Psychopharmacology & biological narcology最新文献

{"title":"Effects of unilateral cortical inactivation on monoamine metabolism in symmetrical forebrain areas of white outbred mice","authors":"I. Karpova, V. V. Mikheyev, E. R. Bychkov, Petr D. Shabanov","doi":"10.17816/phbn630267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/phbn630267","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In clinical observations and animal experiments, the lateral specificity of the action of compounds that alter monoaminergic transmission has been shown. However, the mechanism of this phenomenon has not yet been studied. \u0000Aim: To study the effect of unilateral cortical spreading depression on monoamine metabolism in white outbred mice. \u0000Materials and methods: The experiments were carried out on 18 sexually mature males of white outbred mice. Functional inactivation of the cortex of one of the cerebral hemispheres was caused by unilateral epidural application of 1x1 mm filter paper moistened with 25% KCl solution. 15 minutes after exposure, the animals were decapitated. Using the HPLC method with an electrochemical detector, in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, olfactory tubercle and striatum the contents of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) and their metabolites: dioxyphenylacetic (DOPAC), homovanilinic (HVA) and 5-hydroxyindolacetic (5-HIAA) acids were measured. \u0000Results. The inactivation of the left hemisphere (ILH) caused a bilateral decrease in the level of NE in the hippocampus, an ipsilateral increase in extracellular metabolism of DA (HVA and/or HVA/DA) in the olfactory tubercle and striatum, as well as a contralateral increase in the content of DA in the cortex and hippocampus. In addition, the ratio of DOPAC/DA in the right olfactory tubercle decreased with ILH. The inactivation of the right hemisphere (IRH) did not cause bilateral effects. With IRH on the inactivation side, the level of NE decreased in the hippocampus, and the level of HVA increased in the striatum. On the opposite (left) side in the IRH mice, the content of DA in the hippocampus increased, as well as the level of DOPAC and the ratio of DOPAC/DA in the olfactory tubercle. Only at IRH, an increase in serotonin metabolism (5-HIAA/5-HT) was detected in the right hippocampus and in the left olfactory tubercle. \u0000Conclusion. The monoaminergic effects of functional inactivation of the left and right hemisphere cortex in white outbred mice are not mirror-symmetrical.","PeriodicalId":203264,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology & biological narcology","volume":"68 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140709890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Objective predictors for delirium tremens based on physiological and metabolic parameters","authors":"Sergei Utkin, Oleg Zhanovich Buzik, Aleksandr Burtsev","doi":"10.17816/phbn626372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/phbn626372","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of study: clinical validation of a model for early detection of patients at high risk of developing complicated forms of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (hereinafter - AWS), based on laboratory diagnostics. \u0000Subjects and methods: The study was a prospective, cohort, observational. The total number of included patients was 200, 9 of them were excluded, and the included patients were distributed as follows: uncomplicated AWS developed in 98 patients (51.3%), alcohol delirium in 67 patients (35.1%), and alcohol-induced psychotic disorder in 26 patients (13.6%). Potassium, sodium, calcium and platelet count levels were compared between the groups, and the relationships between gender, age and potassium levels in patients with alcohol delirium were studied. \u0000Results: levels of potassium, sodium and platelet count were significantly different in groups of patients with alcohol delirium, uncomplicated AWS and alcohol-induced psychotic disorder. Blood calcium levels were significantly different between patients with alcohol delirium and uncomplicated AWS. Women were found to be less sensitive to metabolic disorders that developed as a result of alcohol consumption, as evidenced by their lower incidence of delirium. The high prevalence of alcohol delirium among elderly patients is a consequence of decompensation of metabolic regulation mechanisms in them. Predictive model of alcohol delirium, based on the results of blood potassium level study, proved effectiveness in clinical application.","PeriodicalId":203264,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology & biological narcology","volume":"29 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140709775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Talented biochemical pharmacologist Professor Irina Viktorovna Zarubina (on her 70th birthday)","authors":"Shabanov Shabanov","doi":"10.17816/phbn629138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/phbn629138","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":203264,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology & biological narcology","volume":"85 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140711231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethyl alcohol. Influence on the dynamics of blood supply of skin and other soft tissues during their sudden cooling","authors":"Alexander L. Urakov","doi":"10.17816/phbn625460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/phbn625460","url":null,"abstract":"It is shown that in norm (i.e. in sober people in the absence of ethyl alcohol in blood) sudden local cooling of skin and soft tissues of different parts of the body from +37 to +18 °С and below (but not below 0 °С) causes in the cooled tissues 2-phase change in the value of blood vessels tone, their blood filling, intensity of blood supply and feeling of painfulness. Thus from the first seconds of cooling the tone of blood vessels of muscular type begins to increase, their blood filling begins to decrease, skin color lightens and soon in the cooled area of the body there is a feeling of acute soreness. After a few tens of seconds of cooling, the spasm of blood vessels reaches maximum values, their filling with blood decreases to a minimum, the skin turns white, and the soreness reaches maximum values. These changes persist at their peak for a few minutes, after which they begin to disappear, despite the persisting hypothermia. But then, after 10-15 minutes of cooling, hyperemia inevitably develops in the hypothermia zone, as a result of which the soreness disappears and the skin reddens. It is established that in the norm, sudden cooling of tissues causes irritation of temperature receptors located in them. The resulting excitation of temperature receptors causes reflex spasm of blood vessels, which has an adaptive value, as it is evolutionarily developed for temperature homeostasis of warm-blooded organism. It has been found out that acute painfulness accompanying cold spasm of blood vessels arises due to mechanical squeezing of pain receptors located under the muscular layer in the wall of blood vessels. On the other hand, the presence of ethyl alcohol in the blood (the presence of alcohol intoxication) fundamentally changes the dynamics of blood supply of tissues at their sudden cooling: during cooling, blood vessels expand and overflow with blood without the initial phase of spasm and the appearance of a sense of pain. At the same time, hyperemia persists not only throughout the cooling period, but also after it. In other words, alcohol intoxication is manifested by the immediate development of hyperemia and redness of the skin in the cooled area of the body without the initial spasm of blood vessels, the appearance of a feeling of soreness and pallor of the skin in the area of cooling.","PeriodicalId":203264,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology & biological narcology","volume":"7 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140710595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reinforcing systems of the brain and quantification of their work","authors":"Shabanov Shabanov","doi":"10.17816/phbn629590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/phbn629590","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The reinforcing systems of the brain are represented mainly by the ventral forbrain dopaminergic bundle, which innervates the emotiogenic structures of the limbic system. Their study comes down to the reproduction of unconditioned (self-stimulation, self-administration) and conditioned reflex (preference for place, temperature, color) reactions. Questions regarding the quantitative assessment of the brain's reinforcing systems remain unresolved. For self-stimulation of brain structures, the change of the pedal presses in the Skinner chamber and some calculated coefficients are used, for example, the “mismatch coefficient,” which characterizes the temporal characteristics of the pedal pressings. \u0000The aim of this study was to develop, test and substantiate an additional objective quantitative method for assessing the reinforcing systems of the brain, called the “addiction coefficient” based on an analysis of the effect of three psychoactive compounds (amphetamine, morphine and ethanol) in different doses on self-stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus in rats. \u0000Methods. The main method for studying the reinforcing systems of the brain was the reaction of self-stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus in Wistar rats, which was modulated by the administration of psychoactive substances. The psychomotor stimulant amphetamine (phenamine) hydrochloride (0.5; 1; 2; 4 mg/kg), the narcotic analgesic morphine hydrochloride (1; 2; 4; 8 mg/kg) and ethanol (0.5; 1; 2; 4 g/kg), administered intraperitoneally were used as inductors of reinforcing. The control was the administration of different doses of 0.9% NaCl solution (0.1; 0.2; 0.4; 0.8 ml/rat). \u0000Results. The use of different controls, characterized by an increase or decrease in the self-stimulation reaction in response to the introduction of a 0.9% NaCl solution, showed that calculated coefficients, such as the “mismatch coefficient,” can also change in different directions and do not objectively reflect the reinforcing effects of pharmacological substances. The “addiction coefficient” we propose, which reflects the component of psychic dependence, always changes unidirectionally towards an increase. The degree of this increase can be tens and hundreds of percent of the control, and is significantly independent of the initial values of self-stimulation. As expected, the “addiction coefficient” increases most clearly after the administration of the psychostimulant amphetamine and less significantly after injections of morphine and ethanol. \u0000Conclusion. It is concluded that the “addiction coefficient” of a psychoactive substance, calculated as the ratio of the increase in pedal presses to the value of the “mismatch coefficient,” is a clear quantitative indicator when assessing the reinforcing properties of psychoactive substances in the self-stimulation reaction of the lateral hypothalamus. The “addiction coefficient” does not significantly depend on the initial level of self-stimulation and is rec","PeriodicalId":203264,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology & biological narcology","volume":"22 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140711548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS OF THE RAT BRAIN IN ISCHEMIA AND IN CONDITIONS OF COMBINED PRECONDITIONING","authors":"Vasiliy E. Novikov","doi":"10.17816/phbn626415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/phbn626415","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Preconditioning is an effective method of increasing the body's resistance to hypoxia/ischemia. \u0000AIM: The aim is to evaluate morphological changes in the most hypoxia-sensitive fields of the hippocampus CA1 and CA3 in cerebral ischemia in rats and under conditions of combined preconditioning. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS. Cerebral ischemia was simulated in rats under anesthesia (8% chloral hydrate solution 400 mg/kg) by bilateral ligation of the common carotid arteries. The combined preconditioning method (CPreC) included the alternate use of two preconditional factors – pharmacological (amtisol at a dose of 25 mg /kg) and hypoxic (hypobaric hypoxia, 410 mmHg, exposure time 60 min). Morphometric assessment of brain damage was performed a day after modeling ischemia in the CA1 and CA3 fields of the hippocampus. \u0000RESULTS. KPreK has a positive effect on the morphometric parameters of the brain during its ischemia, increasing the survival of neurons in the early and late periods of ischemia modeling, preventing the formation of necrotically and apoptotically altered neurons, hyperactivation of microglial cells and contributing to the preservation of endotheliocytes. \u0000CONCLUSION. KPreK (amtisol + hypobaric hypoxia) has a neuroprotective effect in cerebral ischemia.","PeriodicalId":203264,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology & biological narcology","volume":"26 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140711299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The hypothermic effect of the antihypoxant 2-aminobenztiazole","authors":"D.I. Klimenko, Ekaterina O. Demidova, I. Karpova, V. V. Marysheva, N.R. Evdokimova, N. A. Shchukina, V. P. Ganapolsky, Petr D. Shabanov","doi":"10.17816/phbn629889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/phbn629889","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: One of the compounds studied at the Department of Pharmacology of the Kirov Military Medical Academy is a compound with a proven antihypoxic effect of 2-aminobenzothiazole (2-ABT). The mechanism of action of this substance is partially associated with the central action, and its protective effect may potentially be due to the general hypothermic effect. \u0000AIM: To determine the effect of 2-ABT on body temperature. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: Experiments were carried out on 24 adult males of white outbred mice. 2-ABT was previously dissolved in 0.9% sodium chloride solution and administered intraperitoneally to mice at doses of 32.5 mg/kg (with proven antihypoxic effect), 21.7 mg/kg or 10.8 mg/kg. Rectal temperature was measured with an electronic thermometer DT-623 (China) before administration of the test substance, as well as 5, 30 and 60 minutes after the injection.RESULTS: Compound 2-ABT has a pronounced dose-dependent hypothermic effect. This effect is maximally expressed in a dose in which the compound has a proven antihypoxic property – 32.5 mg/kg. The hypothermic effect manifests itself within 5 minutes after administration, the maximum decrease in body temperature is observed after 30 minutes, while the effect persists for an hour. \u0000CONCLUSION: 2-ABT may be a promising compound for the creation of a drug for drug-induced (controlled) hypothermia.","PeriodicalId":203264,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology & biological narcology","volume":"73 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140711005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SEDATIVE EFFECT OF U-49900 (3,4-DICHLORO-N-(2-(DIETHYLAMINO)CYCLOHEXYL)-N-METHYL-BENZAMIDE) IN ADULT ZEBRAFISH","authors":"T. Kolesnikova, Vadim Shevyrin, S. L. Khatsko, Allan Kalueff","doi":"10.17816/phbn627411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/phbn627411","url":null,"abstract":"U-49900 is a chemical analogue of a selective μ-opioid receptor agonist U-47700. Despite the growing abuse of synthetic opioids, including U-49900, its psychopharmacological and toxicological profiles remain poorly understood. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a promising model organism in neuroscience, and is often used for the psychopharmacological evaluation of neurotropic drugs. The psychopharmacological profile of U-49900 was evaluated here in adult zebrafish at 1, 5, 10 and 25 mg/l (water immersion) tested in the novel tank test. U-49900 at 25 mg/l for 20 min reduces the distance traveled and the number of top entries in the novel tank test (p0.001 vs. control group), but unalters other parameters in this test. Overall, the sensitivity of zebrafish to synthetic non-fentanyl opioids like U-49900 suggests the possibility of developing high-throughput screening platforms for finding effective therapies for pathological conditions caused by synthetic opioids.","PeriodicalId":203264,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology & biological narcology","volume":"9 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140712548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction of compulsive overeating in rats after maternal deprivation in early age using a new antagonist of OX1 receptors","authors":"Andrey А. Lebedev, S. S. Pyurveev","doi":"10.17816/phbn630268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/phbn630268","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Compulsive overeating (bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder) is the basis of eating disorders and is included in ICD-11 and DSM-5 as a manifestation of a non-chemical form of addiction. It is a behavioral disorder of impulsivity and compulsivity. Obesity and eating disorders are characterized by compulsive food consumption, similar to the compulsive drug use of substance use disorders. \u0000Aim. Study of the effect of the OX1 receptor antagonist anthorex on compulsive overeating in animals in a model of maternal deprivation. \u0000Materials and methods. Sexually mature male rats, which were separated from their mother for 3 hours after birth from days 2 to 12, were fed a high-carbohydrate diet every third day for 1 hour for 45 days. In this case, high-calorie food was placed within 5 cm of reach with visual contact 15 minutes before feeding. Orexin receptor antagonist Anthorex was administered intranasally for 7 days at a dose of 1 µg/1 µl, 20 µl. \u0000Results. Intermittent consumption of high-calorie foods caused compulsive overeating in rats. Sexually mature animals that experienced deprivation from their mother in early ontogenesis showed increased signs of compulsive overeating of high-carbohydrate foods in our model relative to the control (p 0.001). At the same time, the consumption of standard briquetted feed did not change. Intranasal administration of the OX1 receptor antagonist anthorex reduced the manifestations of compulsive overeating in rats after weaning under conditions of intermittent consumption of high-calorie food compared to the control group (p 0.05). Consumption of standard food did not differ relative to the control group, both before and after the course of administration of the orexin antagonist. \u0000Conclusion. The work suggest new ways of studying and synthesizing peptide drugs based on orexin and its antagonists for the correction of compulsive overeating caused by chronic stress in ontogenesis.","PeriodicalId":203264,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology & biological narcology","volume":"115 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140709424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate in alcohol withdrawal","authors":"E. Yakusheva, A. V. Shchulkin, Y. Abalenikhina","doi":"10.17816/phbn625395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/phbn625395","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Alcohol (ethanol) use disorder is a destructive condition with alterations in impaired energy and metabolic processes and activation of free radical oxidation processes. Therefore, the use of antioxidants in the complex therapy of this pathology is pathogenetically justified, one of which is the original domestic drug ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate. \u0000AIM: To examine the effectiveness of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate in intravenous, intramuscular, and intragastric methods of administration to male ICR mice in modeling alcohol withdrawal. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was performed on 9- to 10-week-old male specific pathogen-free mice of the ICR outflow with an average weight of 25.4 ± 0.2 g. Alcohol dependence in animals was modeled by a gradual increase in ethanol in the drinker from 1% to 3%, 6%, and 10% every 2 days. Upon reaching a concentration of 10%, the animals were given one bottle of alcohol and one bottle of water every other day and two bottles of alcohol on intermediate days. The position of the bottles (left/right) was changed between each alcohol access session. After 6 weeks, 10% alcohol was removed. The administration of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate and saline solution (control group) was started twice a day for 7 days. Ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate was administered intravenously (50 and 100 mg/kg), intramuscularly (50 and 100 mg/kg), and intragastrically (100 and 150 mg/kg). \u0000RESULTS: Ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate was administered intravenously (50 and 100 mg/kg), intramuscularly (50 and 100 mg/kg), and intragastrically (100 and 150 mg/kg) two times a day for 7 days resulted in the manifestations of alcohol withdrawal in ICR mice with alcohol dependence. It had pronounced pharmacological activity, which manifested in a decrease in alcohol consumption, improvement of horizontal and vertical activities, improvement of movement coordination, and a decrease in the severity of withdrawal syndrome detected in the nesting ability test. \u0000CONCLUSION: When administered intravenously (50 and 100 mg/kg), intramuscularly (50 and 100 mg/kg), and intragastrically (100 and 150 mg/kg) to male mice, ICR had a pronounced therapeutic effect in modeling alcohol withdrawal.","PeriodicalId":203264,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology & biological narcology","volume":"65 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140742765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}