Psychopharmacology & biological narcology最新文献_第3页

Supplementing traditional drug formulation with the “needed” gases opens the way for the development of a new generation of drugs

Psychopharmacology & biological narcology Pub Date : 2023-05-11 DOI: 10.17816/phbn321616

A. Urakov, P. Shabanov, K. G. Gurevich, L. Lovtsova

{"title":"Supplementing traditional drug formulation with the “needed” gases opens the way for the development of a new generation of drugs","authors":"A. Urakov, P. Shabanov, K. G. Gurevich, L. Lovtsova","doi":"10.17816/phbn321616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/phbn321616","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanism of action of drugs is traditionally considered the specific action of the main active ingredients. Therefore, to study the mechanism of action of drugs, specialists use selected chemical compounds in chemically pure form. However, at the beginning of the 21st century, studies have reported that the action of drugs in dosage forms (tablets, solutions, etc.) is different from the action of chemically pure ingredients. The fact is that tablets, solutions, and other dosage forms contain not only the main ingredients but also auxiliary, shape-forming ingredients, and gases that supplement the specific action of the main ingredients with their nonspecific action. The gases penetrate the dosage forms from the air; however, selected gases can be introduced into the drugs under excessive pressure. Evidence presents that purposefully altering the gas content of drug tablets and solutions can regulate their mass, volume, specific gravity, porosity, physicochemical activity, and local pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, especially when drugs are administered locally. Examples are shown on how the use of this regularity has allowed the development of a new generation of drugs in Russia, namely, drugs with a specific gas composition. Studies have reported that changing the gas composition of old (registered) drugs may turn them into new drugs. Some drugs invented in Russia included gases in their formulation, which play the role of auxiliary, shape-forming, and even main ingredients. Thus, the gas composition of drugs was proposed as an additional indicator of their quality and an important factor in their physicochemical activity. An expanded list of new generation drugs was hoped for in the near future.","PeriodicalId":203264,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology & biological narcology","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124989162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

A new ghrelin receptor antagonist agrelax participates in the control of emotional-explorative behavior and anxiety in rats 一种新的胃饥饿素受体拮抗剂agrelax参与大鼠情绪探索行为和焦虑的控制

Psychopharmacology & biological narcology Pub Date : 2023-05-11 DOI: 10.17816/phbn321624

A. Lebedev, V. V. Lukashkova, A. G. Pshenichnaya, E. Bychkov, V. Lebedev, Vladimir V. Rusanovsky, P. Shabanov

{"title":"A new ghrelin receptor antagonist agrelax participates in the control of emotional-explorative behavior and anxiety in rats","authors":"A. Lebedev, V. V. Lukashkova, A. G. Pshenichnaya, E. Bychkov, V. Lebedev, Vladimir V. Rusanovsky, P. Shabanov","doi":"10.17816/phbn321624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/phbn321624","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Currently, no study has investigated on the role of ghrelin in the reinforcing system and emotional behavior. Previously, we examined the properties of GHSR1A antagonist [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 to reduce negative emotional states caused by stress. \u0000AIM: To study the involvement of a new peptide antagonist of the GHSR1A receptor agrelax in the control of emotionalexploratory behavior and anxiety in rats. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: Experiments were performed on 42 male Wistar rats. The behavior of rats was observed; agrelax 1 g/mL (or water) with a volume of 20 L (10 l in each nostril) was administered intranasally. A battery of behavioral tests was used: an elevated plus maze, an open field, a marble test, an intruderresident test, and an anxiety-phobic state assessment (FS). \u0000RESULTS: In the elevated plus maze test, the time spent in the light arm and the number of hangings from the open arm increased in the test animals compared with animals that did not receive the drug (p 0.05). After the administration of agrelax, the number of balloons buried and the number of elevations supported by the wall of the chamber in the marble test decreased compared with that in animals that did not receive the drug (p 0.05). In the open field, agrelax-infected rats showed a decrease in the number of sniffs (p 0.01). In the FS test after the agrelax administration, the time of descent from the platform decreased compared with the control (p 0.05). In the intruderresident test, individual behavior (p 0.01) and protective behavior (p 0.05) decreased after agrelax administration. \u0000CONCLUSION: A new peptide antagonist of the GHSR1A receptor agrelax is involved in the control of emotionalexploratory behavior in rats. Agrelax reduced anxiety levels and exploratory activity. The results provide grounds for the development of new approaches to the treatment of phobic spectrum disorders using drugs that modulate ghrelin regulation.","PeriodicalId":203264,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology & biological narcology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130360029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Department of Pharmacology at the Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy: The first 100 years (1798–1898) 帝国医学外科学院药学系:最初的100年(1798-1898)

Psychopharmacology & biological narcology Pub Date : 2023-05-11 DOI: 10.17816/phbn321614

P. Shabanov

{"title":"Department of Pharmacology at the Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy: The first 100 years (1798–1898)","authors":"P. Shabanov","doi":"10.17816/phbn321614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/phbn321614","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the history of the creation and development of the Department of Pharmacology of the Medico-Surgical (since 1881 Military Medical) Academy for the first 100 years of its existence. The department was created in 1798 as one of the first seven departments of the academy. It taught materia medica, or medicinal substance, which then combined pharmacy, pharmacognosy, and pharmacology. The period was marked by the appearance of the first textbook on pharmacology (A.P. Nelyubin, 1827), opening of the laboratory of experimental pharmacology (O.V. Zabelin, 1868), beginning of a critical revision of the main drugs included in the state pharmacopoeia of that time, based on their experimental studies (P.P. Sushchinsky, 18761889), a detailed description of the principle of conditioned reflexes for studying digestive secretions (I.P. Pavlov, 18951897), and other significant scientific and pedagogical events. In the 19th century, the conceptual apparatus of pharmacology, its scientific methodology, was formed, which was most clearly established at the beginning of the 20th century through the efforts of N.P. Kravkov, S.V. Anichkov, and their scientific followers. However, the works performed at the Department of Pharmacology in the 19th century were not analyzed in detail by anyone; for the most part, they only mentioned the personalities of the people who headed it and their specific, primarily pedagogical successes. This article is intended to fill this gap.","PeriodicalId":203264,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology & biological narcology","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134032698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Experimental therapy for toxic pulmonary edema caused by inhalation poisoning with nitrogen oxides 氮氧化物吸入中毒致中毒性肺水肿的实验治疗

Psychopharmacology & biological narcology Pub Date : 2023-05-11 DOI: 10.17816/phbn321622

P. A. Torkunov, A. V. Zemlyanoy, M. Varlashova, S. V. Chepur, Olga V. Torkunova, P. Shabanov

{"title":"Experimental therapy for toxic pulmonary edema caused by inhalation poisoning with nitrogen oxides","authors":"P. A. Torkunov, A. V. Zemlyanoy, M. Varlashova, S. V. Chepur, Olga V. Torkunova, P. Shabanov","doi":"10.17816/phbn321622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/phbn321622","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Morphological studies conducted in different phases of toxic pulmonary edema initiated by nitrogen oxides have revealed changes in blood vessels and blood cells that develop at the earliest stages of the lesion and precede edema. \u0000AIM: To examine the cellular composition of the blood of mice in the presence of inhalation poisoning with nitrogen oxides. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: The toxic lung edema was modeled in mice by inhalation of toxic doses of nitrogen oxides LСt50. Blood cells were determined using a hematological analyzer 0.5, 3, and 24 h after poisoning. Parts of the animals, 30 min after the poisoning, were injected intraperitoneally with a complex of drugs consisting of sodium dimercaptopropane sulfonate (unithiol) 150 mg/kg, diclofenac sodium 35.0 mg/kg, and аprotinin (contrikal) 250 IU / kg. \u0000RESULTS: In mice poisoned with nitrogen oxides, the main differences were observed in the leukocyte count, composition of the leukocyte formula, and platelet count. Thrombocytosis is observed 3 and 24 h after intoxication. The earliest manifestation of blood poisoning (0.5 h) was a decrease in the total leukocyte count (leukopenia). During the pronounced clinical manifestations of nitric oxide poisoning (3 h), a change in the leukocyte formula toward an increase in the proportion of granulocytes and medium cells (granulocytosis and eosinophilia-monocytosis) was noted. A day after the poisoning, the noted indicators generally return to the initial level. Treatment of poisoned animals with a combination of drugs neutralizes the observed effects. \u0000CONCLUSION: The combination of drugs consisting of sodium dimercaptopropane sulfonate (unithiol), diclofenac sodium, and аprotinin (contrikal) was found to be effective in the treatment of toxic lung edema induced by nitrogen oxides.","PeriodicalId":203264,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology & biological narcology","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116991110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

I.P. Pavlov as an experimental pharmacologist (to the 275th anniversary of the Department of Pharmacology of the Military Medical Academy) 巴甫洛夫作为实验药理学家(致军事医学院药学系成立275周年)

Psychopharmacology & biological narcology Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.17816/phbn321340

P. Shabanov

{"title":"I.P. Pavlov as an experimental pharmacologist (to the 275th anniversary of the Department of Pharmacology of the Military Medical Academy)","authors":"P. Shabanov","doi":"10.17816/phbn321340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/phbn321340","url":null,"abstract":"The work is devoted to the formation of pharmacology as a science within the walls of the Medico-Surgical Academy, founded in 1798. The main purpose of the work is to sanctify the activities of the famous Russian physiologist and naturalist I.P. Pavlov in the field of experimental and clinical pharmacology, performed mainly in the early period of his work at the Medico-Surgical (Military Medical) Academy (1879-1895). The scientific publications of I.P. Pavlov in this area, mainly works on the use of bitterness as appetite stimulants, herbal preparations of cardiotonic action obtained from Adonis vernalis, lily of the valley, hellebore, the use of caffeine and bromine preparations for the treatment of neuroses were analyzed. In addition to scientific activity, the formation of I.P. Pavlov as a lecturer, his features of teaching, the introduction of demonstrations of experiments on animals during lectures, explanation of the mechanisms of reproducible physiological and pharmacological phenomena were described. The implementation aspect of the theoretical developments of I.P. Pavlov in practical medicine was revealed as well.","PeriodicalId":203264,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology & biological narcology","volume":"186 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129662362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Possible autoimmune mechanisms of regulation of rat behavior in the “open field” test 在“开阔场地”试验中调节大鼠行为的可能自身免疫机制

Psychopharmacology & biological narcology Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.17816/phbn267161

V. Baturin, E. Beyer, M. Baturina

{"title":"Possible autoimmune mechanisms of regulation of rat behavior in the “open field” test","authors":"V. Baturin, E. Beyer, M. Baturina","doi":"10.17816/phbn267161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/phbn267161","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: In recent years, researchers have demonstrated interest in the autoimmune mechanisms of regulation of physiological processes. In response to damage or protein expression, the levels of autoantibodies increased to ensure the restoration of the disturbed balance. Levels of autoantibodies are high in many diseases. \u0000AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the levels of autoantibodies in the blood serum of experimental animals and evaluate their behavior in the open field test. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 32 male rats, two groups were formed: group 1 was not exposed to stress, whereas group 2 was subjected to stress for 7 days by applying a clamp on the skin fold for 15 min daily. Three days after the last stress procedure, testing was conducted in the open field. After assessing the behavior, blood serum was obtained, and the levels of autoantibodies to dopamine receptors (DR1 and DR2) and NMDA receptors (NR1, NR2A, and NR2B) were determined. \u0000RESULTS: Compared with group 1, group 2 visited the central zones of the field less often, had lower vertical activity, and less often performed acts of washing. In group 2, the levels of autoantibodies to DR1 and DR2 were higher, but to NR2B were lower. Correlation analysis revealed that in group 2, the level of autoantibodies to DR2 was associated with horizontal activity (r = 0.60). In group 1, a relationship was established between the level of autoantibodies to NR2B and the number of runs through the central zones of the field (r = +0.68). \u0000CONCLUSIONS: Taking into account the revealed relationship between the levels of autoantibodies and activity in the open field, the degree of increase in blood IgG titers to DR2 receptors may reflect the severity of changes in the behaviors of animals under stress. Conversely, in connection with the emerging data on the possibility of IgG penetration through the bloodbrain barrier, the effect of autoantibodies on brain dopamine receptors with a limited activity of the dopaminergic system may be considered.","PeriodicalId":203264,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology & biological narcology","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126518300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effectiveness of sodium nucleospermate for the development of embryos and larvae of Danio rerio 核精酸钠对斑马鱼胚胎和幼虫发育的影响

Psychopharmacology & biological narcology Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.17816/phbn267455

Alexandra A. Blazhenko, A. Lebedev, N. Tapilskaya, S. Proshin, P. Shabanov

{"title":"Effectiveness of sodium nucleospermate for the development of embryos and larvae of Danio rerio","authors":"Alexandra A. Blazhenko, A. Lebedev, N. Tapilskaya, S. Proshin, P. Shabanov","doi":"10.17816/phbn267455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/phbn267455","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The development of eggs and larvae of Danio rerio ex utero and the optical transparency of their embryos allow visual analysis of embryos at different stages of development and evaluation of organogenesis. \u0000The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of sodium nucleospermate to the survival of embryos and larvae of Danio rerio. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study used Danio rerio fish of natural color. To assess the effectiveness of sodium nucleospermate on embryo survival, 64 eggs were collected and placed in separate wells. Three concentrations of sodium nucleospermate were tested in the experiment: 50 g (dose 1), 1.3 g (dose 2), and 0.0325 g (dose 3) per well (200 L). The experiment was conducted for 8 days, and blood circulation, exit of the larva from the egg, movements of the embryo inside the egg, and movements of the emerging larva were evaluated. \u0000RESULTS: On day 1 in the control group, blood circulation was recorded in all embryos, and movement was determined in 21.4%. With dose 1, the blood circulation in embryos was recorded at 37.5%, and movement was noted in 6.25%. With dose 2, blood circulation was detected in all embryos, while movement was noted in 46.6%. With dose 3, blood circulation was detected in all embryos, and movement was noted 18.75%. On day 8, only active movements of the larvae along the experimental hole were evaluated because all other parameters were recorded in 100% of the surviving embryos. The experiment on day 8 showed that in the control group, 37.5% of the initially taken living embryos actively move and develop satisfactorily with the addition of sodium nucleospermate at doses 50%, 81.25%, and 75%. \u0000CONCLUSION: The highest survival rate of Danio rerio larvae was recorded after the addition of sodium nucleospermate to the medium at an average dose of 1.3 g/200 L (6.5 g/mL, or 0.0065% solution).","PeriodicalId":203264,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology & biological narcology","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132969269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prospects for the use of bovhyaluronidase azoxymer in the post-COVID period after a severe COVID-19: A clinical case 新型冠状病毒肺炎重症病例后冠状病毒感染后使用双透明质酸酶偶氮合酶的展望

Psychopharmacology & biological narcology Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.17816/phbn278278

T. Sergeeva, D. Kachanov, Evgeniya A. Belogurova, Anfisa B. Batalova, A. V. Pavlysh

{"title":"Prospects for the use of bovhyaluronidase azoxymer in the post-COVID period after a severe COVID-19: A clinical case","authors":"T. Sergeeva, D. Kachanov, Evgeniya A. Belogurova, Anfisa B. Batalova, A. V. Pavlysh","doi":"10.17816/phbn278278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/phbn278278","url":null,"abstract":"Fibrotic changes in lung tissues after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are receiving increasing attention. Current tasks for the medical community include not only minimizing the effects on etiotropic factors and increasing the bodys resistance to the damaging effects of viruses but also minimizing the number of complications and in the long term reducing morbidity and improving the prognosis and quality of life of patients after a severe viral infection. \u0000The aim of this study was to describe a clinical case of the effectiveness of bovhyaluronidase azoxymer in the post-COVID period after a severe COVID-19. \u0000A 46-year-old patient was diagnosed with COVID-19, which manifested as an acute respiratory viral infection in the clinic. She was hospitalized in a specialized department. Computed tomography noted 80% of lung damage, and oxygen saturation decreased to 70%. She was treated with antibiotics, antiviral drugs, anticoagulants, and hormones. After 1 month, she was discharged with improvement, and residual effects of lung damage (56%). In the post-hospital period, bovhyaluronidase azoximer for 25 days was prescribed. Clinical, radiological, laboratory, and clinical applied in a hospital. \u0000On computed tomography, no signs of infiltrative changes in the lungs and signs of pneumofibrosis, a picture of viral pneumonia, were noted. \u0000The case highlights the positive action of bovhyaluronidase azoxymer as an immunomodulatory and antifibrosing agent.","PeriodicalId":203264,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology & biological narcology","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133913309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The cognitive stability of an elderly human is guaranteed by his lifelong motor activity 老年人的认知稳定性由其终生的运动活动来保证

Psychopharmacology & biological narcology Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.17816/phbn278248

A. S. Radchenko

{"title":"The cognitive stability of an elderly human is guaranteed by his lifelong motor activity","authors":"A. S. Radchenko","doi":"10.17816/phbn278248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/phbn278248","url":null,"abstract":"A persons muscular activity, or behavior when performing various types of physical exercises, is determined by the brains complex, multi-level architectonics. The organization of any type of movement in sports and physical exercises, as well as various types of professional motor activity, involves all levels of the central nervous system. \u0000This study aims to analyze the benefits of sports for maintaining long-term brain activity. \u0000This study conducted literary critical analysis of the functional interaction of various cortical and subcortical mechanisms of human voluntary movements with domestic and foreign literature involvement. \u0000Regular sports cause structural changes in areas of the brain that are directly or indirectly involved in the organization of movements. Moreover, due to an increase in perfusion, a significant part of the gray matter of the primary sensorimotor fields and many associative areas of the cortex are also subject to structural changes. Muscle work and any motor activity are a positive factor that determines a persons cognitive stability in old age due to favorable changes in the brain. \u0000This conclusion refutes the popular belief that long-term sports lead to the preservation of only the motor cortex with age, whereas the capillary networks in other areas, particularly associative fields, occlude earlier with age, and impair intelligence.","PeriodicalId":203264,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology & biological narcology","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115500021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ghrelin levels in different brain regions in Danio rerio exposured to stress 应激小鼠不同脑区胃饥饿素水平

Psychopharmacology & biological narcology Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.17816/phbn267375

Alexandra A. Blazhenko, P. Khokhlov, A. Lebedev, E. R. Bychkov, S. V. Kazakov, P. Shabanov

{"title":"Ghrelin levels in different brain regions in Danio rerio exposured to stress","authors":"Alexandra A. Blazhenko, P. Khokhlov, A. Lebedev, E. R. Bychkov, S. V. Kazakov, P. Shabanov","doi":"10.17816/phbn267375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/phbn267375","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Literature data indicated that ghrelin may be a stress neuropeptide in some animals, including Danio rerio. \u0000AIM: The aim of the study was to measure the levels of ghrelin in Danio rerio brain (forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain) after predator exposure (predator stress test) and administration of ghrelin and oxytocin antagonists to assess the role of ghrelin in stress response. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study used 68 Danio rerio, one predator of Cichlasoma nicaraguensis. Ghrelin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The following pharmacological agents were used: 1) ghrelin antagonist hexapeptide [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 (Tocris, UK); 2) recombinant peptide analog of ghrelin agrelax with a molecular weight of 3.5 kDa, developed at the IEM (both compounds in equal dosages of 0.333 mg/L); corticoliberin (Tocris) at a dosage of 0.4 mg/L; and oxytocin (Gedeon Richter, Hungary) at a dosage of 3.8 L (0.005 IU/L) per 50 mL of aquarium water (0.019 IU/L). \u0000RESULTS: In the control group, ghrelin level was determined only in the hindbrain, and ghrelin levels in the forebrain and midbrain were 4 pg/mg of total protein. Contact with a predator led to a significant increase in ghrelin levels in the forebrain and midbrain, but not in the hindbrain. Thus, in fish forebrain, ghrelin levels increased to 966 12 pg/mg of protein, which is almost a 250-fold increase in the indicator compared with the level in intact animals. In the presence of agrelax, [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6, and oxytocin, ghrelin levels in the forebrain and midbrain of stressed fish decreased approximately equally to 88 3, 97 1, and 115 1 pg/mg protein, respectively. \u0000CONCLUSION: Thus, stress exposure (contact with a predator) significantly increases ghrelin levels in the forebrain and midbrain but decreases in the hindbrain. Stress-protective peptides (oxytocin, [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6, and agrelax) decreased ghrelin levels in the forebrain and midbrain, and to a lesser extent, in the hindbrain when exposed to stress.","PeriodicalId":203264,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology & biological narcology","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131260015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Psychopharmacology &amp; biological narcology最新文献

Psychopharmacology & biological narcology最新文献