroke. Weighted analyses were conducted for the overall sample and stratified by sex.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After controlling for potential confounders, former exclusive cigarette (adjusted OR: 1.47 [95 % CI 1.29, 1.67]), current exclusive cigarette (1.68 [1.47–1.94]) and current dual (2.03 [1.69–2.44]) use were associated with higher odds of self-reported premature ASCVD. There was no significant association for e-cigarette use. Sex-specific analyses revealed similar patterns but the magnitude of these associations varied between males and females.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Both sexes showed higher odds of self-reported premature ASCVD for dual and exclusive cigarette use. Although the cross-sectional design precludes causal inferences, the findings suggest comprehensive tobacco cessation programs tailored to diverse use patterns are needed to reduce the burden of premature ASCVD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 108181"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142668964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative effectiveness of high-efficacy and moderate efficacy disease-modifying agents in reducing the annualized relapse rates among multiple sclerosis patients in the United States","authors":"Jieni Li ,&nbsp;George J. Hutton ,&nbsp;Tyler J. Varisco ,&nbsp;Ying Lin ,&nbsp;Ekere J. Essien ,&nbsp;Rajender R. Aparasu","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The optimal treatment strategy for the management of multiple sclerosis is widely discussed due to the increasing availability of high-efficacy disease-modifying agents (heDMAs). This study evaluated the comparative effectiveness of heDMA and moderate-efficacy disease-modifying agents (meDMAs) use in reducing annualized relapse rate (ARR) among multiple sclerosis patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the 2015–2019 United States Merative MarketScan Commercial Claims Data. Adult (18–64 years) patients with incident disease-modifying agents (DMA) use were included. Claim-based relapse algorithms were applied to measure relapse events. The inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) based negative binomial regression model with the offset of the follow-up period was used to compare the ARR. The moderation effect of sex on ARR was also examined.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>This study included 10,003 incident DMA users, with 22.9 % initiated heDMAs. The average ARR during follow-up among heDMA users was lower than meDMA users (0.25 vs. 0.28, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). The IPTW-based regression found that sex moderated the relationship between the types of DMAs and ARR. Stratified analyses revealed that heDMAs were associated with a lower ARR in males (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR] 0.74; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.59–0.94) compared with meDMAs. No significant differences were noted among females (aIRR 0.99; 95 % CI: 0.88–1.21).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study found that sex moderated the effect of heDMAs, with male multiple sclerosis patients using heDMAs associated with a 26 % decreased risk of relapse than those with meDMAs. However, there was no difference in comparative effectiveness for females.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 108180"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142668962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of vaping with respiratory symptoms in U.S. young adults: Nicotine, cannabis, and dual vaping","authors":"Ruoyan Sun ,&nbsp;Gabriela R. Oates","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Although studies have found nicotine and cannabis vaping to be individually associated with respiratory symptoms, little is known about the harm of dual vaping. We aim to assess the association of nicotine-only, cannabis-only, and dual vaping with respiratory symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using a national sample of 8033 U.S. young adults (ages 18–24) interviewed in 2021, we employed multivariable logistic regressions to assess the association between vaping behaviors and past 12-month respiratory outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of all participants, 75.4 % did not vape, 15.0 % vaped nicotine only, 4.7 % vaped cannabis only, and 4.9 % vaped both. Compared with no vaping, nicotine-only vaping was associated with sounding wheezy (aPR = 1.75, 95 % CI, 1.28–2.39) and dry cough at night (aPR = 1.43, 95 % CI, 1.19–1.72). Cannabis-only vaping was also associated with these two symptoms, with aPRs at 1.82 (95 % CI, 1.15–2.88) and 1.61 (95 % CI, 1.18–2.21), respectively. In addition to these two symptoms (aPR = 2.24, 95 % CI, 1.42–3.54 for sounding wheezy, and aPR = 1.50, 95 % CI, 1.01–2.22 for dry cough at night), dual vaping was associated with wheezing or whistling (aPR = 1.93, 95 % CI, 1.23–3.04) and high level of respiratory symptoms (aPR = 2.02, 95 % CI, 1.24–3.32). Compared with non-frequent vaping, cannabis-only and dual frequent vaping were associated with higher risks of wheezing or whistling.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Nicotine-only and cannabis-only vaping were associated with two respiratory symptoms while dual vaping with four. The elevated respiratory risk of dual vaping warrants future research on the underlying mechanisms of different vaping behaviors and respiratory outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 108175"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142639604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clearing the air: Heightened perception of harm from secondhand cannabis smoke exposure is associated with no in-home cannabis smoking in a 21-country convenience sample","authors":"Osika Tripathi ,&nbsp;Humberto Parada Jr ,&nbsp;Sandy Liles ,&nbsp;Yuyan Shi ,&nbsp;Georg E. Matt ,&nbsp;Penelope J.E. Quintana ,&nbsp;Jason Ferris ,&nbsp;Adam Winstock ,&nbsp;John Bellettiere","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>As countries adopt more lenient cannabis use policies, perception of harm from secondhand cannabis smoke (SHCS) exposure is decreasing and most cannabis smoking is taking place at home. We quantified the relationship of reported in-home cannabis smoking with perceived harm from SHCS exposure.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The analytic sample comprised 28,154 adult respondents, from 21 countries, to the annual cross-sectional Global Drug Survey (2021) of users of licit or illicit drugs. Respondents reported perception of harm to non-smoking residents from SHCS exposure and past 30-day cannabis smoking in the home by anyone. Logistic regression estimated covariate-adjusted odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals of in-home cannabis smoking (yes/no). The association between harm perception and in-home cannabis smoking by country of residence was also quantified.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Sixty-one percent reported no in-home cannabis smoking in the last 30 days; mean perception of harm of SHCS exposure on a 10-point scale was 5.2. Those at the 75th (vs 25th) percentile of perceived harm had 70 % higher odds (OR = 1.7, 95 % CI = 1.6–1.8) of no in-home cannabis smoking. In all countries of residence, higher perception of harm was associated with reporting no in-home cannabis smoking, although not all were statistically significant. The strongest association was seen in Sweden (OR = 3.9, 95 % CI = 1.5–11.9) and New Zealand (OR = 2.3, 95 % CI = 2.0–2.7).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Respondents who perceived SHCS as harmful were less likely to report in-home cannabis smoking. If this association subsequently proves causal, increasing awareness of the harms associated with SHCS exposure could substantially reduce residential cannabis secondhand smoke exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 108178"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142639605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human papillomavirus-associated cancers, precancers, and genital warts in Denmark, 2000–2022 – Current burden of disease and population impact of multi-cohort HPV vaccination","authors":"Emma L. Kaderly Rasmussen ,&nbsp;Sofie Lindquist ,&nbsp;Louise Baandrup ,&nbsp;Tatiana Hansen ,&nbsp;Christian Munk ,&nbsp;Kirsten Frederiksen ,&nbsp;Susanne K. Kjær","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We present incidence trends of cancer and precancer at human papillomavirus(HPV)-associated sites, and genital warts, including the current burden of HPV-associated disease in Denmark, a country with multi-cohort HPV vaccination.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Cases were identified from high-quality nationwide registries (2000−2022). The age-specific incidence rate, age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) were calculated according to sex and calendar year. The current burden (2020−2022) of HPV-associated disease was estimated as the average annual number of each lesion multiplied by the disease-specific HPV-attributable fraction.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>ASRs of cervical precancer and genital warts declined markedly in the post-HPV vaccination period – for genital warts corresponding to an EAPC of −13.7 % (−15.0;−12.4)(women) and −8.8 % (−9.4;−8.2)(men), respectively. ASRs of HPV-associated cancer sites increased continuously in men (EAPC: 2.8 % (2.2;3.5)), and the same was observed for non-cervical HPV-associated cancer sites in women (EAPC: 2.5 % (2.0;3.0)). Cervical cancer, however, decreased in the post-HPV vaccination period (EAPC: −2.7 % (−3.8;−1.5)). Age-specific incidence rates of HPV-associated cancer sites decreased slightly in younger women and were stable in younger men, while incidence rates in older men approached or even surpassed that of older women. Data on the current burden showed that cervical precancer and genital warts are still the major contributors to HPV-associated disease, and oropharyngeal cancer now accounts for more annual cases on a population level than cervical cancer.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Danish data show decreased incidence of cervical lesions and genital warts in the post-vaccine era. Despite population impact of HPV vaccination, HPV-associated disease remains a public health issue and increasingly among men.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 108165"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142626107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of a lifestyle behaviour change program on healthcare costs: Quasi-experimental real-world evidence from an open-access mobile health app in the Netherlands","authors":"Elena Agachi ,&nbsp;Jochen O. Mierau ,&nbsp;Koert van Ittersum ,&nbsp;Tammo H.A. Bijmolt","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Recognizing the substantial role of modifiable risk factors such as physical inactivity, unhealthy diets, and substance use in driving global healthcare expenses, this study aims to assess the impact of a lifestyle behaviour change mobile health (mHealth) app on healthcare costs within a real-world setting.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Employing a difference-in-difference approach, this research compared healthcare costs between users of an mHealth app (treatment group) and a propensity score-matched control group of non-users. The study included data from 15,506 participants in the Netherlands, covering healthcare cost records collected from 2015 to 2019.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The implementation of the mHealth app was linked to a steady reduction in healthcare costs, achieving a 4.9 % decrease (<span><math><mi>β</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>0.05</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>95</mn><mo>%</mo><mi>CI</mi><mo>:</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>0.10</mn><mspace></mspace><mtext>to</mtext><mspace></mspace><mn>0.00</mn></math></span>) during the first year following the program's implementation, and a further 5.3 % decrease (<span><math><mi>β</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>0.05</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>95</mn><mo>%</mo><mi>CI</mi><mo>:</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>0.10</mn><mspace></mspace><mtext>to</mtext><mo>−</mo><mn>0.00</mn></math></span>) in the second year. This healthcare costs reduction is associated with lower expenses for general practitioner services as well as diminished specialist visits. Additionally, increased app use led to further cost reductions, with frequency of use proving more important than intensity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study demonstrates that a behaviour change mHealth app is linked to significant reductions in healthcare costs, with more frequent and intense use leading to greater savings. Given their relatively low cost and ability to reach diverse population groups, such apps not only enhance individual health outcomes but can also serve as effective policy tools for large-scale health promotion, supporting broader societal health improvements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 108174"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142625901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disparities in trends of smoke-free home associated with socioeconomic disadvantages in the United States from 2001 to 2019","authors":"Boram Lee ,&nbsp;Douglas E. Levy","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To examine disparities in trends of smoke-free home (SFH) rule prevalence in the United States from 2001 to 2019 by individuals' number of socioeconomic disadvantages.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were drawn from the 2001–2019 Tobacco Use Supplements to the U.S. Current Population Survey, a nationally representative cross-sectional survey. The sample comprised respondents (aged≥18 years) who answered items about SFH rules and socioeconomic disadvantage, defined as past-month unemployment, income below the federal poverty line, and/or education less than a high school diploma (<em>N</em> = 867,552). Multivariable logistic regressions estimated associations between adoption of an SFH rule and the number of socioeconomic disadvantages, including interaction terms between time and disadvantages, to assess changes in disparities over time.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>SFH prevalence increased substantially from 64.6 % in 2001–2002 to 89.0 % in 2018–2019. Differences in SFH prevalence by socioeconomic disadvantage narrowed somewhat over the 19 years among non-smokers but widened among smokers. Among non-smokers, SFH prevalence increased by 17.2 ppt (76.5 % to 93.7 %) for those without disadvantages, while it increased by 24.3 ppt (61.8 % to 86.1 %) among those with three disadvantages. In contrast, among smokers, increases in SFH prevalence over time were smaller among those with one (22.8 % to 51.5 %), two (19.5 % to 45.1 %), and three disadvantages (17.3 % to 37.1 %), compared with those without disadvantages (27.7 % to 61.4 %). The widened disparities were found even among smokers living with children.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Despite a large increase in the SFH prevalence, disparities remain. Our findings underscore the need for continued efforts to promote SFH, particularly among socioeconomically disadvantaged smokers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 108173"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142626019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the effectiveness of mailout smoking cessation support: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Amanual Getnet Mersha ,&nbsp;Jamie Bryant ,&nbsp;Kade Booth ,&nbsp;Michelle Kennedy","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>One of the main barriers to smoking cessation support is accessibility. Mailout supports can potentially mitigate access barriers, but their effectiveness has not been explored. The aim of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of mailout smoking cessation support.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic review was conducted using studies retrieved from six databases, from inception to May 2024. The methodological qualities were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools. Meta-analysis was performed using random-effects model to estimate pooled effects. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the Higgins' I² test. Publication bias was assessed through a funnel plot and Egger's regression test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 1918 citations were screened, resulting in the inclusion of 12 RCTs. Mailout support significantly improved the odds of smoking cessation at six to twelve months (OR = 1.43, 95 % CI: 1.29, 1.59). Interventions that included nicotine replacement therapies (NRT) were associated with higher odds of smoking cessation (OR = 1.61, 95 % CI: 1.38, 1.87) compared to behavioural interventions alone (OR = 1.28, 95 % CI: 1.11, 1.48). Interventions lasting longer than 12 weeks resulted in higher odds of smoking cessation (OR = 1.57, 95 % CI 1.29, 1.59) compared to interventions lasting 8 to 12 weeks (OR = 1.52, 95 % CI 1.29, 1.80) and less than 8 weeks (OR = 1.40, 95 % CI 1.10, 1.77).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Mailout smoking cessation support improves quitting, especially when interventions include NRT and delivered for longer than 12 weeks. While further research is needed to refine implementation strategies, mailout smoking cessation supports are effective and have potential to reduce access barriers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 108162"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142604293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A framework to conceptualize social prescribing services from a prevention perspective","authors":"Adrienne Alayli ,&nbsp;Kerryn Husk ,&nbsp;Vashti Berry ,&nbsp;Freia De Bock","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Social prescribing models are expanding worldwide to serve multiple goals, such as attending to social conditions that affect people's health, supporting patients with mental health issues or other long-term conditions, facilitating community building and reducing demands on the health care system. Implicitly, many social prescribing services seek to promote health, prevent morbidity or deterioration of disease. Given that the scientific literature currently does not systematically describe these services as preventive service models, we propose a framework to explicitly conceptualize social prescribing from a prevention perspective.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Based on concepts from prevention science (e.g., classifications of prevention approaches), and a comparison of social prescribing models in different countries, we compiled a framework allowing to conceptualize, plan and evaluate social prescribing from a prevention perspective. Examples of social prescribing models were identified using systematic reviews and focused key-word-searches.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our framework outlines a systematic process for explicitly designing social prescribing models for prevention purposes. It consists of the following steps: defining target populations (e.g., young people with mild mental health issues), formulating intended outcomes (e.g., improved social participation), determining a prevention approach (e.g., universal or indicated prevention), deciding on the implementation setting (e.g., primary or specialized care) and selecting services for prescription (e.g., physical activity outdoors).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The framework advances the field by guiding the conceptualization, development and evaluation of social prescribing services. It contributes to widening possible settings for social prescribing and considers potential adverse consequences. Thereby the framework opens up new avenues for social prescribing as preventive service model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 108164"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}